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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Yang Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Wei, Lei Hu, Chengzhi Liu, Xinyu Gao, Shuai Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116023 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Improving the poor performance of lithium-ion battery (LIB) in extreme temperatures is essential to promoting electric vehicles (EVs) into wider application. The most severe challenge for the existing battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) is to overcome the contradiction between excellent heat dissipation at high temperatures and effective insulation at low temperatures. Here, we propose a zero-energy nonlinear temperature control strategy based on thermal regulator. The designed thermal regulator based on shape memory alloy (SMA) can switch the heat flux on the battery surface according to its temperature without any power supply or logic control and provide the desirable thermal functions. This thermal regulator increases the battery capacity by 55.44% in the cold environment of -20℃ compared to the baseline BTMS with superior heat dissipation. Simultaneously, it can limit the battery peak temperature to near the FS49 boiling point (49℃) in the hot environment of 45℃ to ensure safety. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the thermal regulator enables thermal runaway to be effectively suppressed inside the battery, reducing the emission of combustible or toxic gases by 72.26%, which is reported for the first time. Finally, we simplify the design of the thermal regulator from the perspective of system integration and demonstrate the feasibility of the thermal regulator at the battery pack level. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Thermal Management for the Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Pack by Immersion Cooling with Fluorinated Liquid

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SSRN 2024年

In this study, a novel FS49-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) was proposed and tested for cooling the prismatic lithium-ion battery (LIB) module. The boiling of dielectric refrigerant occurred at the battery surface, which provided strong and uniform cooling for each battery cell. The results show that the peak temperature difference of liquid immersion cooling (LIC) module during 1. rate discharging and charging was reduced by 91.3% and 94.44%, respectively, compared to the natural convection (NC) module. The reduction of temperature nonuniformity greatly reduced the state of charge (SOC) inhomogeneity of different cells within the module. Moreover, the energy density of LIC module can be optimized by reducing the cell spacing and liquid filling ratio. Comparing with 1.0% filling rate, the module maximum temperature corresponding to 25% filling rate (with wick) during 2C rate discharging is only increased by 1.6°C, however, the module peak temperature difference is reduced by 53.3%, and the energy density is increased by 1..1.%. In addition, Equivalent circuit model (ECM) and volume of fluid (VOF) model were used to simulate the LIC module, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. This study provides a systematic design plan and numerical method for the {1. application of LIC in the field of BTMS. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Thermodynamic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy System Coupling Solar Organic Rankine Cycle and Ground Source Heat Pump: Exploring Heat Cascade Utilization

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chen, Liangqi Yue, Huifeng Wang, Jiangfeng Lou, Juwei Wang, Shunsen Guo, Yumin Deng, Bohao Sun, Lu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China China United Northwest Institute for Engineering Design & Research Co. Ltd Xi’an710077 China School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The demand for efficient utilization of renewable energy is growing and the hybrid energy system driven by solar and geothermal energy is a significant way to achieve carbon neutrality. This paper presents a hybrid energy system coupling solar organic Rankine cycle (S-ORC) with ground source heat pump (GSHP) for heating and power supply to explore the heat cascade utilization. In the hybrid energy system, the ground heat exchanger (GHE) is shared by the S-ORC and GSHP systems and the waste heat from the condenser of S-ORC is recovered to enhance the coefficient of performance (COP) of GSHP. A mathematical model is optimized to analyze the parametric effects on thermodynamic performance. The results indicate that the COP of the hybrid energy system can be improved up to 6.5 which shows the obvious advantage compared to 2.8 of the stand-alone GSHP system. Furthermore, the hybrid energy system can obtain optimum exergy efficiency by matching ground source temperature and condensation temperature in the ORC unit. For a building of 3000m2 with heating and power supply, multi-objective optimization is carried out to obtain the optimal design performance that the net power output, thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are 1.0.0kW, 27.5%, and 9.2% respectively. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geothermal heat pumps

