近年来,正畸治疗已经从简单排齐牙齿向改善面部美观发生了巨大转变,无论是患者希望通过正畸治疗达到改善面部美观的目的,还是正畸医生以颌面部软组织为治疗导向的矫治理念的产生,正畸治疗与面部软组织美观之间的关系越来越紧密。人们对面部美观的定义受主观因素影响,明确面部软组织美学的评价标准对于正畸治疗过程中不同人群目标位置的设定具有十分重要的意义,同时在制定矫治计划时关于正畸治疗前后对面部美观的改变也需要被考虑。我们不定义美貌理想值,只是希望我们的研究结果能为有美貌需求的正畸患者提供一种参考。同时,既往研究正畸治疗与面部美观的相关性大多着眼于侧貌的改变,但正面像是患者最容易观察且关注较多的部分,我们将把探索的目光放在与正畸治疗相关的面部正面像软组织的改变上,正面美学特征的研究可以作为侧貌美学的补充,丰富颜面美学分析的内容,也可以在正畸治疗前辅助医患沟通,降低因审美差异造成纠纷的风险。In recent years, orthodontic treatment has evolved significantly from merely aligning teeth to improve facial beauty. Whether it is patients’ hope to improve facial beauty through orthodontic treatment, or the emergence of the treatment concept of face soft tissue as treatment orientation, the relationship between orthodontic treatment and facial soft tissue beauty is strengthened. The perception of facial beauty is influenced by subjective factors. Making it essential to establish clear evaluation criteria for setting the target positions of different groups in the process of orthodontic treatment. At the same time, changes in facial beauty before and after orthodontic treatment should also be considered when making the treatment plan. We do not define an ideal standard of beauty, but hope that our findings can provide a reference for orthodontic patients with aesthetic concerns. At the same time, previous studies on the correlation between orthodontic treatment and facial aesthetics mostly focused on the changes of facial appearance, However, the frontal view is what patients are most likely to observe and pay attention to. We will focus our exploration on the changes of facial image soft tissue related to orthodontic treatment. The study of positive aesthetic features can complement profile aesthetics and enrich the content of facial aesthetic analysis. It can also assist doctor-patient communication before orthodontic treatment to reduce the risk of disputes caused by aesthetic differences.
着色牙是常见的口腔疾病,根据其病因可以分为外源性着色牙和内源性着色牙两类。随着人们生活水平和经济水平的提高,牙齿变色与美观问题引起越来越多患者的关注,而漂白治疗,作为一种微创性高,对牙齿硬组织损伤较小的治疗方式被越来越多地应用于变色牙的治疗。漂白治疗已经被大量的研究证实其有效性,但漂白治疗的效果受多种因素的影响,本文将就影响漂白治疗效果的因素进行综述。Discolored teeth are common oral diseases, which can be divided into exogenous and endogenous discolored teeth according to their etiology. With the improvement of people’s living standards and economic level, the discoloration and aesthetic problems of teeth have attracted more and more patients’ attention. Bleaching treatment, as a minimally invasive treatment with less damage to the hard tissue of teeth, has been more and more applied in the treatment of discoloration of teeth. Bleaching treatment has been proved effective by a large number of studies, but the effect of bleaching treatment is affected by many factors. This paper reviews the factors influencing the therapeutic effect of tooth bleaching.
牙周组织缺损是牙周炎治疗的难点,传统治疗方法难以有效恢复牙周组织的结构和功能。引导组织再生术(Guided Tissue Regeneration, GTR)作为一种再生医学技术,利用生物屏障膜隔离牙周缺损区域,为牙周组织再生创造有利空间,从而促进牙周功能的恢复。可吸收生物膜因其无需二次手术取出、生物相容性好、可控降解等优势,成为GTR的理想材料。本文综述了不同种类可吸收生物膜在GTR中的研究进展,重点关注其理化特性、生物学效应以及临床应用效果,并探讨了该领域目前存在的挑战及未来研究方向,旨在为GTR的临床实践提供指导并推动治疗方式优化。Periodontal tissue defects, characterized by gingival recession and alveolar bone loss, pose significant challenges in periodontitis treatment, as conventional therapies often fail to fully restore tissue structure and function. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) offers a regenerative medicine approach, employing barrier membranes to isolate the defect site and foster a conducive environment for periodontal tissue regeneration, ultimately promoting functional recovery. Resorbable membranes, owing to their advantages of eliminating the need for a second surgical procedure, coupled with favorable biocompatibility and controlled degradation profiles, have emerged as ideal GTR materials. This review summarizes the research progress of various resorbable membranes in GTR, focusing on their physicochemical properties, biological effects, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it explores current challenges and future research directions in this field, aiming to inform and enhance clinical practice in GTR.
牙髓炎是发生于牙髓组织的炎性病变,持续发展会导致根尖周炎及骨组织缺损,严重破坏牙齿功能,影响患者的口腔健康及日常生活,造成时间、经济损失。细胞凋亡是基因控制的一种程序性细胞死亡,其表观遗传调节主要包括非编码RNA (non-coding RNA, ncRNA)转录调控、DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰等。本文通过对表观遗传在牙髓炎进展中对细胞凋亡的调控机制和潜在作用作一综述,旨在丰富牙髓炎症的机制背景,为研究牙髓炎症的防治提供参考。Pulpitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in the pulp tissue. Continued development can lead to periapical periodontitis and bone tissue defect, seriously damage dental function, affect patients’ oral health and daily life, and cause time and economic losses. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death controlled by genes. Its epigenetic regulation mainly includes non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcriptional regulation, DNA methylation and histone modification. This article reviews the regulatory mechanism and potential role of epigenetic on apoptosis in the progression of pulpitis, aiming to enrich the mechanism background of pulpitis and provide reference for the study of pulp inflammation prevention and treatment.
目的:探索硫糖铝对小鼠放射性口腔黏膜炎(radiation-induced oral mucositis;RIOM)的治疗效果及其可能机制。材料和方法:建立小鼠RIOM模型,从小鼠辐照完成后至处死小鼠期间,每日使用硫糖铝局部涂抹小鼠舌背,观察溃疡情况,并行组织病理学和WB检测。结果:18 Gy γ射线大剂量一次性照射头颈部后第9天小鼠舌部出现明显的溃疡。与单纯辐照组相比,硫糖铝处理组小鼠舌背溃疡面积较小,舌背黏膜基底层细胞更多,组织内促凋亡蛋白Bax和Caspase-3水平显著降低,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2水平显著升高。结论:使用硫糖铝治疗能改善RIOM小鼠的舌背黏膜情况,推测可能是通过形成局部屏障、促进细胞增殖、抗细胞凋亡、清除自由基等方面作用从而减轻口腔黏膜局部炎症,促进黏膜炎愈合。Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effects of sucralfate on radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) in mice and explore its potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A mouse model of RIOM was established. From the completion of irradiation until euthanasia, sucralfate was topically applied to the dorsal tongue of mice daily. Ulcer conditions were observed, and histopathological and Western blot (WB) analyses were performed. Results: On the 9th day after a single high-dose (18 Gy) γ-ray irradiation of the head and neck, significant ulcers appeared on the tongues of mice. Compared to the irradiation-only group, the sucralfate-treated group exhibited smaller ulcer areas on the dorsal tongue, a greater number of basal layer cells in the dorsal tongue mucosa, significantly reduced levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3, and significantly increased levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Conclusion: Treatment with sucralfate improved the mucosal condition of the dorsal tongue in RIOM mice. It is hypothesized that sucralfate may alleviate local inflammation and promote mucosal healing through mechanisms such as forming a local barrier, promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and scavenging free radicals.
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