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Experimental research on the characteristics of steam-water counter-current flow in the Pressurizer Surge Line assembly

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Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 2018年 96卷 180-191页

作者： Jiangtao Yu Dalin Zhang Leitai Shi Zhiwei Wang Wenxi Tian G.H. Su S.Z. Qiu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 China Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 China

To investigate Counter-Current flow (CCF) characteristics in the Pressurizer Surge Line (PZR SL) assembly of the large advanced passive nuclear reactors, steam-water CCF experiments are carried out on a stainless steel test section, which is a 1.4 scaled-down model of the AP1.00 PZR SL assembly. The inner diameter of the test PZR SL pipe is 90 mm, which also belongs to the large-diameter pipes, as same as the prototype PZR SL pipe, in the field of Counter-Current flow Limitation (CCFL) researches. The present steam-water CCFL experiments are conducted under normal pressure and saturated temperature, with the PZR simulator collapse water level ranging from 350 to 900 mm. CCFL becomes severer at higher steam flow rate, and the most limiting CCFL effect locates between the PZR simulator bottom head and the vertical part of PZR SL pipe. The onset of CCFL and zero liquid penetration (ZP) are two critical conditions in the CCF development process, dividing the process into three stages: Before-CCFL, Partial-CCFL, and CCFL-ZP. According to the local CCFL conditions, the development of the CCFL process is also divided into four-regions since onset of CCFL. The present steam-water CCF data are well normalized in terms of dimensionless Kutateladze (Ku) numbers, and a Ku-type empirical partial CCFL correlation is developed. The comparisons of the present CCF data and partial CCFL correlation with the CCF data and correlations of former experiment researches validate that the present empirical partial CCFL correlation is conservative to predict steam-water partial CCFL in the prototype PZR SL assembly of the large advanced passive nuclear reactors.

关键词： Steam-water counter-current flow Partial CCFL correlation Pressurizer surge line assembly Advanced passive nuclear reactors ADS Automatic Depressurization System ADS1.3 First to Third Stages of ADS ADS4 Fourth Stage of ADS CCF Counter-Current flow CCFL Counter-Current flow Limitation CCFL-1 The 1.t grade of CCFL region CCFL-2 The 2nd grade of CCFL region CCFL-3 The 3rd grade of CCFL region CCFL-L Local CCFL at the T-junction of HL pipe and PZR SL pipe CCFL-S Local CCFL along the PZR SL pipe CCFL-U Local CCFL at the location between the PZR simulator bottom head and vertical part of PZR SL pipe CCFL-ZP Zero liquid penetration region or stage CMT Core Makeup Tank COCF Co-Current flow HL Hot Leg IRWST In-containment Refueling Water Storage Tank Ku Kutateladze PRHR Passive Containment Cooling System PWRs Pressurized Water Reactors PZR SL Pressurizer Surge Line RC Reactor Core RCS Reactor Coolant System RPV Reactor Pressure Vessel SBLOCAs Small-Break Loss-of-Coolant Accidents ZP zero liquid penetration

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Carbon Exergy Footprint to Evaluate the Greenhouse Impact of Operating Units

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Energy Procedia 2017年 105卷 3179-3184页

作者： Zhen Qin Xiaomei Wu Zaoxiao Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China

Increasingly serious global warming caused by greenhouse gases has urged more and more focus on the sustainability. Exergy and carbon footprint are generally considered as two separate indicators to assess the greenhouse effect and sustainability of industrial production. In this paper we propose carbon exergy footprint (CEF) for quantitatively associating carbon footprint with exergy to evaluate the greenhouse effect of operating units. The indicator synthesizes the advantages of exergy and carbon footprint. Specific physical meaning for this novel indicator is illustrated on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics and life cycle assessment. The process of water-gas shift is chosen as the case for elaborating the behavior of CEF. Results show that CEF is competent for the objective evaluation for the greenhouse effect of the operating units. Additionally, CEF also maintains consistency with the conventional exergy analysis in terms of sustainability.

