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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Peng Gai, Zhongrui Zhang, Jinrui Rao, Qiong Tang, Sanli Shen, Yuanhui Pan, Ying Jin, Hongguang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The feasibility of a solar-driven chemical looping dry reforming of methane (DRM) process, which converts solar energy and methane into syngas via a looping material oxygen carrier is investigated experimentally. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments were firstly carried out to verify the effect of the Rh-doped LaCeO3.5 which were synthesized via modified Pechini method and incipient wetness method and the result shows that Rh greatly improved the reaction kinetics. Photo-TGA experiments were conducted to evaluate the light effect in chemical looping DRM. Under the light condition, the Rh-doped LaCeO3.5 shows higher methane conversion, oxygen extraction rate and CO selectivity compared with the undoped one, decreasing the apparent activation energy of the reaction at the same time. Insights obtained from the UV-Vis spectroscopy verified that the surface Rh under the light could promote the activation of surface methane species and increase the light absorbance. Meanwhile, the FEM methods were used to obtain the distributions of the temperature fields of the photo-TGA reactor through the calculation of the coupling of the fluid, reaction and temperature fields. In this way, the conversion mechanism of the solar, heating and chemical energy was illustrated and furthermore, the calculated surface reaction rate and the variation tendency of the outlet-gas were consistent with the experimental results. Through the integration of solar energy, a high methane to solar fuel conversion efficiency could be achieved. The proposed process has the potential to produce solar fuels at high efficiency with reduced carbon footprint. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Methane

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Photocatalytic desulfurization of gasoline by TiO2 coupling with ultrasonic

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Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao/Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2010年第4期38卷 428-433页

作者： Chen, Song-Xuan Zhao, Jing-Lian Su, Ci State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The photocatalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophen (DBT) in octance (as solvent) was conducted using O2 in air as the oxidant, TiO2 prepared by sol-gelatin method as the photocatalyst and coupling with ultrasonic. The effect of light distance, photocatalyst amount, reaction time, DBT initial concentration and ultasonic power on the removal of DBT were investigated deeply. The results show that the degradation rate of DBT increases by 1.% by using ultrasonic. Under the conditions of TiO2 dosage of 2 g/L, air {1. rate of 800 mL/min, distance of UV light of 20 cm, initial concentration of DBT of 600 mg/L, reaction time of 1.0 min, ultrasound power of 500 W, the degradation rate of DBT can reach up to 72.6%.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of Heat Transfer Performance During Electrospray Cooling with Ethanol-R1.1. Mixture

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Tian, Jiameng Kong, Lingwen Li, Bufa Wang, Junfeng Chen, Bin Xiong, Junhui School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China

Electrospray (ES) cooling that relies on Coulomb forces for energy-efficient liquid atomization is promising to meet the requirement of high-heat-flux thermal dissipation for micro-sized electronics under relative low... 详细信息

关键词： Ethanol

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Solution chemistry back‐contact FTO/hematite interface engineering for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第5期43卷 1247-1257页

作者： Karen Cristina Bedin Beatriz Mouriño Ingrid Rodríguez-Gutiérrez João Batista Souza Junior Gabriel Trindade dos Santos Jefferson Bettini Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Costa Lionel Vayssieres Flavio Leandro Souza The National Nanotechnology Laboratory(LNNANO) Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials(CNPEM)Campinas 13083‐970Brazil Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas(CCNH) Federal University of ABC(UFABC)Santo André09210580Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS) Rio Grande do SulBrazil International Research Center for Renewable Energy(IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina

This work describes a simple yet powerful scalable solution chemistry strategy to create back‐contact rich interfaces between substrates such as commercial transparent conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass(FTO)and photoactive thin films such as hematite for low‐cost water oxidation ***‐resolution electron microscopy(SEM,TEM,STEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),elemental chemical mapping(EELS,EDS)and photoelectrochemical(PEC)investigations reveal that the mechanical stress,lattice mismatch,electron energy barrier,and voids between FTO and hematite at the back‐contact interface as well as short‐circuit and detrimental reaction between FTO and the electrolyte can be alleviated by {1. the chemical composition of the precursor solutions,thus increasing the overall efficiency of these low‐cost photoanodes for water oxidation reaction for a clean and sustainable generation of hydrogen from PEC water‐*** findings are of significant importance to improve the charge collection efficiency by minimizing electron‐hole recombination observed at back‐contact interfaces and grain boundaries in mesoporous electrodes,thus improving the overall efficiency and scalability of low‐cost PEC water splitting devices.

关键词： Nanostructure Iron oxide Water oxidation Photoanode Surface engineering Chemical synthesis

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Experimental study of natural convection in horizontally-positioned open-celled metal foams

Experimental study of natural convection in horizontally-pos...

