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Sustainable and integrated industrial wastewater treatment as a base of green industry 4.0

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： Rame Rame Purwanto Purwanto Sudarno Sudarno 1Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50241 Indonesia 2Center of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology Jl. Ki Mangunsarkoro No. 6 Semarang 50241 Indonesia 3Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50275 Indonesia 4Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50275 Indonesia

With the fast development of the global economy and population, there has been an increase in the amount of wastewater and industrial effluents being discharged into rivers and lakes, resulting in deterioration of water quality and a reduction in the availability of freshwater resources. A comprehensive discussion of the topic of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Integrated for Sustainable Green Industry 4.0, including the difficulties and possible solutions that may be encountered along the way, is provided in this article. According to the results of this study, industrial wastewater treatment that uses online/real-time water for quality monitoring and control has shown great promise in terms of quality monitoring and control when utilizing online/real-time water. Implementing such a system in industrial wastewater treatment may offer an early warning system for poor treatment while increasing the quantity and quality of the end product, both of which are desired outcomes.

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Sanitation and challenges in sustainable urban water management

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： D. D. Anggoro I. Sumantri Y. S. Sari H. R. Sunoko R. Bicer 1Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia 2Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50241 Indonesia 3Faculty of Theology Sakarya University Serdivan Turkey

Water and good sanitation are essential elements to support human health. Unfortunately, the fulfillment of clean water and sanitation needs has not been fully implemented in several parts of the world. Sanitation development in Indonesia refers to the Sustainable Development Goals, which in 2030 are targeted to ensure the availability and sustainable management of clean water and sanitation for all communities. The problem in this study is to determine community participation in its contribution to achieving SDGs (6) goals in the use of public toilet facilities built from local government budgets in a sustainable effort in the SANIMAS program in Bandung City West Java. The research results that have been carried out show that the use of shared toilet facilities requires participation from the community and the increasing number of residents in each urban area. Policies from the government can anticipate problems in the future, and there is a need for collaboration between the government, the private sector, and the community by paying attention to the environment both for the sustainability of water reserves from dug wells and the use of technology that can prevent river water pollution in the city, as well as the sustainability of the sanitation program for all public.

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Cover Feature: Mechanistic Insight into Heteroatom Removal from Vacuum Gas Oil Blended with PMMA or PET Waste (ChemSusChem 15/2024)

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ChemSusChem 2024年第15期17卷

作者： Naydu Zambrano David Trueba Idoia Hita Roberto Palos Josune Azkoiti Alazne Gutiérrez Pedro Castaño Multiscale Reaction Engineering KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU PO Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1 48013 Bilbao Spain Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

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Resilience of Chemistry: An Introduction to the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Technical program at the 262nd American Chemical Society National Hybrid Meeting & Exposition, Both Online and in Atlanta, Georgia

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022年第34期70卷 10385-10388页

作者： Appell, Michael Cantrell, Charles Cho, Jungeun Choi, Hak-Jong Chun, Hyang-Sook Doherty, Laurel A. Granvogl, Michael Karl, James Philip Kim, Youngmok Kobori, Masuko Lee, Kwang-Geun Liu, LinShu Lu, Xiaonan Mahalak, Karley K. Morello, Michael Nabetani, Hiroshi Ngo, Helen Park, Bosoon Sarker, Majher Soares, Jason Tunick, Michael Yadav, Madhav Yokoyama, Wally Zhang, Guodong Zheljazkov, Valtcho Myotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture 1815 North University Street Peoria Illinois 61604 United States Natural Products Utilization Research Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Thad Cochran Research Center University Mississippi 38677 United States Strategy and Planning Division World Institute of Kimchi 86 Kimchiro Namgu Gwangju 61755 Republic of Korea Microbiology and Functionality Research Group World Institute of Kimchi 86 Kimchiro Namgu Gwangju 61755 Republic of Korea Department of Food Science and Technology Chung-Ang University Anseong 456-756 South Korea Natick Soldier Research Development & Engineering Center United States Army Research Development and Engineering Command RDNS-WSC-B Kansas Street Natick Massachusetts 01760 United States Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany Military Nutrition Division United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine 10 General Greene Avenue Building 42 Natick Massachusetts 01760 United States Group Quality and Analytical Science Finlays 81 Ocean State Drive North Kingstown Rhode Island 02852 United States Institute of Food Research National Agriculture and Food Research Organization 2-1-12 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan Department of Food Science and Technology Dongguk University 3-26 Pil-dong Chung-gu Seoul 100-715 Republic of Korea Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit Eastern Regional Research Center Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture 600 East Mermaid Lane Wyndmoor Pennsylvania 19038 United States Food Nutrition and Health Program Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British Columbia Food Nutrition & Health 212 2205 East Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada Volatile Flavor Analy

