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Author Correction: Early Pastoral Economies and Herding Transitions in Eastern Eurasia

Scientific reports 2020年第1期10卷 4536页

作者： William Timothy Treal Taylor Julia Clark Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan Tumurbaatar Tuvshinjargal Jessica Thompson Jobe William Fitzhugh Richard Kortum Robert N Spengler Svetlana Shnaider Frederik Valeur Seersholm Isaac Hart Nicholas Case Shevan Wilkin Jessica Hendy Ulrike Thuering Bryan Miller Alicia R Ventresca Miller Andrea Picin Nils Vanwezer Franziska Irmer Samantha Brown Aida Abdykanova Daniel R Shultz Victoria Pham Michael Bunce Katerina Douka Emily Lena Jones Nicole Boivin CU Museum of Natural History/Department of Anthropology CU 218 Boulder CO 80309 USA. william.taylor@colorado.edu. Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History 10 Kahlaische Str. Jena 07745 Germany. william.taylor@colorado.edu. Flinders University Australia Sturt Road Bedford Park South Australia 5042 Australia. National Museum of Mongolia Juulchiny Str-1 Ulaanbaatar 21046 Mongolia. Graduate School of Human Development in Landscapes University of Kiel Johanna-Mestorf Str 2-6 R.156 D - 24118 Kiel Germany. Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St. Golden CO 80401 USA. Arctic Studies Center Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Washington D.C. 20560 USA. Department of Philosophy and Humanities East Tennessee State University 276 Gilbreath Dr Johnson City TN 37614 USA. Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History 10 Kahlaische Str. Jena 07745 Germany. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science 17 Lavrentieva Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia. Novosibirsk State University 1 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk Russia. Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory Curtin University Kent Street Bentley WA 6102 Australia. Department of Geography University of Utah 260 Central campus Drive Room 4625 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA. Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center Department of Geography University of Wyoming 1000 E. University Ave Laramie WY 82071 USA. Faculty of History University of Oxford George Street OX1 2RL Oxford UK. Department of Anthropology Museum of Anthropological Archaeology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA. Anthropology Program American University of Central Asia Aaly Tokombaev st. 7/6 720060 Bishkek Kyrgyzstan. Departments of Anthropology and History McGill University 855 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 2T7 Canada. Univers

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Multi-year characterisation of the broad-band emission from the intermittent extreme BL Lac 1ES 2344+514

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Abe, H. Abe, S. Acciari, V.A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Arbet Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. Barres de Almeida, U. Batković, I. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. D’Ammando, F. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Del Popolo, A. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Delgado Mendez, C. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. García López, R.J. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giesbrecht Paiva, J.G. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Grau, R. Green, J.G. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Imazawa, R. Inada, T. Iotov, R. Ishio, K. Jiménez Martínez, I. Jormanainen, J. Kerszberg, D. Kluge, G.W. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez Lezáun, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Molero González, M. Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nishijima, K. Njoh Ekoume, T. Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Okumura, A. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J.M. Pavlović, D. Persic, M. Pihet, M. Pirola, G. Podobnik, F. Prada Moroni, P.G. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy The Barcelona InsINAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia Via Gobetti 101 BolognaI-40129 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Pola

