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Corrigendum: A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018 (2021 Environ. Res. Lett. 16 073005)

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environmental Research Letters 2022年第4期17卷 049502-049502页

作者： William F Lamb Thomas Wiedmann Julia Pongratz Robbie Andrew Monica Crippa Jos G J Olivier Dominik Wiedenhofer Giulio Mattioli Alaa Al Khourdajie Jo House Shonali Pachauri Maria Figueroa Yamina Saheb Raphael Slade Klaus Hubacek Laixiang Sun Suzana Kahn Ribeiro Smail Khennas Stephane de la Rue du Can Lazarus Chapungu Steven J Davis Igor Bashmakov Hancheng Dai Shobhakar Dhakal Xianchun Tan Yong Geng Baihe Gu Jan Minx Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Torgauer Straße 12–15 4 EUREF Campus #19 10829 Berlin Germany School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom Sustainability Assessment Program School of Civil and Environmental Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney Australia Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Bundesstrasse 53 20146 Hamburg Germany Department of Geography Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich Luisenstrasse 37 80333 Munich Germany CICERO Center for International Climate Research Oslo Norway European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra VA Italy PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency Den Haag The Netherlands Institute of Social Ecology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Schottenfeldgasse 29 1070 Vienna Austria Department of Transport Planning TU Dortmund University August-Schmidt-Straße 10 44227 Dortmund Germany Centre for Environmental Policy Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol University Road BS8 1SS Bristol United Kingdom International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz 1 2361 Laxenburg Austria Department of Management Society and Communication Copenhagen Business School Copenhagen Denmark Openexp 17 Bd Lefebvre 75015 Paris France Integrated Research for Energy Environment and Society University of Groningen 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States of America School of Finance and Management SOAS University of London WC1H 0XG London United Kingdom Institute of Blue and Green Development Weihai Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Shandong University Weihai 264209 People’s Republic of China Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—UFRJ) Transport Engineering Programme (Programa de Engenharia de Transportes—PET) COPPE-UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Energy

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Long-term study of the intermittent extreme behaviour of 1ES 2344+514 38

Long-term study of the intermittent extreme behaviour of 1ES...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Arbet-Engels, A. Mondal, H.A. Fukami, S. D’Ammando, F. Dorner, D. Chatterjee, R. Majumdar, P. Manganaro, M. Hovatta, T. Das, S. Raiteri, C.M. Villata, M. Perri, M. Verrechia, F. Leto, C. Filippenko, A. Zheng, W. Abe, H. Abe, S. Abhir, J. Acciari, V.A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Arbet Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Chatterjee, R. Chilingarian, A. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D’Ammando, F. D’Amico, G. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Del Popolo, A. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Delgado Mendez, C. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukazawa, Y. García López, R.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giesbrecht Paiva, J.G. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Grau, R. Green, D. Green, J.G. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Imazawa, R. Inada, T. Iotov, R. Ishio, K. Jiménez Martínez, I. Jormanainen, J. Kerszberg, D. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez Lezáun, M. Lamastra, A. Lelas, D. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Saha Inst. of Nuclear Physics A CI of Homi Bhabha National Inst. West Bengal Kolkata700064 India INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia Via Gobetti 101 BolognaI-40129 Italy School of Astrophysics Presidency University 86/1 College Street Kolkata700073 India University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia - ASI via del Politecnico s.n.c. RomaI-00133 Italy INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Pino TorineseI-10025 Italy University of Turku TurkuFI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 Kylmälä02540 Finland Italian Space Agency ASI via del Politecnico snc Roma00133 Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma via di Frascati 33 MonteporzioI-00040 Italy Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa Pisa

Extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are the most energetic persistent sources in the Universe. They are characterized by a spectral energy distribution (SED) featuring a synchrotron peak energy above 1 keV. 1ES 2344+514 is a blazar known to behave as an EHBL intermittently. Until now, its EHBL nature was only reported during flares, but a coherent picture is missing as unbiased monitoring campaigns are lacking. This work presents the longest observing campaign from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) frequencies performed so far on 1ES2344+514. Using observations during 2019-2021, we carry out a systematic investigation of the intermittent EHBL phases. Together with MAGIC, the dataset also includes X-ray observations from NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and AstroSAT, providing an unprecedented determination of the two SED components. For the first time we report a clear EHBL behaviour during a low flux activity in 1ES 2344+514. It implies a significant hardening of the electron distribution inside the jet independent of flux. We also detect a bright X-ray state characterized by an unusually soft spectra, thus violating the harder-when-brighter relation typically found in blazars. The SED study further reveals an excess in the ultraviolet data with respect to the extrapolation of the X-ray spectrum, suggesting at least two regions contributing to the synchrotron flux. Finally we investigate a gamma-ray flare not accompanied by an X-ray counterpart. This peculiar outburst is interpreted using a time-dependent model involving two emitting components. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Synchrotrons

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Innentitelbild: Diels–Alder Conversion of Acrylic Acid and 2,5-Dimethylfuran topara-Xylene Over Heterogeneous Bi-BTC Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts Under Mild Conditions (Angew. Chem. 2/2021)

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第2期133卷

作者： Jyun-Yi Yeh Season S. Chen Shih-Cheng Li Celine H. Chen Dr. Tetsuya Shishido Dr. Daniel C. W. Tsang Dr. Yusuke Yamauchi Yi-Pei Li Prof. Kevin C.-W. Wu International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST) National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica No. 128 Sec. 2 Academia Road Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National (Taiwan) University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan School of Engineering Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong China JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0051 Japan Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) School of Chemical Engieering The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan

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Diels–Alder Conversion of Acrylic Acid and 2,5-Dimethylfuran topara-Xylene Over Heterogeneous Bi-BTC Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts Under Mild Conditions

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第2期133卷

The heterogeneous metal-organic framework Bi-BTC successfully catalyzed the synthesis of para -xylene from bio-based 2,5-dimethylfuran and acrylic acid in a promising yield (92 %), under relatively mild conditions (160 °C, 10 bar), and with a low reaction-energy barrier (47.3 kJ mol −1 ). The proposed reaction strategy also demonstrates a remarkable versatility for furan derivatives such as furan and 2-methylfuran.

关键词： 2,5-dimethylfuran acrylic acid Bi-BTC metal-organic frameworks para-xylene

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Inside Cover: Diels–Alder Conversion of Acrylic Acid and 2,5-Dimethylfuran topara-Xylene Over Heterogeneous Bi-BTC Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts Under Mild Conditions (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2/2021)

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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020年第2期60卷

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Early Pastoral Economies and Herding Transitions in Eastern Eurasia (vol 10, 1001, 2020)

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2020年第1期10卷 1001-1001页

作者： Taylor, William Timothy Treal Clark, Julia Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav Tuvshinjargal, Tumurbaatar Jobe, Jessica Thompson Fitzhugh, William Kortum, Richard Spengler, Robert N., III Shnaider, Svetlana Seersholm, Frederik Valeur Hart, Isaac Case, Nicholas Wilkin, Shevan Hendy, Jessica Thuering, Ulrike Miller, Bryan Miller, Alicia R. Ventresca Picin, Andrea Vanwezer, Nils Irmer, Franziska Brown, Samantha Abdykanova, Aida Shultz, Daniel R. Pham, Victoria Bunce, Michael Douka, Katerina Jones, Emily Lena Boivin, Nicole CU Museum of Natural History/Department of Anthropology CU 218 Boulder CO 80309 USA. Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History 10 Kahlaische Str. Jena 07745 German Flinders University Australia Sturt Road Bedford Park South Australia 5042 Australia National Museum of Mongolia Juulchiny Str-1 Ulaanbaatar 21046 Mongolia Graduate School of Human Development in Landscapes University of Kiel Johanna-Mestorf Str 2-6 R.156 D - 24118 Kiel Germany Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St. Golden CO 80401 USA Arctic Studies Center Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Washington D.C. 20560 USA Department of Philosophy and Humanities East Tennessee State University 276 Gilbreath Dr Johnson City TN 37614 USA Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History 10 Kahlaische Str. Jena 07745 Germany Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science 17 Lavrentieva Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Novosibirsk State University 1 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk Russia Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory Curtin University Kent Street Bentley WA 6102 Australia Department of Geography University of Utah 260 Central campus Drive Room 4625 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center Department of Geography University of Wyoming 1000 E. University Ave. Laramie WY 82071 USA Faculty of History University of Oxford George Street OX1 2RL Oxford UK Department of Anthropology Museum of Anthropological Archaeology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Anthropology Program American University of Central Asia Aaly Tokombaev st. 7/6 720060 Bishkek Kyrgyzstan Departments of Anthropology and History McGill University 855 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 2T7 University of Sydney Australia Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia Department of An

