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Construction of a Transient Multi-Physics Model of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fed by Biomass Syngas Considering the Carbon Deposition and Temperature Effect

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhu, Pengfei Yao, Jing Wu, Zhen Huang, Si-Min Abu Mansor, Mohd Radzi Yang, Fusheng Zhang, Zaoxiao School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Distributed Energy Systems Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan523808 China Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor43600 Malaysia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow for Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Carbon deposition is a thorny issue for the SOFC fueled by low carbon hydrocarbons such as biomass syngas. Moreover, long-term large temperature gradients would reduce SOFC durability. Regarding these two issues, a two dimensional transient multi-physical model considering carbon deposition and temperature effect is developed for SOFC in this work. Typically due to the carbon deposition, the SOFC anode porosity decreases from 0.5 to 0.26, and the reaction activity decreases from 1.0 to about 0.45 after running 1.0 day. Accordingly, the current density decreases by 1.6 % at t =42 d and 6% at t =1.0 d, which indicates the damage of SOFC durability compared to the durability target (1./1.00h) of commercial SOFC. The maximum temperature difference of the cell is predicted to be about 1.6 o C. It was found that the carbon deposition and large temperature gradient are closely related to the operating parameters. With the increase of operating voltage from 0.4 V to 0.8 V, the porosity and reaction activity respectively increase by 50% and 55%, and the maximum temperature difference is reduced from 1.0 o C to 1. o C after running 1.0 day. The increase of the inlet temperature could improve the overall temperature and decrease the porosity. Besides, the reduction in the ratio of CH 4 to H 2 O helps to suppress carbon deposition, thus to improving the performance. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)

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Driving with Clean Footprint: Biodiesel Application and Sustainable Development of the Transportation Sector in China

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Chuangbin Deng, Chenchen Zhang, Bo Yang, Song Centre for Southeast Asia Studies Shantou University Guangdong Shantou City515063 China Jinhe Center for Economic Research Xi’an Jiaotong University Xianning West Road Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China

The advancement of global endeavors to mitigate climate change significantly hinges upon developments within China's transportation sector. This study presents a pioneering examination of the pivotal role of biodiesel as a renewable energy source, accentuating its substantial contributions to China's ambitious objectives of attaining carbon neutrality and reaching the peak of carbon dioxide emissions. Employing the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System, we formulate five distinct scenarios encompassing the prevailing trend, the promotion of B5 (5% biodiesel blend) and B1. (1.% biodiesel blend), China's existing policy framework, policies embraced by the European Union, as well as alternative biofuels. Our analysis reveals that all scenarios exhibit varying degrees of CO2 emissions reduction by the year 2040. The third scenario, driven by China's informal environmental participation, tax incentives, and supportive policies, yields noteworthy outcomes, albeit less substantial in comparison to the EU policy scenario. The B5-B1. scenario presents a more significant reduction in CO2 emissions, although it proves to be less effective in addressing other pollutant emissions in contrast to the alternative biofuel scenario. Furthermore, the adoption of B5-B1. fuels also carries significant economic advantages, with projected emissions reductions amounting to 1.1. trillion yuan (approximately 0.1. trillion dollars) by 2030. Overall, our findings underscore the global implications of China’s low-carbon transportation strategy. The mutually advantageous interactions between formal environmental policies, informal public engagement, and lessons derived from the European Union's policies collectively shape the sustainable development of China's transportation sector. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Integrated analysis of lncRNAs expression profiling in systemic lupus erythematosus

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2024年第2期4卷 119-121页

作者： Fen Zhang Guifang Zhao Yujie Bu Xing Cen Rong Zhao Fengwu Chen Shengxiao Zhang Junwei Chen Department of Rheumatology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina

To the Editor,Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic autoimmune disease with serious harm to human health and various clinical manifestations,which is characterized by over-activity of lymphocytes,production of autoantibodies,and effects on multiple organs.1.So far,the pathogenesis of SLE remains unclear;it is believed that genetic,environmental,infectious,and other factors participate in the pathogenesis of *** the gradual in-depth study of transcriptomics,genetic factors may be the root cause of SLE,2 and epigenetics plays an important role in genetic factors of SLE.3 Epigenetics means heritable changes in gene expression without shifting the DNA *** principal mechanisms of epigenetic regulation include histone modification,DNA methylation,and regulation of noncoding *** the past,studies of transcriptomics mainly focused on protein-coding ***,protein-coding genes that encode exons account for 1.5%of the genome,and genes without protein-coding capability account for more than 80%of the human genome.4 Therefore,studies of transcriptomics began to pay attention to long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),which play key roles in transcription control,posttranscriptional processing,protein metabolism,immune cell differentiation,and immune responses.5 However,knowledge of related lncRNAs in SLE remains limited.