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Thermal management performance and optimization of a hybrid system integrating liquid cooling and fin-enhanced phase change material for large-capacity energy storage battery pack

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Energy Conversion and Management 2025年 336卷

作者： Lin, Xiang-Wei Zhou, Zhi-Fu Liu, Maochang Chen, Bin Lu, You-Jun Jing, Deng-Wei Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Battery energy storage systems become increasingly important to address the intermittency of renewable energies, but their widespread adoption is still hindered by thermal concerns. However, a single thermal management strategy cannot ensure the overall performance of energy storage battery systems. In this study, a hybrid strategy combining topological fin structure, phase change material, and active liquid cooling is established for 280 Ah lithium-ion battery pack. A fluidic-thermal-phase change coupled model is built and verified experimentally. Meanwhile, a novel comprehensive evaluation parameter is defined to feature the overall performance of thermal management system. Based on this, comparative investigations are conducted to assess the efficiency of three cooling strategies. Despite additional weight caused by hybrid design, topological fin structure not only constructs the thermal conduction in phase change material but also dissipates the accumulated heat by connecting cold plate. Additionally, the impacts of fin fraction, thickness of phase change material, and inlet velocity are systematically explored using single-factor analysis. Furthermore, a surrogate-based model is utilized to reveal the interactions between design parameters and system performance, while accomplishing a global optimization. In contrast to original design, comprehensive evaluation parameter is reduced by 0.21., 0.273, 0.256, and 0.2 for discharge rates of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1., respectively. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Battery storage

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Revised control strategy for coal-fired power plants during transient processes considering heat transfer deterioration of cooling wall: Flexibility enhancement and security operation

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International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年 251卷

作者： Dengliang Wang Yongliang Zhao Wei Gao Weixiong Chen Chaoyang Wang Junjie Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

The increasing integration of intermittent renewable energy sources has heightened the need for enhanced deep peaking and operational flexibility within thermal power plants. This trend poses an enormous threat to the safe operation of boilers, especially cooling wall, underscoring the critical importance of scrutinizing the thermo-hydraulic performance of cooling walls during transient operations. In this study, a 1.00 MW ultra-supercritical thermal power plant is used as the research object. A comprehensive one-dimensional dynamic model of the cooling wall is devised, grounded in fundamental principles encompassing mass conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation, state, metal heat storage, and heat transfer Equations. The analysis yields temperature distributions of the working fluid, inner wall, and outer wall along the height direction of the cooling wall, unveiling instances of dry-out phenomenon during load cycling processes. The investigation reveals that heat transfer deterioration stands out as a primary factor behind intermittent fluctuations in metal wall temperatures. At load cycling rates of 2.5% Pe/min and 3.0% Pe/min, the maximum temperatures of the metal tube wall during the loading up process surge to 527.9°C and 557.3°C, respectively. Furthermore, a revised control strategy is proposed based on the identified heat transfer deterioration characteristics of the cooling wall. Notably, during the loading up process, the peak wall temperature is substantially curtailed from 557.3°C to 502.2°C at a rate of 3.0% Pe/min. This strategic adjustment results in an augmented maximum power ramp rate, escalating from 2.5% Pe/min to 3.0% Pe/min, upon the adoption of the revised control strategy.

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Thermophysical property prediction of supercritical multiple mixtures fluid by molecular dynamics simulation