关键词： Carbon exergy footprint operating unit greenhouse impact indicator

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Microwave-assisted synthesis of bimetallic NiCo-MOF-74 with enhanced open metal site for efficient CO 2 capture

Environmental Functional Materials

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Environmental Functional Materials 2022年第3期1卷 253-266页

作者： Changwei Chen Mohammadreza Kosari Meizan Jing Chi He State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi PR China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge Crescent 119260 Singapore Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing PR China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 PR China

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing two different inorganic metal nodes (known as bimetallic MOFs) could exhibit enhanced CO 2 adsorption compared to their monometallic counterparts. Herein, a series of bimetallic NiCo-MOF-74 synthesized by microwave-assisted method were investigated for CO 2 adsorption. It was revealed that narrow micropore channel with open metal site (OMS) of the bimetallic NiCo-MOF-74 influence CO 2 binding affinity and CO 2 /N 2 adsorption. The CO 2 uptake of Ni 1.Co 1.-MOF-74 at 0 °C and 1.bar (1.0 kPa) was 8.30 mmol g −1.which is higher than those of Ni-MOF-74 (3.99 mmol g −1.), Ni 6 Co 1.-MOF-74 (3.62 mmol g −1.), Ni 1.Co 6 -MOF-74 (6.40 mmol g −1.) and Co-MOF-74 (5.03 mmol g −1.). While this could be related to the high specific surface area of Ni 1.Co 1.-MOF-74, Ni 1.CO 2 -MOF-74 with relatively low specific surface areas still shows good CO 2 adsorption capacity up to 5.70 mmol/g, which is higher than those of adsorbents Ni-MOF-74, Ni 6 Co 1.-MOF-74 and Co-MOF-74, indicating that adsorption performance mainly relies on coordinated metals. Ni 1.Co 1.-MOF-74 showed remarkable recyclability performance, ranking selectivity of CO 2 /N 2 reach up to 34, and suitable isosteric heat (31.23 kJ mol −1.), manifesting a great probability for industrial CO 2 capture. As revealed, incorporated Ni 2+ /Co 2+ nodes within Ni 1.Co 1.-MOF-74, which are acting as active and open sites for CO 2 capture, led to the synergetic effects comprising of micropores as well as dense dual-metal sites.

关键词： Bimetallic metal–organic frameworks NiCo-MOF-74 Microwave-assisted synthesis Open metal site CO 2 capture

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Effect of Noble Metal in CdS/M/TiO ₂ for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light

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International Journal of Green Nanotechnology: Materials Science and engineering 2010年第2期1卷 M94-M104页

作者： Shen, Shaohua Guo, Liejin Chen, Xiaobo Ren, Feng Kronawitter, Coleman X. Mao, Samuel S. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 United States

The CdS/M/TiO 2 (M = Ag, Ru, Au, Pd, and Pt) three-component nanojunction systems were constructed using a two-step photodeposition method, and evaluated for their photocatalytic activities through the degradation of ... 详细信息

The CdS/M/TiO ₂ (M = Ag, Ru, Au, Pd, and Pt) three-component nanojunction systems were constructed using a two-step photodeposition method, and evaluated for their photocatalytic activities through the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The authors found that the photocatalytic activity of CdS/M/TiO ₂ (M=Ag, Ru, Au, Pd, Pt) three-component nanojunctions was superior to that of CdS/TiO ₂ two-component system. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the three-component nanojunction system was found to be dependent significantly on the type of the noble metals. The results can be explained by the influence of charge transfer on the basis of the work functions of different noble metals. © 201. Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： CdS/M/TiO 2 heterojunction noble metal photocatalysis Z-scheme

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Regulating Surface Terminals and Interlayer Structure of Ti3c2tx for Superior Nh3 Sensing

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Jiazheng Li, Yanqiong Zeng, Wen Bai, Bofeng Ren, Shan College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400030 China School of Electronic information & Electrical Engineering Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing400030 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

