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Photocatalytic degradation of waste liquid from biomass gasification in supercritical water with simultaneous hydrogen production over CdS sensitized Na2Ti2O4(OH)2

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Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology V - 36th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, ICACC 201.

作者： Tang, Wendong Jing, Dengwei Guo, Simao Yin, Jiarong Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an ShaanXi 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781118205976

Photocatalytic water splitting by solar light and biomass gasification in supercritical water both are considered as the most promising routes for renewable hydrogen production. The waste liquid from biomass gasification in supercritical water contains various organic compounds which can act as electron donors in photocatalytic system. In the present work, we report the hydrogen production by the anaerobic photocatalytic reforming of waste liquid from biomass gasification in supercritical water over CdS sensitized Na 2Ti2O4 (OH)2 nanotubes, Various reaction parameters were investigated, such as different gasification temperature and the pH value of the reaction solution. It was demonstrated that gasification in supercritical water and photocatalytic water splitting can be coupled together.

关键词： Cadmium sulfide

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Experimental and kinetic study of auto-ignition in diluted methane-hydrogen fuel blends at elevated pressures

Experimental and kinetic study of auto-ignition in diluted m...

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9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 201.

作者： Zhang, Yingjia Jiang, Xue Zhang, Jiaxiang Wei, Liangjie Man, Xingjia Huang, Zuohua State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China

Ignition delay times were obtained behind the reflected shock waves for the diluted stoichiometric methane/hydrogen blends with hydrogen fractions of 20%, 60%, and 80%. Test temperatures from 980 K to 1.20 K and pressures from 0.5 to 2.0 MPa. Results show that increase in hydrogen fraction significantly promotes the ignition of fuel blends due to high activity of hydrogen. Pressure-dependence of auto-ignition for methane/hydrogen was observed in three ignition regimes (methane chemistry dominating ignition, combined chemistry of methane and hydrogen dominating ignition and hydrogen chemistry dominating ignition). An explanation of the interaction between chemistries of methane and hydrogen were given by fuel flux analysis using NUIG Mech C5-49.

关键词： Hydrogen

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Simulation study on boiler thermal system of a 600MW supercritical lignite-fired power plant based on GSE

Simulation study on boiler thermal system of a 600MW supercr...

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International Conference on power {1. 201., ICOPE 201.

作者： Han, Xiaoqu Ma, Huajie Xue, Zhaonan Yan, Junjie Chong, Daotong Wang, Jinshi State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jia Otong University Xi'an710049 China

In this paper, the boiler thermal system of a 600MW supercritical lignite-fired power plant was modeled and simulated with the application of GSE simulation software. The model was developed in Jtopmeret according to the structural features and divided into steam-water system, flue gas -air system, and direct-fired pulverizing system. Model simulations were implemented in SimExec. The outlet temperature of different devices and sections under BMCR and 75% THA conditions were compared with the reference data. The results show that the simulation model developed had high accuracy and reliability. Further simulations were carried out on the varied load. The boiler efficiency and flue gas extraction amount changed with the load.

关键词： Flue gases

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Solar receiver/reactor for hydrogen production with biomass gasification in supercritical water

Solar receiver/reactor for hydrogen production with biomass ...

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作者： Liao, Bo Guo, Liejin Lu, Youjun Zhang, Ximin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710049 China

A novel receiver/reactor driven by concentrating solar energy for hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass was designed, constructed and tested. Model compound (glucose) and real biomass (corncob) were successfully gasified under SCW conditions to generate hydrogen-rich fuel gas in the apparatus. It is found that the receiver/reactor temperature increased with the increment of the direct normal solar irradiation (DNI). Effects of the DNI, the flow rates and concentration of the feedstocks as well as alkali catalysts addition were investigated. The results showed that DNI and flow rates of reactants have prominent effects on the temperature of reactor wall and gasification results. Higher DNI and lower feed concentrations favor the biomass gasification for hydrogen production. The encouraging results indicate a promising approach for hydrogen production with biomass gasification in supercritical water using concentrated solar energy. © 201., Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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A new model of selective photothermolysis to aid laser treatment of port wine stains

