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Kinetics of oxygen bubble growth in water decomposition

Wuli Xuebao/Acta Physica Sinica 2025年第10期74卷

作者： Nie, Tengfei Xu, Qiang Luo, Xinyi Hong, Aoyue Cao, Zeshui Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

In order to enhance the efficiency of large-scale water decomposition, it is important to understand the oxygen bubble evolution on the electrode surface. In this work, a numerical model for the growth of oxygen bubbles on the electrode surface is proposed based on the dissolved oxygen flux at the bubble boundary, and the mechanisms of the reaction area and current during the bubble growth are investigated. The results show that the bubble diameters calculated from the oxygen flux at the bubble boundary are in good agreement with the diameters of the bubbles growing in the control phase of the chemical reaction. As the reaction region increases, the transition time from the diffusion-controlled stage to the chemical reaction-controlled stage becomes longer during the bubble growth. The concentration maximum value on the microelectrode surface is significantly higher than that on the large electrode surface, which leads to a steeper concentration gradient between the microelectrode surface and the bubble surface. As the current increases, the bubble growth rate increases and the time coefficient decreases faster. The bubble diameter at a current of 0.06 mA accords well with the bubble diameter at a current of 0.1.mA in the photoelectrochemical water splitting experiments. This is because the scattering of light by the growing bubbles leads to a decrease in the current density at the bottom of the bubble.(Figure Presented) © 2025 Chinese Physical Society.

关键词： Pyrolysis

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Multi-Objective optimization of oil–gas cyclone separators considering liquid storage in the tank bottom

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 374卷

作者： Wang, Lingzi Du, Wei Liu, Ruiyi Feng, Jianmei Peng, Xueyuan Cao, Feng School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China The First Gas Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Shaanxi Jingbian718500 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

As an efficient separation device, the gas–liquid cyclone separator has been widely used in oil injection compressor systems. It can effectively reduce the oil content in the high-pressure airflow, directly affecting the fuel consumption, operating efficiency, and exhaust quality parameters of compressors, making it crucial to enhance the separator's performance. Given the critical role of geometric configuration in determining cyclone separator efficiency, this study comprehensively considers several influencing factors including the structure parameters. Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to quantify the contribution of three factors to the performance percentage of the separator, and the dual-objective optimization of the efficiency and pressure drop of the separator was carried out with the grey correlation analysis method. In the simulation calculation, this paper employs the DPM-to-VOF method coupled with the Euler wall film (EWF) to simulate the oil droplet particle separation process, featuring model transformation capabilities under specified conditions. The investigation culminates in the development of a parametric-performance prediction model and establishes optimal operational parameters for cyclone separators: the inlet velocity (vin) should be set at 24.49 m/s, the height of the inner cylinder of the separator tank (Ht) should be 1.2 times the diameter, and the buffer height between the inner cylinder and the liquid surface (Hm) should be 0.9 times the diameter. © 2025

关键词： Cyclone separators

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High-Ni Low-Co High-Capacity Li-Rich Cathode Materials Via Adjusting Li2mno3 Content and Li/Ni Mixing Structures

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wu, Zhen Zou, Kunyang Dai, Xin Zhang, Yu-Han Zhang, Xudong Wang, Hao Hou, Zhufeng Ma, Lijing Liu, Yan Chen, Yuanzhen Guo, Shengwu Liu, Yongning State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao266101 China Center for High Performance Computing Network Information Center Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Hefei Advanced Computing Center Operation Management Corp Ltd Hefei230088 China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou350002 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are considered as the promising cathode materials for next-generation high energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, severe voltage fade and capacity decay hinder their commercial applications. Increasing the Ni content in LLOs effectively improves the stability and discharge voltage, but shows reduced capacities, typically © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium compounds

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A state-of-the-art review on the utilization of biochar as renewable energy for the sustainable steel industry

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Applied Energy 2025年 394卷

作者： Shan Ren Siyi Yang Hongsheng Chen Liang Wang Manyi Liu Guangwei Wang Chunbao Xu College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science & Tech. Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong

The steel industry is a major contributor to global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, accounting for nearly 1.&#1.0;% of the total. Within this sector, ironmaking processes, particularly those using the traditional blast f...