Aims. The BL Lac 1ES 2344+514 is known for temporary extreme properties (e.g., a shift of the synchrotron spectral energy distribution (SED) peak energy νsynch,p above 1 keV). While those extreme states were so far observed only during high flux levels, additional multi-year observing campaigns are required to achieve a coherent picture. Here, we report the longest investigation of the source from radio to very high energy (VHE) performed so far, focusing on a systematic characterisation of the intermittent extreme states. Methods. We organised a monitoring campaign covering a 3-year period from 2019 to 2021. More than ten instruments participated in the observations in order to cover the emission from radio to VHE. In particular, sensitive X-ray measurements by XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and AstroSat took place simultaneously with multi-hour MAGIC observations, providing an unprecedented constraint of the two SED components for this blazar. Results. While our results confirm that 1ES 2344+514 typically exhibits νsynch,p > 1 keV during elevated flux periods, we also find periods where the extreme state coincides with low flux activity. A strong spectral variability thus happens in the quiescent state, and is likely caused by an increase of the electron acceleration efficiency without a change in the electron injection luminosity. On the other hand, we also report a strong X-ray flare (among the brightest for 1ES 2344+514) without a significant shift of νsynch,p. During this particular flare, the X-ray spectrum is among the softest of the campaign. It unveils complexity in the spectral evolution, where the common "harder-when-brighter" trend observed in BL Lacs is violated. By combining Swift-XRT and Swift-UVOT measurements during a low and hard X-ray state, we find an excess of the UV flux with respect to an extrapolation of the X-ray spectrum to lower energies. This "UV excess" implies that at least two regions contribute significantly to the infrared/optical/ultraviolet/

关键词： Galaxies

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Small hydropower spot prediction using SWAT and a diversion algorithm, case study: Upper Citarum Basin

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Hadi Kardhana Doni Khaira Arya Iwan K. Hadihardaja Widyaningtyas Edi Riawan Atika Lubis 1Water Resources Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Indonesia 2Master of Civil Engineering Program Study Graduate School of ITB Indonesia 3Atmospheric Science Research Group Faculty of Earth Science and Technology ITB Indonesia

Small-Scale Hydropower (SHP) had been important electric energy power source in Indonesia. Indonesia is vast countries, consists of more than 17.000 islands. It has large fresh water resource about 3 m of rainfall and 2 m of runoff. Much of its topography is mountainous, remote but abundant with potential energy. Millions of people do not have sufficient access to electricity, some live in the remote places. Recently, SHP development was encouraged for energy supply of the places. Development of global hydrology data provides opportunity to predict distribution of hydropower potential. In this paper, we demonstrate run-of-river type SHP spot prediction tool using SWAT and a river diversion algorithm. The use of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with input of CFSR (Climate Forecast System Re-analysis) of 10 years period had been implemented to predict spatially distributed flow cumulative distribution function (CDF). A simple algorithm to maximize potential head of a location by a river diversion expressing head race and penstock had been applied. Firm flow and power of the SHP were estimated from the CDF and the algorithm. The tool applied to Upper Citarum River Basin and three out of four existing hydropower locations had been well predicted. The result implies that this tool is able to support acceleration of SHP development at earlier phase.

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Urban forests for sustainable urban development

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Denny M. Sundara Djoko M. Hartono Emirhadi Suganda Herman Haeruman J. S. 1Doctoral Student at Environmental Science Program University of Indonesia Jl. Salemba Raya no. 4 Jakarta-10430 Indonesia 2Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering University of Indonesia Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia 3Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture Engineering University of Indonesia Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia 4Environmental Science Program University of Indonesia Jl. Salemba Raya no. 4 Jakarta-10430 Indonesia

This paper explores the development of the urban forest in East Jakarta. By 2030 Jakarta area has a target of 30% green area covering 19,845 hectares, including urban forest covering an area of 4,631 hectares. In 2015, the city forest is only 646 hectares, while the city requires 3,985 hectares of new land Urban forest growth from year to year showed a marked decrease with increasing land area awoke to commercial functions, environmental conditions encourage the development of the city to become unsustainable. This research aims to support sustainable urban development and ecological balance through the revitalization of green areas and urban development. Analytical methods for urban forest area is calculated based on the amount of CO2 that comes from people, vehicles, and industrial. Urban spatial analysis based on satellite image data, using a GIS program is an analysis tool to determine the distribution and growth patterns of green areas. This paper uses a dynamic system model to simulate the conditions of the region against intervention to be performed on potential areas for development of urban forests. The result is a model urban forest area is integrated with a social and economic function to encourage the development of sustainable cities.

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2-[(Hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol in water as a preservative: Study of formaldehyde released by Taguchi's method 5

2-[(Hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol in water as a preservative: ...