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第3期58卷 416-426页

作者： LI Dong HE YaLing WANG GuoXiang WANG YongXian YING ZhaoXia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of AkronAkron 44325-3903USA Department of Dermatology Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University

Pulsed dye lasers equipped with cryogen spray cooling(CSC) are now widely used to treat vascular malformation such as port wine stains(PWSs).This paper presents a new integrated model that can quantitatively simulate the cooling of the skin and the heating of the targeted blood vessels in PWSs during laser *** new model is based on the classical homogeneous multi-layer skin model that treats PWS-containing dermis as a mixture of dermal tissue and homogeneously distributed *** propagation in skin and PWSs is simulated by a Monte-Carlo method,which provides accurate description of the light scattering and absorption in the *** response of a targeted vessel in the new model is then obtained from the thermal analysis of a Krogh-unit that consists of the vessel and the surrounding dermal tissues and is buried in *** results from the multi-layer skin model provide appropriate laser influence input as well as the initial thermal condition for the micro-model of the Krogh-unit.A general dynamic relation is also introduced on the surface of skin to quantify the convective cooling of *** model is then applied to dye-laser treatment(wavelength of 585 nm) of PWSs with *** results demonstrate that the present model is able to quantify thermal response of a deeply buried blood vessel in PWSs as a discrete blood vessel does,with a more realistically estimate of the sheltering effect of the dermal tissue(scattering) and blood vessels(absorption) in front of the targeted *** understand the poor response of PWSs in clinic,the thermal characteristics of a targeted vessel was simulated under various *** effects of two morphological parameters,the vessel diameter and the burying depth of the vessel,are then systematically investigated under various pulse durations and fluences of laser.A threshold fluence for given vessel diameter and depth is then estimated quantitatively under the condition of the optimal laser pulse durat

关键词：激光治疗仪 Monte-Carlo方法鲜红斑痣脉冲持续时间激光能量密度热作用皮肤组织集成模型

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Continuous hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water heated by molten salt flow: System development and reactor assessment

Continuous hydrogen production by biomass gasification in su...

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作者： Xiao, Peng Guo, Liejin Zhang, Ximin Zhu, Chao Ma, Shaohua State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaan Xi Province China

Hydrogen production by biomass gasification using solar energy is a promising approach for overcoming the drawbacks of fossil fuel utilization, but the storage of discontinuous solar flux is a critical issue for continuous solar hydrogen production. A continuous hydrogen production system by biomass gasification in supercritical water using molten-salts-stored solar energy was proposed and constructed. A novel double tube helical heat exchanger was designed to be molten salts reactor for hydrogen production. Model compounds (glycerol/glucose) and real biomass (corn cob) were successfully gasified in this molten salts reactor for producing hydrogen-rich gas. The unique temperature profiles of biomass slurry in the reactor were observed and compared with that of conventional electrical heating and direct solar heating approaches. Product gases yield, gasification efficiency and exergy conversion efficiency of the reactor were analyzed. The results showed that the performances of reactor were determined by feedstock style, biomass concentration, residence time and biomass slurry temperature profiles. © 201., Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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Synthesis of CdS/CNTs photocatalysts and study of hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting

Synthesis of CdS/CNTs photocatalysts and study of hydrogen p...

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作者： Wang, Xixi Liu, Maochang Chen, Qingyun Zhang, Kai Chen, Jie Wang, Meng Guo, Penghui Guo, Liejin International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China

A series of CdS and CdS/CNTs photocatalysts were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method and they were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-visible optical absorption spectra (UV-Vis), etc. By studying their photocatalytic properties, it is found that, for CdS, photocatalysts prepared in appropriate alkaline environment presented higher hydrogen production activity, reaching 794.6 μmol h-1.g-1.the photocatalytic activity of CdS was obviously enhanced by combining it with CNTs via a special two-step hydrothermal method, and the corresponding hydrogen production rate reached 1.771.mmol h-1.g -1.the photocatalytic activity was further improved by loading co-catalyst NiS, achieving 1..1. mmol h-1.g-1. © 201., Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cadmium sulfide

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ZnS/ZnO heterojunction as photoelectrode: Type II band alignment towards enhanced photoelectrochemical performance

ZnS/ZnO heterojunction as photoelectrode: Type II band align...