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 432卷

作者： Gui, Tete Li, Jiasunle Ge, Zhiwei Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Supercritical multiple mixtures (H2O/CO2) fluids are produced in the poly-generation system based on supercritical water gasification (SCWG). Understanding the thermophysical property of supercritical multiple mixtures fluid is rather essential to design and industrialize the poly-generation system. At present, the selection of force field models for H2O/CO2 mixtures are rather complicated, chaotic and inconsistent, the calculation of each parameter necessitates the use of one force field model. There is no universal force field model to calculate and conduct thermophysical property of H2O/CO2 at one time in a wide range of temperature within SCW. In this paper, heat capacity, viscosity and thermal conductivity of multiple mixtures in supercritical and near-critical water (575 K–1.75 k) are first investigated via a novel common force field model with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The effects of different factors including the pressure, temperature and CO2 mass fraction on thermophysical properties of H2O/CO2 at a wide range of temperature were first analyzed and conducted in detail. The calculated results indicate that the phenomenon "critical point drift" for viscosity and thermal conductivity of H2O/CO2 mixtures migrating toward the low temperature region occurs. The drift values of viscosity and thermal conductivity are about 1. K and 28 K. The variation of heat capacity and viscosity of H2O/CO2 mixtures increases with increasing pressures only in low temperatures region (700 K-–800 K), while the thermal conductivity always increases with increasing pressures. When the mass fractions of CO2 increases from 20 % to 40 % and 60 %, the drift values for thermal conductivity and viscosity of H2O/CO2 mixtures decreases from 628 K to 624 K and 620 K, and from 627 K to 61. K and 61. K, respectively, and the peak heat capacity decreases from 64.9 J/mol·K to 52.4 J/mol·K and 45.1.J/mol·K. The fitting polynomial to determine conductivity, viscosity and heat capacity H

关键词： Temperature distribution

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Pattern and Dynamics of Methane/Water Two-Phase flow in Deep-Shale Illite Nanoslits

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Rui Yang, Xu Li, Gao Zheng, Wenxiu Zou, Zhenhai Sun, Chengzhen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Chengdu610500 China Air and Missile Defense College Air Force Engineering University Shaanxi Xi’an710051 China Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute Wuhan430202 China

Developing deep shale gas is crucial for the sustainable development of unconventional energy sources. Deep shale has a high illite content, and understanding the structure and flow behaviors of methane and water coexisting in deep shale illite nanoslits is essential for methane transport and production in deep shale reservoirs. Here, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the methane and water flow characteristics in slit-shaped illite nanopores. The effects of water saturation, acceleration, and pore size on two-phase flow are elucidated. The results show that water molecules preferentially adsorb on the surface of the illite channel. As the water saturation increases, the water phase gradually forms a water film, water bridge, and water lock, ultimately creating methane nanobubbles surrounded by the water phase. The existence of the water phase compresses the methane flow space. With increasing water saturation, the peak methane density near the channel wall gradually disappears, and the density distribution curves show parabolic shapes. The methane flow flux decreases with the increase of water saturation, mainly when the water saturation increases from 0% to 40%. In illite slits with pore sizes ranging from 2 to 4 nm, the flow rates of water and methane increase with increased pore size. These results are expected to provide insights into developing deep shale gas reservoirs, such as optimizing hydraulic fracturing design and reliably predicting production performance. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Methane

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Aeroderivative Gas Turbine and Composite Sco2 power Cycle Integrated System: Towards Large-Scale Gas-to-power Efficient Conversion

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jiang, Yuemao Wang, Shunsen Su, Wen Li, Bo Wang, Zhe State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Energy Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China National Center for International Research of Subsea Engineering Technology and Equipment Dalian Maritime University Dalian116026 China