This is the third special issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (JAFC) based on the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division (AGFD) technical program, at the 262nd American Chemical Society National Meeting. This was the first national meeting held in a hybrid format, both virtually and in-person in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A., on August 22-26, 2021. The AGFD proudly hosted 12 symposia, including three award symposia. There were 34 sessions held in total, with 143 oral presentations and 49 poster presentations. This meeting was highly successful in terms of attendance, and technology issues experienced at the previous virtual meetings were successfully resolved.

关键词： Bacteria Biomass Crops Food Plant derived food

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Elemental Characterization of Ambient Particulate Matter for a Globally Distributed Monitoring Network: Methodology and Implications

ACS ES&T air

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ACS ES&T air 2024年第4期1卷 283-293页

作者： Xuan Liu Jay R Turner Christopher R Oxford Jacob McNeill Brenna Walsh Emmie Le Roy Crystal L Weagle Emily Stone Haihui Zhu Wenyu Liu Zilin Wei Nicole P Hyslop Jason Giacomo Ann M Dillner Abdus Salam Al-Amin Hossen Zubayer Islam Ihab Abboud Clement Akoshile Omar Amador-Muñoz Nguyen Xuan Anh Araya Asfaw Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Rachel Ying-Wen Chang Craig Coburn Sagnik Dey David J Diner Jinlu Dong Tareq Farrah Paterne Gahungu Rebecca M Garland Michel Grutter de la Mora Sina Hasheminassab Juanette John Jhoon Kim Jong Sung Kim Kristy Langerman Pei-Chen Lee Puji Lestari Yang Liu Tesfaye Mamo Mathieu Martins Olga L Mayol-Bracero Mogesh Naidoo Sang Seo Park Yoav Schechner Robyn Schofield Sachchida N Tripathi Eli Windwer Ming-Tsang Wu Qiang Zhang Michael Brauer Yinon Rudich Randall V Martin Department of Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 United States. Air Quality Research Center University of California Davis Davis California 95616 United States. Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Quality Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Department of Physics University of Ilorin Ilorin 240003 Nigeria. Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico. Institute of Geophysics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 11307 Vietnam. Institute of Geophysics and Space Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada. Department of Geography and Environment University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 United States. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China. Research Laboratories Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates. Institute of Applied Statistics University of Burundi Bujumbura BP1550 Burundi. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South Africa. Department of Geography Geo-Informatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3

Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of PM samples collected from 27 globally distributed sites in the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) over 2019-2023. Consistent protocols are applied to collect all samples and analyze them at one central laboratory, which facilitates comparison across different sites. Multiple quality assurance measures are performed, including applying reference materials that resemble typical PM samples, acceptance testing, and routine quality control. Method detection limits and uncertainties are estimated. Concentrations of dust and trace element oxides (TEO) are determined from the elemental dataset. In addition to sites in arid regions, a moderately high mean dust concentration (6 μg/m) in PM is also found in Dhaka (Bangladesh) along with a high average TEO level (6 μg/m). High carcinogenic risk (>1 cancer case per 100000 adults) from airborne arsenic is observed in Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kanpur (India), and Hanoi (Vietnam). Industries of informal lead-acid battery and e-waste recycling as well as coal-fired brick kilns likely contribute to the elevated trace element concentrations found in Dhaka.