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Influence of Experimental Warming on Heat and Water Fluxes of Alpine Meadows in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 2018年第2期38卷 441-458页

作者： Robert D. Hollister Patrick J. Webber Fredrick E. Nelson Craig E. Tweedie Department of Biology Grand Valley State University 1 Campus Drive Allendale Michigan 49401-9403 U.S.A Correspondencewebber@msu.edu Department of Geography University of Delaware Newark DE 19716-2541 U.S.A Department of Biology and the Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso 500 University Boulevard El Paso Texas 79968-0513 U.S.A

Abstract This study is presented against the background that climate warming is predicted to continue in much of the Arctic through the next century and that small greenhouse chambers have been used widely to warm tundra communities in order to forecast climate-related changes. It reports results from up to 8 years of experimental warming with ∼1 m2 open-top chambers (OTCs) at four tundra communities near Barrow (71°18′N, 156°40′W) and Atqasuk (70°29′N, 157°25′W) in northern Alaska. Between 1994 and 2002 the OTCs increased the mean growing season air temperature by between 0.6 and 2.2°C, depending on the site and year. The change in average July soil temperature recorded over 3 years at 10 cm depth due to the OTCs varied between −0.8 and 0.7°C, depending on the site. Changes in soil temperature did not result in detectable differences in thaw depth at any site. This is interpreted to be the result of the small size of the OTCs and possibly changes in vegetation. The differences in warming profiles between sites are important for the biological interpretation of manipulative warming experiments. These profiles also illustrate that vertical heat exchange varies according to plant community type and that this may be an important consideration as the region undergoes climatic change.

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Applicability of zirconium loaded okara in the removal and recovery of phosphorus from municipal wastewater

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2019年第1期266卷

作者： T A H Nguyen H H Ngo W S Guo T Q Pham T H Cao T H H Nguyen Master's Program in Environmental Engineering VNU Vietnam Japan University Luu Huu Phuoc My Dinh 1 residential area Nam Tu Liem Hanoi Vietnam Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney (UTS) 15 Broadway Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam Faculty of Geology VNU University of Science 334 Nguyen Trai Thanh Xuan Hanoi Vietnam

Recently, there is a new trend to consider wastewater as a precious resource. Since phosphorus is a limited non-renewable element, and MAP (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate - MgNH4PO4.6H2O) is a valuable slow-release fertilizer, the recovery of phosphorous as MAP has received special attention from scientists all over the world. However, the application of this process with municipal wastewater is still a challenge, due to low concentration of phosphorus and high volume of municipal wastewater. This study investigates the potential of reclaiming MAP from municipal wastewater by combination of adsorption and crystallization. Soybean milk residue (okara) was loaded with Zirconium (Zr) to prepare the adsorbent (ZLO). Adsorption and desorption experiments were conducted in a semi-pilot scale ZLO packed colum system. Effects of P: N: Mg molar ratios, chemical sources and temperature on the formation of MAP were examined in an attempt to identify the optimal crystallization conditions. The attained precipitate was characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR techniques. It was found that the ZLO packed column adsorption-desorption system could pre-concentrate phosphorus from municipal wastewater up to 28.36 times, fitting well the minimum requirement (50 mg P/L) for the economical MAP recovery. Up to 95.19% of dissolved phosphorus in desorption solution was recovered at pH = 9, Mg: N: P molar ratio = 2:2:1, using a combination of MgCl2.6H2O and NH4Cl. The harvested MAP exhibited high purity (92.59%), high P-availability (89% by mass), and extremely low levels of heavy metals. The results prove that it is viable to recover MAP from municipal wastewater by employing ZLO as adsorbent, followed by crystallization. This paves the way for mining phosphorus from municipal wastewater and reducing okara as an agricultural byproduct in a green way.

