种子是一种极为重要的种质资源,若不查明其脱水耐性,则难以科学保存。为了确定多胚性蒲桃种子是否属于脱水敏感性种子及其适宜的萌发温度,以便更好地保存和利用其种子,本研究以成熟的蒲桃种子为实验材料,进行了干燥脱水与萌发实验。结果表明:成熟的蒲桃种子初始含水量较高(50.15%),在30℃和30/20℃下能顺利萌发,其萌发率分别是90%和92%。不过,35℃下的萌发率较低(37%)。当种子干燥脱水后,种子含水量下降至33.79%时,种子萌发率降低至50%;当种子含水量进一步降低至25.73%时,其萌发率仅有6%。这表明蒲桃种子是脱水敏感性种子。此外,在7~9月的生境播种实验中,土壤表面的种子均未萌发,埋于土壤之中且浇水的蒲桃种子的出苗率也很低(31.5%)。综合而言,蒲桃种子对干燥脱水非常敏感,极可能是顽拗性种子;在夏季成熟后,散落的种子在高温与干燥胁迫下难以萌发,这可能是其生境缺失幼苗的重要原因之一。Seed is one of the important germplasm resources, and it is difficult to scientifically store them if desiccation tolerance of valuable seeds is not determined. To ascertain whether polyembryonic rose apple (Syzygium jambos) seeds were sensitive to drying and their suitable germination temperature for better preservation and utilization, this study conducted drying and germination experiments on mature rose apple seeds. The results showed that mature rose apple seeds had a high initial moisture content (50.15%) and germinated well at 30˚C and 30/20˚C, with germination percentages of 90% and 92%, respectively. However, the germination percentage was low (37%) at 35˚C. When seed moisture content decreased to 33.79% after drying, the seed germination percentage declined to 50%. When the seed moisture content further decreased to 25.73%, the germination rate was only 6%. It was inferred that rose apple seeds were sensitive to desiccation. In addition, the seeds sown on soil surface did not germinate at all in the habitat from July to September, and the seedling emergence rate of rose apple seeds that were buried and watered was very low (31.5%) in the habitat. Taken together, rose apple seeds are highly sensitive to drying, and are likely to be recalcitrant. After maturing in summer, dispersed seeds are difficult to germinate under high temperature and dry stress, which may be one of the important reasons for seedling deficiency in the habitat.
为了建立银杏‘渝成1号’硬枝扦插繁殖技术,本文研究了不同生根液和扦插基质对银杏‘渝成1号’扦插生根成苗的影响。结果表明:在3~6月份,以一年生枝条为插穗,用300 mg/L生根粉(ABT-1)配制的溶液处理插穗5 h后,插穗在营养土基质中的愈伤组织形成率、生根率、成活率分别是85%、72%和72%,这3个指标均高于其余三类基质的同类指标。据此认为,1年生枝条 + 300 mg/L ABT+ 5 h + 营养土的组合处理适用于银杏‘渝成1号’扦插苗的繁殖。To establish an effective propagation technology of hardwood branch cuttings of Ginkgo biloba ‘Chengyu No.1’, effects of different solutions and cutting substrates on rooting and seedling establishment were investigated in this study. The results showed that the cuttings from one-year-old branches were feasible after they were treated by 300 mg/L ABT-1 for 5 hours, and the callus formation rate, rooting rate, and survival rate of these cuttings in the substrate of nutrient soil were 85%, 72%, and 72%, respectively. These three indicators were higher than those of the other three types of cutting substrates. Thus, it was concluded that the combination of one-year-old cutting + 300 mg/L ABT-1 + 5 h + nutrient soil could be suitable for cutting propagation of G. biloba ‘Yucheng No.1’.
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