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International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy and Environment

作者： Z. G. XU Z. G. QU C. Y. ZHAO State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

ISBN: (纸本)9781612847498

Experimental study of air natural convection in horizontally-positioned copper metallic foams with open cells was conducted. Temperature distributions on the heating surface were tested under different heating power for foam samples having different porosities and pore densities. The effects of porosity and pore density on the total thermal resistance of the foam sample were quantified. It is found that the porous surface can enhance the natural convection and reduce the thermal resistance by about 20% in comparison with a smooth surface. The surface area density and mass {1. rate in natural convection are affected by porosity and pore density simultaneously. When the porosity is relative small (ε = 90%), there exits a critical value of the Gr number (turning point) for two pore densities (1.ppi and 40ppi). When the Gr number is less than this critical value, the foam with a higher pore density has the lower total thermal resistance, whereas when the Gr number exceeds the turning point value, the opposite holds. If the porosity is increased to ε = 95%, the foam with a higher pore density has the lower thermal resistance in the whole experimental range. When the porosity and pore density is the same, the foam with smaller size has the higher thermal resistance in the whole experimental range. If the size is relatively small (1.0×1.0×50mm), for the two pore densities studied (20ppi and 80ppi), there exits a critical value of the Gr number (turning point). The foam with a lower porosity (ε = 90%) has the lower thermal resistance and the decrease is more obvious for the case of 80ppi. If the size is relatively big(1.0×1.0×80mm), there exists a critical value of the Gr number (turning point) only for the case of 1.ppi. When the Gr number is less than this critical value, the foam with a higher porosity (ε = 95%) has the higher total thermal resistance, the opposite holds. While for the other two pore densities (20ppi and 40ppi), there is no turning point. The foam with

关键词： Metal foam Natural convection Porosity Pore density Thermal resistance

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Optimal heat transfer criterion and inclination angle effects on non-boiling regime spray cooling

Optimal heat transfer criterion and inclination angle effect...

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IEEE Symposium on Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management (SEMI-THERM)

作者： Yong-xian Guo Zhi-fu Zhou Jian-yuan Jia Shao-rong Zhou School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China Intel Asia-Pacific Research and Development Limited Shanghai China

Based on the maximum CHF (critical heat flux) criterion, an optimal heat transfer criterion, which is called H criterion, was proposed. Experimental apparatuses were conducted. Distilled water was used as the working fluid. Three different DANFOSS nozzles with cone angles being 54deg, 50deg and 54deg respectively were used to cool a 30times30 mm 2 square copper surface. Experimental results indicated that the volumetric fluxes were pro-portioned to P 0.5 , where P is the pressure drop across the nozzles. The optimal distance between the nozzles and the heated surface were derived. The results indicated that the optimal heat transfer appeared while the outside of the impellent thin spray film inscribed in the square heated surface. Based on the H criterion aforementioned, two DANFOSS nozzles of the three were used to study the temperature distribution of the heated surface experimentally while there were spray inclination angles. Distilled water was also used impacting on the 30times30 mm 2 square copper surface aforementioned and a circular heated copper surface with diameters being 30 mm respectively. The heat flux of the surface was kept in constant (about 26-35 W/cm 2 ). The inclination angles were 0deg, 1.deg, 20deg, 30deg, 40deg and 50deg respectively. Experimental results indicated that the grads of the temperature of the surface increases first and then decreases with the increase of the inclination angle.

关键词： Heat transfer Spraying Temperature Electronics cooling Coolants Heat engines Copper Uncertainty Water heating Space exploration

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fEffect of alkali and alkaline metals on gas formation behavior and kinetics during pyrolysis of pine wood

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Fuel 2021年 290卷

作者： Li, Jinhu Burra, Kiran G. Wang, Zhiwei Liu, Xuan Gupta, Ashwani K. The Combustion Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences WuhanHubei430074 China College of Environmental Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou450001 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

This study examines the acid and alkaline treatment of pine wood to help understand the effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) content on the pyrolysis behavior at different temperatures. Acid and alkali pretreatment of pine wood were conducted to modify AAEMs content by ion-exchanging method. Thermal kinetic behavior of the pretreated samples was first conducted by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at different heating rates that provided activation energies of pyrolysis. Gas formation behavior of the samples for different extents of conversion was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at two different temperatures of 823 K and 1.73 K. Evolutionary behavior of the gas components during pyrolysis, including flow rate, and yield and their energy content were measured and compared. Results showed that the values of activation energies increased with the extent of conversion for all the pretreated samples examined. The effect of AAEMs on pyrolysis behavior of biomass varied with the extent of conversion. The presence of AAEMs in biomass decreased the decomposition energy at low conversion while it greatly improved under high conversion. Besides, alkali treated sample with higher AAEM content enhanced the gas and char yield while it reduced the bio-oil production at low temperature with low conversion. However, at high temperature the opposite trend was observed. Presence of AAEMs was favorable for the generation of H2, CO, CO2 and CnHm at low temperature, while it showed an inhibition effect on CO and CnHm yield and syngas energy at high temperature. The catalytic mechanism of AAEMs on the pyrolysis behavior at different temperatures was discussed based on activation energy and gaseous formation. Results revealed decomposition of carboxylate at low temperature and formation of stable biomass-Na (BM-Na) structure at high temperature that led to the variation of activation energy and changed gaseous products yield and syngas energy. Acid washing pretreatment wa