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5th International Conference on Chemical and Bioprocess engineering, ICCBPE 2015

作者： Wisessirikul, W. Loykulnant, S. Montha, S. Fhulua, T. Prapainainar, P. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced and Sustainable Environmental Engineering Thailand Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Kasetsart University Bangkok10900 Thailand Natural Rubber Focus Unit National Metal and Materials Technology Center NSTDA 111 Paholyothin Rd. Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani12120 Thailand Environment Research Unit National Metal and Materials Technology Center NSTDA 111 Paholyothin Rd. Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani12120 Thailand National Center of Excellence for Petroleum Petrochemicals and Advance Materials Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Thailand Center of Excellence of Nanotechnology Kasetsart University Thailand

This research studied the quantity of free formaldehyde released from 2- [(hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol (HAE) in DI water and natural rubber latex mixture using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The quantity of formaldehyde retained in the solution was cross-checked by using titration technique. The investigated factors were the concentration of preservative (HAE), pH, and temperature. Taguchi's method was used to design the experiments. The number of experiments was reduced to 16 experiments from all possible experiments by orthogonal arrays (3 factors and 4 levels in each factor). Minitab program was used as a tool for statistical calculation and for finding the suitable condition for the preservative system. HPLC studies showed that higher temperature and higher concentration of the preservative influence the amount of formaldehyde released. It was found that conditions at which formaldehyde was released in the lowest amount were 1.6%w/v HAE, 4 to 40 °C, and the original pH. Nevertheless, the pH value of NR latex should be more than 10 (the suitable pH value was found to be 13). This preservative can be used to replace current preservative systems and can maintain the quality of latex for long-term storage. Use of the proposed preservative system was also shown to have reduced impact on the toxicity of the environment. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Formaldehyde

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Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

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Archives of virology 2021年第12期166卷 3567-3579页

作者： Jens H Kuhn Scott Adkins Bernard R Agwanda Rim Al Kubrusli Sergey V Alkhovsky Gaya K Amarasinghe Tatjana Avšič-Županc María A Ayllón Justin Bahl Anne Balkema-Buschmann Matthew J Ballinger Christopher F Basler Sina Bavari Martin Beer Nicolas Bejerman Andrew J Bennett Dennis A Bente Éric Bergeron Brian H Bird Carol D Blair Kim R Blasdell Dag-Ragnar Blystad Jamie Bojko Wayne B Borth Steven Bradfute Rachel Breyta Thomas Briese Paul A Brown Judith K Brown Ursula J Buchholz Michael J Buchmeier Alexander Bukreyev Felicity Burt Carmen Büttner Charles H Calisher Mengji Cao Inmaculada Casas Kartik Chandran Rémi N Charrel Qi Cheng Yuya Chiaki Marco Chiapello Il-Ryong Choi Marina Ciuffo J Christopher S Clegg Ian Crozier Elena Dal Bó Juan Carlos de la Torre Xavier de Lamballerie Rik L de Swart Humberto Debat Nolwenn M Dheilly Emiliano Di Cicco Nicholas Di Paola Francesco Di Serio Ralf G Dietzgen Michele Digiaro Olga Dolnik Michael A Drebot J Felix Drexler William G Dundon W Paul Duprex Ralf Dürrwald John M Dye Andrew J Easton Hideki Ebihara Toufic Elbeaino Koray Ergünay Hugh W Ferguson Anthony R Fooks Marco Forgia Pierre B H Formenty Jana Fránová Juliana Freitas-Astúa Jingjing Fu Stephanie Fürl Selma Gago-Zachert George Fú Gāo María Laura García Adolfo García-Sastre Aura R Garrison Thomas Gaskin Jean-Paul J Gonzalez Anthony Griffiths Tony L Goldberg Martin H Groschup Stephan Günther Roy A Hall John Hammond Tong Han Jussi Hepojoki Roger Hewson Jiang Hong Ni Hong Seiji Hongo Masayuki Horie John S Hu Tao Hu Holly R Hughes Florian Hüttner Timothy H Hyndman M Ilyas Risto Jalkanen Dàohóng Jiāng Gilda B Jonson Sandra Junglen Fujio Kadono Karia H Kaukinen Michael Kawate Boris Klempa Jonas Klingström Gary Kobinger Igor Koloniuk Hideki Kondō Eugene V Koonin Mart Krupovic Kenji Kubota Gael Kurath Lies Laenen Amy J Lambert Stanley L Langevin Benhur Lee Elliot J Lefkowitz Eric M Leroy Shaorong Li Longhui Li Jiànróng Lǐ Huazhen Liu Igor S Lukashevich Piet Maes William Marciel de Souza Marco Marklewitz Sergio H Marshall Shin-Yi L Marzano Se Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Frederick MD USA. kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service US Horticultural Research Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA. Zoology Department National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Nairobi Kenya. Division Phytomedicine Faculty of Life Sciences Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany. D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation Moscow Russia. Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA. Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Campus de Montegancedo Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain. Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain. Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Insitute of Bioinformatics University of Georgia Athens GA USA. Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany. Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA. Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt Frederick MD USA. Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany. UFyMA INTA-CONICET Cordoba Argentina. Genomics and Bioinformatics D