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Using a PCR-DGGE method to analyze diazotrophic diversity in soil and root nodules of Casuarina in the Sihu area

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Taiwan Journal of Forest science 2017年第2期32卷 101-110页

作者： Chang, Tsung-Po Hung, Chun-Hsiung Wu, Yu-Ting Lin, Lei-Chen Program of Agriculture Science National Chiayi Univ. 300 Syuefu Rd. Chiayi City60004 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung Hsing Univ. 250 Kuo Kuang Rd. Taichung40227 Taiwan Department of Forestry National Pingtung Univ. of Science and Technology 1 Shuefu Road Neipu Pingtung91201 Taiwan Department of Forestry and Nature Resources National Chiayi Univ. 300 Syuefu Rd. Chiayi City60004 Taiwan

Casuarina spp. are major windbreak species in coastal forests of Taiwan. With great ability for rapid growth and adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, they enhance soil stabilization and provide protection and rehabilitation for coastal areas. Many factors may limit the reproduction of Casuarina in coastal areas such as infertile soil, drought, salt stress, litterfall, and weeds. In addition, nitrogen is generally considered one of the major nutrients in plant growth, and Casuarina plants can obtain nitrogen sources through association with Frankia via root nodules. In order to understand the interaction between diverse diazotrophic diversity and different test sites of Casuarina spp. determine whether it is the diversity level of diazotrophic on healthy and on declining Casuarina spp., or the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nodules of Casuarina spp., direct amplification of the nifH gene for a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis with the primer pair polF-GC/polR was applied in this study. The results demonstrated that there were 2 groups of nitrogen-fixing bacteria collected from these root nodule samples that appeared on the PCR-DGGE profiles. Whether Casuarina stands are on the decline or not, a high diversity of diazotrophic community has been observed among all test sites. Therefore, this study shows that the declining Casuarina is not related to the diazotophic diversity.

关键词： Stabilization

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Multiwavelength study of OT 081: broadband modelling of a transitional blazar

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2025年第1期540卷 364-384页

作者： Abe, H. Abe, S. Acciari, V.A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Batković, I. Baxter, J. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Del Popolo, A. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Mendez, C. Delgado Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Prester, D. Dominis Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, R.J. García Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Grau, R. Green, J.G. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Imazawa, R. Inada, T. Iotov, R. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kerszberg, D. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lezáun, M. Láinez Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, D. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Morcuende, D. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Persic, M. Pihet, M. Pirola, G. Podobnik, F. Moroni, P.G. Prada Prandini, E. Principe, G. Priyadarshi, C. Rhode, W. Ribó, M. Rico, J. Righi, C. Sahakyan, N. Saito, T. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía – CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy RomeI-00185 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Allégaten 55 Bergen5007 Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Department of Astrophysics Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of Lodz LodzP

OT 081 is a well-known, luminous blazar that is remarkably variable in many energy bands. We present the first broadband study of the source, which includes very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ -ray data taken by the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov telescopes) and H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) imaging Cherenkov telescopes. The discovery of VHE γ -ray emission happened during a high state of γ -ray activity in July 2016, observed by many instruments from radio to VHE γ -rays. We identify four states of activity of the source, one of which includes VHE γ -ray emission. Variability in the VHE domain is found on daily time-scales. The intrinsic VHE spectrum can be described by a power law with index 3.27 ± 0.44stat ± 0.15sys (MAGIC) and 3.39 ± 0.58stat ± 0.64sys (H.E.S.S.) in the energy range of 55–300 and 120–500 GeV, respectively. The broadband emission cannot be successfully reproduced by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Instead, an additional external Compton component is required. We test a lepto-hadronic model that reproduces the data set well and a proton-synchrotron-dominated model that requires an extreme proton luminosity. Emission models that are able to successfully represent the data place the emitting region well outside of the broad-line region to a location at which the radiative environment is dominated by the infrared thermal radiation field of the dusty torus. In the scenario described by this flaring activity, the source appears to be a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ), in contrast with past categorizations. This suggests that the source can be considered to be a transitional blazar, intermediate between BL Lac and FSRQ objects. © 2024 The Author(s).

关键词： Gamma radiography

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