关键词： lupus erythematosus organs

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Spatial Heterogeneity of Point Defect Properties in Refractory Multi-Principal Element Alloy with Short-Range Order: A First-Principles Study

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Shi, Tan Lyu, Sixin Su, Zhengxiong Wang, Yunpeng Qiu, Xi Sun, Dan Xin, Yong Li, Wenjie Cao, Jiang Peng, Qing Li, Yuanming Lu, Chenyang School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The short-range order is inherently present in the multi-principal element alloys and has a profound impact on the defect behaviour. The effect of short-range order on vacancy and interstitial formation and migration was studied in body-centered cubic multi-principal element alloy NbZrTi by first-principles calculations. Two short-range order structures created by density functional theory and Monte Carlo method at 500 K and 800 K were compared with the random solid solution structure. Both vacancy and interstitial formation energies increase with the degree of short-range order. Point defect formation energies tend to be higher in region enriched in Nb and lower in region enriched in Zr and Ti. Both vacancies and interstitials prefer to migrate towards Zr,Ti-rich regions and away from Nb-rich regions, suggesting that Zr,Ti-rich region can act as recombination center for point defect annihilation. Compared to the random solid solution, the short-range order increases the spatial heterogeneity of point defect energy landscape. Tuning the degree of short-range order can be a viable strategy to optimize the point defect behaviour to achieve enhanced radiation resistance in multi-principal element alloys. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Rationally Engineered Reox-Cuso4/Tio2 Catalyst with Superior Nh3-Sco Efficiency and Remarkably Boosted So2 Tolerance: Synergy of Acid Sites and Surface Adsorbed Oxygen

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yu, Yanke Wei, Desheng Tong, Zhaojian Wang, Jinxiu Chen, Jinsheng He, Chi Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China

Ammonia (NH3) is a critical component causing environmental problems like haze and water pollution. Selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO) to N2 and H2O is a promising method to abate NH3 emission. However, inferior SO2 tolerance is still a tremendous challenge to be conquered for present NH3-SCO catalysts regarding practical applications. Application of materials which was difficult to be sulfated by SO2 should be an effective pathway to solve this problem. Here, a ReOx-CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst which coupled the advantages of ReOx (Rhenium oxides, supplying highly active adsorbed surface oxygen for enhancing NH3-SCO reaction) and CuSO4 (providing Brønsted acid sites for inhibiting the formation of N2O) was rationally fabricated. Results indicated that ReOx-CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst performed excellent catalytic performance in NH3-SCO with almost 1.0% of NH3 oxidized at 300 °C (N2 selectivity as high as 96%). Crucially, the composite catalyst exhibited incredible activity and stability under harsh reaction conditions toward SO2 (600 ppm) and H2O (4.0 vol.%) owing to the superior inhibition capability for SO2 adsorption. In situ DRIFTS, in situ Raman and in situ XPS demonstrated that the NH3-SCO reaction over ReOx-CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst mainly obeyed a N2H4 reaction mechanism and oxidation-reduction circle between Re7+ and Re6+ played a vital role. In addition, SO2 would not affect this reaction mechanism on ReOx-CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst. The knowledge and understanding reported could provide critical insights for the design and optimization of efficient materials for industrial NH3 oxidative elimination. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ammonia

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Driving with Clean Footprint: Biodiesel Application and Sustainable Development of the Transportation Sector in China

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SSRN 2023年

关键词： Sustainable development

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Experimental Study on Fragmentation Characteristics of Molten Stainless Steel Discharged into Liquid Lbe Pool

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Fan, Shuowang Chen, Yutong Zhang, Dalin Deng, Jian Zhang, Xisi Wu, Xiaoli Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co. Ltd 29 Hongcao Road Shanghai200233 China Nuclear Power Institute of China 328 Changshun Avenue Chengdu610213 China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing611731 China

The LFR is a candidate for the Generation-IV nuclear systems, where the process of MFCI differs from that occurred in LWRs and SFRs. In the absence of experimental study and widely applied theoretical models for LFRs, experiments on the interaction between molten SS and liquid LBE are conducted in this study under eight conditions. The morphological characteristics and fragment sizes of the products are analyzed based on the hydrodynamic effect parameter (We) and thermal effect parameter (Tic). Simplified thermal fragmentation models are established, where the innermost layer of the solidified shell is subjected to the maximum tangential compressive stress, while the outermost layer is subjected to the maximum tangential tensile stress. As the shell thickness increases, the total tangential stress of the outermost layer decreases. The fragmentation will occur when the maximum tangential stress on the shell exceeds the shell tensile strength. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Light-Enhanced Thermochemical Production of Solar Fuels from Methane Via Nickel-Based Redox Cycle