关键词： Activation energy

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Conducting Polymers Meet Lithium-Sulfur Batteries:Progress,Challenges,and Perspectives

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第5期6卷 159-182页

作者： Xin Chen Chengcheng Zhao Kai Yang Shiyi Sun Jinxin Bi Ningrui Zhu Qiong Cai Jianan Wang Wei Yan Department of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery Department of Environmental EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK College of Arts College of Landscape Architecture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350108China Department of Chemical&Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted increased interest because of the high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental *** polymers(CPs),as one of the most promising materials used in Li-S batteries,can not only facilitate electron transfer and buffer the large volumetric change of sulfur benefiting from their porous structure and excellent flexibility,but also enable stronger physical/chemical adsorption capacity toward polysulfides(LiPSs)when doped with abundant heteroatoms to promote the sulfur redox kinetics and achieve the high sulfur *** review firstly introduces the properties of various CPs including structural CPs(polypyrrole(PPy),polyaniline(PANi),polyethylene dioxothiophene[PEDOT])and compound CPs(polyethylene oxide(PEO),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and poly(acrylic acid)[PAA]),and their application potential in Li-S ***,the research progress of various CPs in different components(cathode,separator,and interlayer)of Li-S batteries is systematically ***,the application perspective of the CPs in Li-S batteries as a potential guidance is comprehensively discussed.

关键词： conducting polymers Li-S batteries modified materials polysulfides

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The Advances of Post-combustion CO 2 Capture with Chemical Solvents: Review and Guidelines

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Energy Procedia 2014年 63卷 1339-1346页

作者： Xiaomei Wu Yunsong Yu Zhen Qin Zaoxiao Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road 710049 P.R. China

Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas that contributes to the global warming more than 60%. Carbon dioxide from power plants is one of the main sources. Therefore it is essential to reduce the CO 2 emission from power plant flue gas. Post- combustion carbon capture is the optimal choice in near-to meddle-term, since it does not need to change the configuration of the power plants essentially. Chemical absorption with amine-based solvents is currently the state-of-the-art technology for post- combustion carbon capture. This paper introduces the typical CO 2 amine absorption process and analyses the main problems during the absorption process. To make the process more efficient, several improvements were investigated: increasing gas-liquid contacting area, searching for new type of reactant, and dilution of the aqueous fraction with organic liquids. The present study aims to summarize the improvements in amine scrubbing process for CO 2 capture and forecast the promising research directions in the future.

关键词： CO 2 emission post-combustion capture chemical absorption absorbents

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Comprehensive Parameter Analyses on Steam-Air Condensation at Equal- Height-Difference Natural Circulation Loop Under Large Air Mass Fraction

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Weixiong Wang, Han Li, Sinian Kai, Hui Zhao, Quanbin Li, Shaodan Wang, Jinshi State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Missile Engineering College Rocket Force University of Engineering 710025 China Science and Technology on Thermal Energy and Power Laboratory Wuhan 2nd Ship Design and Research Institute Wuhan430205 China

With the development of small-sized reactors, a passive containment cooling system (PCCS) named equal-height difference natural circulation loop (EHDNCS) has been developed. Experiments were conducted at higher air mass fractions to evaluate the condensation heat transfer coefficient (HTC) as a function of steam-air mixture pressure, air mass fraction, and wall subcooling. The results indicate that the condensation HTC decreases with increasing air mass fraction and increases with increasing steam-air mixture pressure in the containment. The relationship between condensation HTC and air mass fraction gradually transitions from non-linear to linear as the steam-air mixture pressure increases. The condensation HTC increases with increasing wall subcooling;However, for air mass fractions greater than 75%, the condensation HTC remains nearly constant with changes in wall subcooling. A quantitative relationship between the condensation HTC and the height of the PCCS (sum of riser height and 0.5 times heat exchanger height) has been derived by calculating the cooling water flow driving force and resistance in the natural circulation loop. The applicable conditions for optimizing the riser height and the initial ratio of the riser to heat exchanger height to enhance the heat transfer {1. of the PCCS were proposed. Based on the experimental results, an empirical correlation equation for predicting the condensation HTC for PCCS with EHDNCS is established, with a prediction deviation within ±31.. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat exchangers

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