power-to-Gas is proving to be an effective means of storing electricity from renewables on a large scale. Nevertheless, there is yet to be a clear technical route for large-scale hydrogen-enriched gas conversion into electricity (Gas-to-power). This paper proposed a novel integrated power system consisting of an aeroderivative gas turbine and a composite supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycle. In addition, a new evaluation indicator based on exergy was also proposed to reveal the real waste heat recovery capacity and select the sCO2 cycles. After that, a comprehensive energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and environment (4E) analysis and global parametric studies were conducted for the integrated system. Finally, an entropy-based TOPSIS decision-maker was combined with the tri-objective optimization algorithm for the combined cycle integrated design. Thermodynamic optimization results show that, unlike the thermal efficiency, the exergy efficiency of the partial heating sCO2 cycle of 48.3% is higher than that of the recuperated one. With the exhaust gas carrying 21. of fuel exergy, the total exergy recovery efficiency is 51.7%, and the fuel efficiency of the integrated system is over 50%. As for the exergoeconomic, the combustor alone is responsible for 77.1. of the total exergy destruction, the initial cost of the bottoming cycle is less than half that of the gas turbine, and the high-pressure turbine has the highest exergoeconomic factor of 91.5%. The key parameters of the gas turbine significantly influence the performance of the sCO2 cycle and the integrated system 4E performance. There is an optimal gas turbine inlet temperature of about 1.00 K to minimize the LCOE. After the multi-objective integrated optimization, the overall efficiency, LCOE, and specific gas emissions are 50.2%, 7.8 cents/kWh, and 396.8 g/kWh, respectively, which are all higher than those from optimizing the bottoming cycle alone. It is considered that the technical solutions and research results

关键词： Gas turbines

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Preparation and Application of Red Mud-Based Zero-Valent Iron Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst: A New Idea for Red Mud Recycling

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Hang Shi, Bofang Fu, Xiaojie Zhang, Haowen Yang, Honghui Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

As an abundant hazardous waste, red mud needs a simple and effective mean of resource utilization. Herein, a novel zero-valent iron heterogeneous Fenton catalyst RMB-900 was synthesized by pyrolysis (900°C) using red mud and straw with a facile solvent-free carbothermal redox approach. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that Fe2O3 in the red mud was reduced to Fe0. Characterization data showed that RMB-900 was a zero-valent iron loaded porous material. Under the conditions of 2.86 mM H2O2, 1.0 mg/L acid red G, and 1.g/L RMB-900, 98% of acid red G was removed within 1. min, the reaction rate constant is 6.7 folds higher than that of commercial zero-valent iron. The RMB-900/H2O2 system also showed good degradability to antibiotics (Sulfamethoxazole, Ibuprofen and Carbamazepine). H2O2 is mainly catalysed by Fe0 in RMB-900 to generate •OH for ARG degradation. RMB-900 still showed excellent catalytic performance after standing for four months and after being reused nine times. This study not only prepared a catalyst with low cost, high stability, and great potential for wastewater treatment through a simple and green solvent-free method, but also provided a research basis for further exploration of red mud-based catalysts. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Thermodynamic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy System Coupling Solar Organic Rankine Cycle and Ground Source Heat Pump: Exploring Heat Cascade Utilization

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SSRN 2023年

The demand for efficient utilization of renewable energy is growing and the hybrid energy system driven by solar and geothermal energy is a significant way to minimize carbon emission and achieve carbon neutrality. This paper presents a hybrid energy system coupling solar organic Rankine cycle (S-ORC) with ground source heat pump (GSHP) for heating and power supply to further increase thermal efficiency and explore the heat cascade utilization of hybrid energy system during the heating season. In the hybrid energy system, the ground heat exchanger (GHE) is shared by the S-ORC and GSHP systems and the waste heat from the condenser of S-ORC is recovered to enhance the coefficient of performance (COP) of GSHP. A mathematical model is optimized to analyze the parametric effects on thermodynamic performance under different operating conditions. The comparison between the hybrid energy system and the stand-alone GSHP system is performed to present the superiority of energy recycling. The results indicate that the COP of the hybrid energy system can be improved up to 6.5 which shows the obvious advantage compared to 2.8 of the stand-alone GSHP system under the given system conditions. In addition, the increase of turbine inlet pressure can not only reduce the area of solar fields and length of buried tubes, but also contribute to the thermodynamic performance of the hybrid energy system. Furthermore, the hybrid energy system can obtain optimum exergy efficiency by matching ground source temperature and condensation temperature in the ORC unit. For a building of 3000m2 with heating and power supply, multi-objective optimization by means of a genetic algorithm is carried out to obtain the optimal design performance that the net power output, thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are 1.0.0kW, 27.5%, and 9.2% respectively. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geothermal heat pumps

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