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Chemical evolution of some selected complex organic molecules in low-mass star-forming regions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bhat, Bratati Kar, Rumela Mondal, Suman Kumar Ghosh, Rana Gorai, Prasanta Shimonishi, Takashi Tanaka, Kei E.I. Furuya, Kenji Das, Ankan Institute of Astronomy Space and Earth Science 1 Bidhan Sishu Sarani Kolkata700054 India Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Material Sciences IIT Bombay Powai Maharashtra Mumbai400076 India S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Sciences JD-Block Salt Lake Kolkata700098 India Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 Chalantika Garia Station Road Kolkata700084 India Department of Space Earth & Environment Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Niigata Nishi-ku950-2181 Japan Environmental Science Program Department of Science Faculty of Science Niigata University Niigata Nishi-ku950-2181 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo152-8551 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo181-8588 Japan

The destiny of complex organic molecules (COMs) in star-forming regions is interlinked with various evolutionary phases. Therefore, identifying these species in diversified environments of identical star-forming regions would help to comprehend their physical and chemical heritage. We identified multiple COMs utilizing the Large program ‘Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM’ (ASAI) data, dedicated to chemical surveys in Sun-like star-forming regions with the IRAM 30 m telescope. It was an unbiased survey in the millimeter regime, covering the prestellar core, protostar, outflow region, and protoplanetary disk phase. Here, we have reported some transitions of seven COMs, namely, methanol (CH3OH), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), methyl formate (CH3OCHO), ethanol (C2H5OH), propynal (HCCCHO), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), and methyl cyanide (CH3CN) in some sources L1544, B1-b, IRAS4A, and SVS13A. We found a trend among these species from the derived abundances using the rotational diagram method and MCMC fit. We have found that the abundances of all of the COMs, except for HCCCHO, increase from the L1544 (prestellar core) and peaks at IRAS16293-2422 (class 0 phase). It is noticed that the abundance of these molecules correlate with the luminosity of the sources. The obtained trend is also visible from the previous interferometric observations and considering the beam dilution effect. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecules

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A science of Actionable Knowledge Research Agenda: Drawing from a Review of the Most Misguided to the Most Enlightened Claims in the science-Policy Interface Literature

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Jagannathan, Kripa Emmanuel, Geniffer Arnott, James Mach, Katharine J. Bamzai-Dodson, Aparna Goodrich, Kristen Meyer, Ryan Neff, Mark Sjostrom, K. Dana Timm, Kristin M.F. Turnhout, Esther Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle Bednarek, Angela T. Meadow, Alison Dewulf, Art Kirchhoff, Christine J. Moss, Richard H. Nichols, Leah Oldach, Eliza Lemos, Maria Carmen Klenk, Nicole Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Aspen Global Change Institute BasaltCO United States Department of Environmental Science and Policy Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami MiamiFL United States Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy University of Miami Coral GablesFL United States U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center Colorado United States Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Imperial BeachCA United States Center for Community and Citizen Science University of California Davis DavisCA United States College of the Environment Western Washington University BellinghamWA United States Memphis-Shelby County Division of Planning and Development MemphisTN United States School of Urban Affairs and Public Policy University of Memphis MemphisTN United States International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks FairbanksAK United States University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Department of Earth System Science The Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University StanfordCA United States The Pew Charitable Trusts WashingtonDC United States Office of Societal Impact University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Public Administration and Policy Group Wageningen University and Research Hollandseweg 1 Wageningen6706 KN Netherlands Law Policy and Engineering Program and Civil and Environmental Engineering Penn State University PA United States Joint Global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National Laboratory SeattleWA United States Institute for a Sustainable Earth George Mason University FairfaxVA United States Center for Environmental Policy & Behavior University of California Davis DavisCA United States School for Environment and Sustainability Univ