The steel industry is a major contributor to global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, accounting for nearly 1. % of the total. Within this sector, ironmaking processes, particularly those using the traditional blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace route, are responsible for almost 90 % of the industry's CO₂ emissions. Biochar, derived from renewable feedstocks, offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels for ironmaking. This review examines the cutting-edge techniques for producing biochar and recent advancements in utilizing biochar across various ironmaking processes, including sintering/pelletizing, coke making, blast furnace injection, and direct reduction iron processes, with a focus on reducing CO₂ emissions. Despite demonstrated benefits such as reduced pollution, improved burden permeability, and enhanced gas utilization efficiency in pilot and industrial trials, large-scale biochar application remains limited by the varying quality requirements of different processes. Innovatively, a green hydrogen-metallurgical route that utilizes hydrogen-rich syngas derived from biomass and biochar is proposed in this work, serving as a comprehensive solution to address the challenges associated with the quality discrepancies of biochar produced by different carbonization methods and the diverse quality requirements for biochar in various ironmaking processes. This solution not only underscores its potential to significantly transform the iron and steel industry towards a more sustainable and low-carbon future, but also highlights the innovative contributions of this research to the fields of renewable energy, solid waste resources, metallurgical industry, and global climate change.

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Beam dynamics induced by the quantum metric of exceptional rings

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Zhaoyang Septembre, Ismaël Liu, Zhenzhi Kokhanchik, Pavel Liang, Shun Liu, Fu Li, Changbiao Wang, Hongxing Liu, Maochang Zhang, Yanpeng Xiao, Min Malpuech, Guillaume Solnyshkov, Dmitry Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices The Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique School of Electronic Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronics and Information Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Institut Pascal PHOTON-N2 Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS Clermont INP Clermont-FerrandF-63000 France Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät Universität Siegen Walter-Flex-Straße 3 Siegen57068 Germany International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Physics University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Paris75231 France

Topological physics has broadened its scope from the study of topological insulating phases to include nodal phases containing band structure singularities. The geometry of the corresponding quantum states is described by the quantum metric which provides a theoretical framework for explaining phenomena that conventional approaches fail to address. The field has become even broader by encompassing non-Hermitian singularities: in addition to Dirac, Weyl nodes, or nodal lines, it is now common to encounter exceptional points, exceptional or Weyl rings, and even Weyl spheres. They give access to fascinating effects that cannot be reached within the Hermitian picture. However, the quantum geometry of non-Hermitian singularities is not a straightforward extension of the Hermitian one, remaining far less understood. Here, we study experimentally and theoretically the dynamics of wave packets at exceptional rings stemming from Dirac points in a photonic honeycomb lattice. First, we demonstrate a transition between conical diffraction and non-Hermitian broadening in real space. Next, we predict and demonstrate a new non-Hermitian effect in the reciprocal space, induced by the non-orthogonality of the eigenstates. We call it transverse non-Hermitian drift, and its description requires biorthogonal quantum metric. The non-Hermitian drift can be used for applications in beam steering. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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Computational homogenization of thermomechanical properties for Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated fuel with 3D printed SiC matrix

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Annals of Nuclear Energy 2025年 222卷

作者： Chen, Yiwen Lu, Qi Liu, Changwen Li, Wei Zhang, Dalin Su, G.H. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu61213 China State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated (FCM) fuel, fabricated using 3D printing technology, incorporates traditional Tristructural-Isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles embedded within a 3D-printed SiC matrix. This fuel type shows great potential for compact, high-temperature nuclear reactors. However, comprehensive performance analysis remains challenging due to the multilayered structure, complex material properties, and the irradiation behavior of numerous TRISO particles within the matrix. To address these challenges, this study aims to apply finite element (FE)-based computational homogenization to evaluate the fuel's thermomechanical properties. First, a detailed finite element analysis (FEA) of a single TRISO particle's performance was conducted, focusing primarily on the Buffer-IPyC gap size change during irradiation, a critical factor influencing the fuel's thermal performance. Second, the homogenization of a single TRISO particle was performed using FEA, accounting for the changes in the Buffer-IPyC gap size. Finally, homogenized TRISO particles were randomly distributed and perfectly bonded within a 3D-printed SiC matrix to form a Representative Volume Element (RVE). The FE homogenization of the RVE was then conducted to derive the effective thermomechanical properties of the FCM fuel. The packing fraction of TRISO particles in the matrix ranged from 1. % to 50 %, with temperature and burnup conditions spanning 800–1.00 K and 0–1. % FIMA, respectively. Results show that irradiation significantly affects the effective properties of the fuel, though this impact diminishes as burnup increases. Additionally, the effective thermal conductivity of the FCM fuel decreases with increasing TRISO packing fraction, assuming the thermal conductivity of the SiC matrix exceeds that of TRISO particles. This study provides a valuable reference for the design and optimization of FCM fuel for future nuclear applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Thermal conductivity of solids

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Corrigendum to “Numerical simulation of an externally heated fixed bed reactor for coal pyrolysis based on porous media” [Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 21. (2024) 1.7–1.1.