MXene materials have exhibited potential in electrochemistry, particularly in gas sensing, due to their excellent conductivity, large specific surface area of layered materials, and unique functional groups. However, the gas sensing performance of intrinsic 2D MXene materials is often limited by their fluorine-containing terminals and interfacial structure. In this study, based on intrinsic Ti3C2Tx, we employed alkali treatment and annealing to prepare oxygen-rich Ti3C2(OH)x/Ti3C2Ox with expanded interlayer spacing, achieving enhanced gas sensing performance for NH3. By utilizing the intercalation effect of layered materials and the synergistic effect of regulating MXene unique surface terminations, the sensing materials prepared have achieved optimization of surface chemistry and structural. Compared to intrinsic Ti3C2Tx, the interlayer spacing of oxygen-rich Ti3C2(OH)x/Ti3C2Ox increased from 9.1.Å to 1..1.Å. The surface terminations of oxygen-rich Ti3C2(OH)x/Ti3C2Ox have been defluorinated and oxygenated. The maximum response value of oxygen-rich Ti3C2(OH)x/Ti3C2Ox to NH3 was 35.66, approximately twice that of the original Ti3C2Tx at an NH3 concentration of 200 ppm. DFT (Density functional theory) calculations and DRIFT (In situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy) tests explained the interaction between the surface terminals and NH3, indicating good selectivity and sensitivity of oxygen-rich Ti3C2(OH)x/Ti3C2Ox to NH3. The results of this study demonstrate that the synergistic effects of surface chemistry and structural engineering are crucial for MXene to optimize the electrochemical performance, particularly the gas sensing performance. This provides a feasible approach for the performance optimization of intrinsic MXene materials. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxygen

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Influence of Bi3+ Doping on the Electrochemical Properties of Ti/Sb-Sno2/Pbo2 Electrode for Zinc Electrowinning

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wu, Jia Kang, Xuanqi Xu, Shuangwen Wei, Zhen Xu, Shangyuan Liu, Kang Feng, Qing Jia, Bo Wang, Yunhai Xían Taijin New Energy & Materials Sci-Tech CO. Ltd Xi’an710016 China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiao tong University Xi’an710049 China

Bi3+ doped Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 electrode materials were fabricated by electrodeposition to improve its electrochemical performance in zinc electrowinning. The surface morphology, chemical composition and hydrophilicity of the as-prepared electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle. The electrochemical measurement and the accelerate lifetime experiment are also conduct to investigate the electrocatalytic performance and stability of the electrodes. The results showed that Bi3+ modification electrode has an important effect on the coating morphology, crystal structure, surface hydrophilicity, electrocatalytic activity and stability. The electrode prepared from the solution containing 2 mmol·L-1.Bi(NO3)3 (marked as the Ti/Sb-SnO2/2Bi-PbO2 electrode) exhibits the best hydrophilicity performance (θ=21.6°) and the longest service life (1.96 h). During the electrochemical characterization analysis, the Ti/Sb-SnO2/2Bi-PbO2 electrode showed the highest oxygen evolution activity, which can be attributed to the highest electroactive surface (qT*=21.20 C·cm-2) and the best charge transfer efficiency. DFT calculation demonstrate that the doping of Bi lead to the decrease in the OER reaction barrier and increase the DOS of the electrode, which further enhanced the catalytic activity and conductivity of the electrode. Moreover, the simulated zinc electrowinning experiment demonstrate that the Ti/Sb-SnO2/2Bi-PbO2 electrode consume less energy than other electrodes. Therefore, it is expected that the Bi modified electrodes may become a very promising electrode material for zinc electrowinning in the future. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrophilicity

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Nuclear Thermal Coupling Optimization of Baffled Ntp Reactor

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Duan, Zimian Zhang, Jing Han, Zichao Wang, Mingjun Wu, Yingwei He, Yanan Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Siuzheng Su, Guanghui Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) technology has characteristics of high power and high specific impulse. In particular, CERMET fuel reactor has received a lot of research due to its simple form and structure. A general CERMET fuel reactor model is established by using three-dimensional Monte Carlo neutron dynamics program and commercial CFD program Fluent. After nuclear thermal coupling optimization, three partition schemes of baffled reactor were proposed to reduce the temperature difference between the wall and the coolant and lower the relative spike factor in the inner region. A feasible design of redundant control system was then proposed, with a cold clean excess reactivity greater than $3.44 and a minimum dry shutdown reactivity lower than -$5.95, where there was a high control accuracy of 6.7 pcm/mm. The reactor realized safety of the core temperature lower than 3000K under the conditions of total exit temperature of 2650K and thrust of 25000lb. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cermets