Linking science with action affords a prime opportunity to leverage greater societal impact from research and increase the use of evidence in decision-making. Success in these areas depends, critically, upon processes of producing and mobilizing knowledge, as well as supporting and making decisions. For decades, scholars have idealized and described these social processes in different ways, resulting in numerous assumptions that now variously guide engagement at the interface of science and society. We systematically catalog these assumptions based on prior research on the science-policy interface and further distill them into a set of 26 claims. We then elicit expert perspectives (n=16) about these claims to assess the extent to which they are accurate or merit further examination. Out of this process, we construct a research agenda to motivate future scientific research on actionable knowledge, prioritizing areas that experts identified as critical gaps in understanding of the science-society interface. The resulting agenda focuses on how to define success, support intermediaries, build trust, and evaluate the importance of consensus and its alternatives – all in the diverse contexts of science-society-decision-making interactions. We further raise questions about the centrality of knowledge in these interactions, discussing how a governance lens might be generative of efforts to support more equitable processes and outcomes. We offer these suggestions with hopes of furthering the science of actionable knowledge as a transdisciplinary area of inquiry. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Is there any linkage between interstellar aldehyde and alcohol?

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mondal, Suman Kumar Gorai, Prasanta Sil, Milan Ghosh, Rana Etim, Emmanuel E. Chakrabarti, Sandip K. Shimonishi, Takashi Nakatani, Naoki Furuya, Kenji Tan, Jonathan C. Das, Ankan Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 Chalantika Garia Station Road Kolkata700084 India Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden Department of Chemical Sciences Federal University Wukari Katsina-Ala Road P.M.B. 1020 Taraba State Wukari Nigeria Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Environmental Science Program Department of Science Faculty of Science Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University N21W10 Kita-ku Hokkaido Sapporo001-0021 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Department of Astronomy University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo192-0397 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo181-8588 Japan

It is speculated that there might be some linkage between interstellar aldehydes and their corresponding alcohols. Here, an observational study and astrochemical modeling are coupled together to illustrate the connection between them. The ALMA cycle 4 data of a hot molecular core, G10.47+0.03 is utilized for this study. Various aldehydes (acetaldehyde, propanal, and glycolaldehyde), alcohols (methanol and ethylene glycol), and a ketone (acetone) are identified in this source. The excitation temperatures and the column densities of these species were derived via the rotation diagram method assuming LTE conditions. An extensive investigation is carried out to understand the formation of these species. Six pairs of aldehyde-alcohol: i) methanal and methanol;ii) ethanal and ethanol;iii) propanal and 1-propanol;iv) propenal and allyl alcohol;v) propynal and propar gyl alcohol;vi) glycolaldehyde and ethylene glycol;vii) along with one pair of ketone-alcohol (acetone and isopropanol) and viii) ketene-alcohol (ethenone and vinyl alcohol) are considered for this study. Two succes sive hydrogenation reactions in the ice phase are examined to form these alcohols from aldehydes, ketone, and ketene, respectively. Quantum chemical methods are extensively executed to review the ice phase formation route and the kinetics of these species. Based on the obtained kinetic data, astrochemical modeling is employed to derive the abundances of these aldehydes, alcohols, ketone, and ketene in this source. It is seen that our model could successfully explain the observed abundances of various species in this hot molecular core. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acetone

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Applications of engineered biochar in remediation of heavy metal(loid)s pollution from wastewater: Current perspectives toward sustainable development goals

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science of the Total Environment 2024年 926卷 171859页