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Chemical engineering Research and Design 2025年 218卷 454-454页

作者： Haoyue Li Yuanpei Luo Fei Dai Jun Sui Hongguang Jin Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems and Renewable Energy Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

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Remote open-path laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of manganese in steel samples at high temperature

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第3期21卷 52-59页

作者： Minchao CUI Yoshihiro DEGUCHI Zhenzhen WANG Seiya TANAKA Min-Gyu JEON Yuki FUJITA Shengdun ZHAO School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science University of Tokushima State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Division of Mechanical Engineering Korea Maritime and Ocean University School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University

A remote open-path laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) system was designed and studied in the present work for the purpose of combining the LIBS technique with the steel production line. In this system, the relatively simple configuration and optics were employed to measure the steel samples at a remote distance and a hot sample temperature. The system has obtained a robustness for the deviation of the sample position because of the open-path and alloptical structure. The measurement was carried out at different sample temperatures by placing the samples in a muffle furnace with a window in the front door. The results show that the intensity of the spectral lines increased as the sample temperature increased. The influence of the sample temperature on the quantitative analysis of manganese in the steel samples was investigated by measuring ten standard steel samples at different temperatures. Three samples were selected as the test sample for the simulation measurement. The results show that, at the sample temperature of 500 ℃, the average relative error of prediction is 3.1. and the average relative standard deviation is 7.7%, respectively.

关键词： remote open-path LIBS steel manganese sample temperature quantitative analysis

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Strengthening Chlorobenzene Catalytic Degradation Rate and Selectivity Over Laxsr1.Xmno3±Δ by Anchoring Interfacial Oxygen Vacancy

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Lu Tao, Dan Zhao, Qi Fu, Shuangshuang Min, Xin Chen, Changwei Tian, Mingjiao Shi, Jianwen He, Chi State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China College of Geology and Environment Xi’an University of Science and Technology Shaanxi Xi’an710054 China Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Shaanxi Xi’an710055 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai200240 China

Surficial lattice oxygen in perovskite compounds is a common participant during chloroaromatic catalytic destruction. Herein, we proposed a facile oxygen vacancy construction strategy for preparing high active LaxSr1.xMnO3±δ (LSMO) via NaBH4 treatment. Results reveal that LSMO composites are not only reduced by NaBH4 under mild condition, but trigger a significant Sr segregation effect, which plays a key role in oxygen vacancy formation accounting to the electron donation from Sr to Mn acceptor and subsequent lattice oxygen activation. Moreover, the concentration of interfacial active oxygen species can be regulated by taming the La-Sr interaction with different Sr substitution proportions. The anchored oxygen vacancies (OVs) take advantage of electron capture or transfer and induce molecule oxygen into active oxygen species to react with chlorobenzene molecules, resulting in a preferential catalytic oxidation capacity. Amongst, reduced La0.5Sr0.5MnO3±δ catalyst displays superior chlorobenzene destruction efficiency with 90% of which converted as low as 236 °C, which also exhibited a stable performance in long-time operation. However, the OVs would be refilled by water H2O molecules resulting in a weaker water resistance for OVs anchored catalyst. In summary, the annihilation of OVs is the most important factor for catalyst deactivation. The research offers a new avenue to construct interfacial oxygen species in perovskite oxides during the chlorobenzene deep oxidation process. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalytic oxidation

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Experimental and numerical study on impinging fuel spray under high-pressure cross-flow condition 14

Experimental and numerical study on impinging fuel spray und...

引用

1.th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, ICLASS 201.

作者： Si, Z. Guo, M. Ashida, Y. Nishida, K. Ogata, Y. Tang, C. Huang, Z. Department of Mechanical System Engineering University of Hiroshima 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima739-8527 Japan School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi road Wuhan Hubei430070 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning west road Xi'an710049 China

It is certified that the fuel spray is strongly affected by both in-cylinder air flow and piston cavity wall impingement in a direct injection engine. In this study, sprays injected by a valve covered orifice nozzle were tested by a high-speed video camera and a continuous wave laser sheet under a wind-tunnel with cross-flow and pressurized ambience, thereby the spray profiles in vertical and horizontal planes were investigated. Moreover, the experiment results were compared with simulations which was calculated by the validated spray models based on the CONVERGE software. With increase in the cross-flow velocity, the spray tip penetration evidently increased, and the increased cross-flow velocity led to an increase in the vortex height because of the enhanced spray dispersion. Furthermore, the high ambient pressure restrains the spray dispersion and leads to smaller spray tip penetration and vortex height. The outlines of spray with same liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio q can agree with each other in the windward side, nevertheless the droplet diffusion under high cross-flow velocity is distinct in the leeside. At the horizontal plane of y=25mm, a complex vortex movement was observed that resulted in a nonuniform distribution of droplets in the upper part of the spray in the leeward side. From the calculations, in the radial region apart from the impingement point (8mm4mm) hardly moved. © 201. Solar Turbines Incorporated.

关键词： Continuous wave lasers

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