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Correlation Analysis for Online CO 2 Leakage Monitoring in Geological Sequestration

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Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 4374-4382页

作者： Denglong Ma Jianqiang Deng Zaoxiao Zhang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China

The paper presents a method for monitoring CO 2 leakage in geological carbon dioxide sequestration. The unsteady state dispersion of leakage CO 2 from geosequestration simulation results showed that the ensemble trend of elevated concentration caused by CO 2 leakage can be viewed as a concentration step change perturbation to the background variation and the initial stage of dispersion process is an increasing variation. The correlation between O 2 and CO 2 variation is well linear if there is no leakage. The external linear perturbation decreases the correlation coefficient. Moreover, too large step change concentration will also reduce the average correlation coefficient. Therefore, online correlation analysis between O 2 and CO 2 in atmosphere is useful to distinguish the leakage CO 2 from complex background variation especially at the beginning of leakage occurring.

关键词： Geosequestration Carbon storage CO 2 leakage monitoring Correaltion analysis

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Catalytic Gasification of Large Particle Size Biomass with Loaded Aaems Under Oxygen-Steam Atmosphere

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Jiyun Yang, Kaixuan Li, Yuhang Bai, Yang Jiang, Jiahao Huang, Xiaole Deng, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shanghai200240 China Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institue Co. Ltd. Xi’an710032 China

To evaluate the effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals species (AAEMs) on the catalytic gasification of large particle size biomass, a vertical fixed-bed reactor is conducted for candlenut wood gasification under the oxygen-stream atmosphere. The gasification chars derived from gasification are characterized by SEM, X-ray CT, BET, and FTIR. Tar and syngas are analyzed via GC-MS and GC respectively. Advanced X-ray CT technology provides beneficial visualization to assist in the interpretation of the catalytic gasification of large particle size biomass loaded with AAEMs. The results indicate a progressive augmentation of AAEMs content along the radial direction and end surface for all loaded samples and gasification chars, which could also be visualized from the 3D reconstruction of X-ray CT. Many large pores (40-60 μm) aligned along the grain direction collapse after gasified and generate numerous micropores in gasification chars. 1.-20 μm pores are more prominent in chars loaded with KCl and CaCl2. The char loaded with CaCl2 has more well-developed pores, a larger specific surface area, and -OH compounds, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. The addition of AAEMs facilitates the high generation of M1.compounds (contains 1.benzene ring) in the tar and suppresses the enhancement of other compounds, M4 compounds, and long-chain alkanes. H2 and CO concentrations augments and declines by loading AAEMs. The highest H2 concentration of 62.1. is detected by the addition of CaCl2. When loaded with KCl, the syngas calorific value reduces by 1.37%, while loaded with NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 show an augmentation of 1..48%, 1..56%, and 2.55%, respectively. A decrement of CnHx concentration in syngas derived from samples loaded with KCl and MgCl2 and an increment one loaded with NaCl and CaCl2 are acquired. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxygen

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Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient of CO 2 Absorption in a Diameter-varying Spray Tower

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Energy Procedia 2017年 114卷 1665-1670页

作者： Xiaomei Wu Min He Yunsong Yu Zhen Qin Zaoxiao Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China

The application of spray towers for CO 2 capture is a development trend in recent years. However, most of the previous jobs were conducted in a cylindrical tower by using a single spray nozzle, whose configuration and performance is not good enough for industrial application. To solve this problem, the present work proposed a diameter-varying spray tower and a new spray mode of dual-nozzle opposed impinging spray to enhance the absorption performance of CO 2 spray absorption process. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of varies operating parameters on the overall mass transfer coefficient in various operating conditions. Experimental results showed that liquid to gas ratio and mole ratio of MEA to CO 2 are key factors which affect the performance of CO 2 absorption process and the maximum overall mass transfer coefficient for the diameter-varying dual-nozzle opposed impinging spray tower is 0.4773 kmol·m -3 ·h -1.·kPa -1..

关键词： CO 2 capture diameter-varying spray tower overall mass transfer coefficient absorption performance

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