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作者： Guo, Penghui Jiang, Jiangang Shen, Shaohua Guo, Liejin International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China

Heterojunction structures are attracting lots of attention for enhancing the electron injection across the interface. The ZnS/ZnO one-dimensional heterojunction film was firstly prepared via a chemical sulfidization following hydrothermal reaction. The heterostructure was characterized as ZnS(blende)/ZnO(wurtzite) shell-core nanorods via XRD, SEM and TEM. A type II band alignment structure of ZnS/ZnO composite was synthesized via a temperate condition proved by PLS and XPS. The values for valence band offset (VBO) and conduction band offset (CBO) were calculated to be 0.96 eV and 1.25 eV, respectively. The special electron structure in the heterojunction helped reduce the energy barrier height at the interface and enhance the separation of photo-generated carriers. Thus, the photoelectrochemical performance was highly improved, and a photocurrent density of 380 μA/cm2 at 0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was obtained. © 201., Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heterojunctions

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Fabricating CdS/BiVO4 and BiVO4/CdS heterostructured film photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical applications

Fabricating CdS/BiVO4 and BiVO4/CdS heterostructured film ph...

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作者： Jiang, Jiangang Wang, Meng Li, Rong Ma, Lijing Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering International Research Center of Renewable Energy Xi'An Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of heterostructured CdS/BiVO 4 and BiVO4/CdS film electrodes on conducting glass for hydrogen production under visible light were investigated. These two types heterostructured film electrodes were prepared using spin coating method and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The structural analyses of the prepared films were determined by using XRD, SEM, EDX and UV-vis. Photoelectrochemical measurements were carried out in a convenient three electrodes cell with 0.5 M Na2SO3 aqueous solution. In order to investigate band gap influence of electrode PEC property, a series ITO/Cd1.xZn xS/BiVO4 and ITO/BiVO4/Cd1.xZn xS (x = 0 ∼ 1. film electrodes were also synthesized. After PEC test, a maximum photocurrent density from ITO/CdS/BiVO4 film electrode was confirmed. The maximum photocurrent density, 3 times and 1.3 times as that of single CdS film electrode and single BiVO4 film electrode, respectively. Incident photon to current conversion (IPCE) of as prepared film electrodes were measured and the value were 65% (ITO/CdS/BiVO 4), 22% (single CdS film) and 1.% (ITO/BiVO4/CdS) at 480 nm with 0.3 V external bias. Comparison with ITO/BiVO4/CdS electrode and single Cd1.xZnxS electrodes, the heterostructured ITO/CdS/BiVO4 electrode can effectively suppress photogenerated electron-hole recombination and enhance light harvesting. Therefore, the ITO/CdS/BiVO4 electrode gave the maximum photocurrent density and IPCE value. © 201., Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bismuth compounds

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Synthesis of uniform ZnO/ZnS/CdS nanorod films with ion-exchange approach and photoelectrochemical performances

Synthesis of uniform ZnO/ZnS/CdS nanorod films with ion-exch...

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作者： Jiang, Jiangang Wang, Meng Ma, Lijing Chen, Qingyun Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering International Research Center of Renewable Energy Xi'An Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China

The uniform ZnO/ZnS/CdS core-shell nanorod film was synthesized by a two-step ion-exchange method. The crystal structure, morphology, composition and optical property of as-prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray Detector (EDX) and UV-vis techniques. The results showed that the ZnO nanorod arrays can be used as sacrificial templates to synthesize uniform ZnS layer and further transform into CdS by simple ion-exchange approach. The CdS content in the films can be adjusted easily by changing the reaction temperature. The intimate contact between core and shell can be observed by high-resolution TEM image, which decrease the crystal boundary potential barrier and then facilitate the photogenerated charges transfer between the different phases. In this experiment, the ZnO/ZnS/CdS nanorod films were used in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production. And it is found that the film prepared at 70 C (first step) and 1.0 C (second step) gives a maximum photocurrent density and photo conversion efficiency. © 201., Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cadmium sulfide

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