作者： Tran, Thien-Khanh Huynh, Loan Nguyen, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Ky Lin, Chitsan Hoang, Tuan-Dung Hung, Nguyen Tri Q. Nguyen, X. Hoan Chang, S. Woong Nguyen, D. Duc Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City76100 Viet Nam Faculty of Technology Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City76100 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan School of Chemistry and Life Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1 Dai Co Viet Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Vietnam National University Hanoi - School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts 144 Xuan Thuy Street Cau Giay District Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam

environmental pollution of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) caused adverse impacts, has become one of the emerging concerns and challenges worldwide. Metal(loid)s can pose significant threats to living organisms even when present in trace levels within environmental matrices. Extended exposure to these substances can lead to adverse health consequences in humans. Removing HM-contaminated water and moving toward sustainable development goals (SDGs) is critical. In this mission, biochar has recently gained attention in the environmental sector as a green and alternative material for wastewater removal. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the remediation of typical HMs by biochars, associated with an understanding of remediation mechanisms, and gives practical solutions for ecologically sustainable. Applying engineered biochar in various fields, especially with nanoscale biochar-aided wastewater treatment approaches, can eliminate hazardous metal(loid) contaminants, highlighting an environmentally friendly and low-cost method. Surface modification of engineered biochar with nanomaterials is a potential strategy that positively influences its sorption capacity to remove contaminants. The research findings highlighted the biochars' ability to adsorb HM ions based on increased specific surface area (SSA), heightened porosity, and forming inner-sphere complexes with oxygen-rich groups. Utilizing biochar modification emerged as a viable approach for addressing lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr) pollution in aqueous environments. Most biochars investigated demonstrated a removal efficiency >90 % (Cd, As, Hg) and can reach an impressive 99 % (Pb and Cr). Furthermore, biochar and advanced engineered applications are also considered alternative solutions based on the circular economy. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanostructured materials

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Multiwavelength study of OT 081: broadband modelling of a transitional blazar

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2025年第1期540卷 364-384页

作者： Abe, H. Abe, S. Acciari, V.A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Batković, I. Baxter, J. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Del Popolo, A. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Mendez, C. Delgado Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Prester, D. Dominis Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, R.J. García Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Grau, R. Green, J.G. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Imazawa, R. Inada, T. Iotov, R. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kerszberg, D. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lezáun, M. Láinez Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, D. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Morcuende, D. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Persic, M. Pihet, M. Pirola, G. Podobnik, F. Moroni, P.G. Prada Prandini, E. Principe, G. Priyadarshi, C. Rhode, W. Ribó, M. Rico, J. Righi, C. Sahakyan, N. Saito, T. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía – CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy RomeI-00185 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Allégaten 55 Bergen5007 Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Department of Astrophysics Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of Lodz LodzP

OT 081 is a well-known, luminous blazar that is remarkably variable in many energy bands. We present the first broadband study of the source, which includes very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ -ray data taken by the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov telescopes) and H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) imaging Cherenkov telescopes. The discovery of VHE γ -ray emission happened during a high state of γ -ray activity in July 2016, observed by many instruments from radio to VHE γ -rays. We identify four states of activity of the source, one of which includes VHE γ -ray emission. Variability in the VHE domain is found on daily time-scales. The intrinsic VHE spectrum can be described by a power law with index 3.27 ± 0.44stat ± 0.15sys (MAGIC) and 3.39 ± 0.58stat ± 0.64sys (H.E.S.S.) in the energy range of 55–300 and 120–500 GeV, respectively. The broadband emission cannot be successfully reproduced by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Instead, an additional external Compton component is required. We test a lepto-hadronic model that reproduces the data set well and a proton-synchrotron-dominated model that requires an extreme proton luminosity. Emission models that are able to successfully represent the data place the emitting region well outside of the broad-line region to a location at which the radiative environment is dominated by the infrared thermal radiation field of the dusty torus. In the scenario described by this flaring activity, the source appears to be a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ), in contrast with past categorizations. This suggests that the source can be considered to be a transitional blazar, intermediate between BL Lac and FSRQ objects. © 2024 The Author(s).

关键词： Gamma radiography

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