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Mingkai Zhang, Jinrui Yang, Tianlong Rao, Qiong Gai, Zhongrui Zhao, Jianxiong Pan, Ying Su, Dong Jin, Hongguang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 710049 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Thermochemical methane reforming driven by solar energy is one of the efficient ways to store the renewable energy and to simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emission. We report reaction reactivity of steam reforming of methane using nickel-based oxygen carrier driven by pure thermal heating and direct light irradiation in the same reactor. We find that the light-driven steam methane reforming system show improved conversion and reaction rate compared to that driven by pure thermal heating. We observed that illuminated NiO/NiAl2O4 achieved the same methane conversion rates and the H2 production rate comparable to those obtained on the same samples operated with only a thermal energy input, but at temperatures up to ~50 K lower. Based on in situ diffuse reflectance Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) experiments, we postulate that light on the nickel oxide surface act to activate CH4 desorption and facilitate CHxO species evolution. By the combined effects of selection of chemical looping reactions and operation conditions, the solar-to-fuel efficiency of 1.% was achieved. The results showcase the design of more energy-efficient chemical processes with a significant fraction of energy input provided in the form of direct sunlight irradiation as a potent pathway that can complement extremely high-temperature thermochemistry efforts in the quest for more efficient solar fuel production. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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The Interaction and Activation of Fe2o3/Ceo2 Oxygen Carrier in Chemical Looping Dry Reforming of Methane

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Jinrui Liu, Xiaozhi Pan, Yue Wang, Yuhan Yang, Tianlong Li, Peng Shen, Yuanhui Su, Dong Pan, Ying Jin, Hongguang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University 710049 China

Chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CL-DRM) holds great promise for both CO2 utilization and syngas production with high efficiencies. The structure and component of oxygen carriers (OCs) are critical factors that influence the CL-DRM performances, such as reaction activity and production selectivity. Incorporating CeO2 is known to enhance the reactivity and stability of Fe2O3 for chemical looping reforming. However, the underlying mechanism of how CeO2 synergistically interact with Fe2O3 to enhance performances is still not clear. In this work, we comparatively investigate CeO2 supported Fe2O3 OCs in interfacial and physical Fe-Ce contact modes. The OC with sol-gel method achieves 80% CH4 conversion and 96% CO selectivity, significantly improved from OC with the mechanically mixed sample. Additionally, we found a strong interaction between Fe2O3 and CeO2 components, resulting in the formation of CeFeO3 after the first cycle. Our in-situ environmental transmission electron microscopy study shows that the Fe2O3-CeO2 interaction promotes the oxygen release during the reduction. Iron exhibited significant activity with ceria under CO2, dissolving into CeO2 lattice and forming CeFeO3. Density function theory results suggest that the improved reactivity of Fe2O3/CeO2 OC results from the enhanced oxygen ion migration in CeFeO3 © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sol-gels

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Degradation of Polystyrene to Aromatic Oils with Nio@C Catalyst in Supercritical Co2

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Yanbing Mao, Liuhao Kang, Xing Li, Yi Zhao, Qiuyang Jin, Hui Meng, Wei Shi, Jinwen Guo, Liejin International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 West Xianning Road Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Dark Tea and Jin-Hua Departmet of Material & Chemical Engineering Hunan City University 518 East Yingbin Road Hunan Yiyang413000 China

One of the most promising ways to dispose of plastic pollution in the future is chemical recycling of plastic, and in particular supercritical fluids with excellent fluidity and transferability have shown great attraction in the disposal of plastic. Herein, catalytic degradation of polystyrene (PS) plastic in supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) was realized with high yield of aromatic oils. NiO with simple preparation process, and high catalytic activity and stability in Sc-CO2 was doped with carbon material to prepare NiO@C catalyst with improved catalytic performance. Compared with NiO, NiO@C catalyst had rich porous structure and strong acidic sites, resulting in higher catalytic activity. The NiO@C catalyzed degradation of PS in Sc-CO2 yielded aromatic oils as high as 89.3 ± 0.6 wt% at 300oC with a reaction time of 2 h and a catalyst loading amount of 1. wt%. Moreover, the NiO@C catalyst degraded PS in Sc-CO2 for three cycles without obvious change in the catalytic performance. Sc-CO2 not only played a favorable role in swelling PS, but also inhibited the formation of coke, beneficial for the degradation of PS. Furthermore, CO2 was be consumed as an oxidant to generate new products and reduce greenhouse gas emission. The highly efficient catalytic conversion of PS to aromatic oils in Sc-CO2 via NiO@C catalyst provides a potential route for simultaneously recycling plastic and sequestering carbon. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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