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Corrigendum to “Carbonate delta drift: A new sediment drift type” [Mar. Geol. 401 (2018) 98–111]

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Marine Geology 2018年 406卷 214-215页

作者： Thomas Lüdmann Christian Betzler Gregor P. Eberli Jesús Reolid John J.G. Reijmer Craig R. Sloss Or M. Bialik Carlos A. Alvarez-Zarikian Montserrat Alonso-García Clara L. Blättler Junhua Adam Guo Sébastien Haffen Senay Horozal Mayuri Inoue Luigi Jovane Dick Kroon Luca Lanci Juan Carlos Laya Jeremy R. Young Institute of Geology CEN University of Hamburg Bundesstrasse 55 Hamburg 20146 Germany Department of Marine Geosciences Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science University of Miami Miami FL 33149 USA College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Technology Queensland R-Block 317 2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences University of Haifa Carmel 31905 Israel International Ocean Discovery Program Texas A&M University Discovery Drive College Station TX 77845 USA Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6 1495-006 Portugal Centro de Ciencias do Mar (CCMAR) Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal Department of Geosciences Princeton University Guyot Hall Princeton NJ 08544 USA Department of Geological Sciences California State University Bakersfield 9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield CA 93311 USA Physical Properties Specialist Ecole Nationale Superieure de Geologie Universite de Lorraine 2 rue du Doyen Marcel Roubault Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy 54501 France Petroleum and Marine Research Division Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Gwahang-no 124 Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka 700-8530 Japan Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo Praça do Oceanográfico 191 São Paulo SP 05508-120 Brazil School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Grant Institute The King's Buildings James Hutton Edinburgh EH9 3FE United Kingdom Istituto di Scienze della Terra Università di Urbino Via S. Chiara 27 Urbino 61029 Italy Department of Geology and Geophysics Texas A&M University Mail Stop 3115 College Station TX 77843-3115 US

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"what We Breathe Impacts Our Health: Improving Understanding of the Link between Air Pollution and Health"

"what We Breathe Impacts Our Health: Improving Understanding...

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作者： West, J. Jason Cohen, Aaron Dentener, Frank Brunekreef, Bert Zhu, Tong Armstrong, Ben Bell, Michelle L. Brauer, Michael Carmichael, Gregory Costa, Dan L. Dockery, Douglas W. Kleeman, Michael Krzyzanowski, Michal Künzli, Nino Liousse, Catherine Lung, Shih-Chun Candice Martin, Randall V. Pöschl, Ulrich Pope, C. Arden Roberts, James M. Russell, Armistead G. Wiedinmyer, Christine Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States Health Effects Institute BostonMA02110 United States European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability IspraI. 21027 Italy Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Universiteit Utrecht Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht3584 CJ Netherlands State Key Lab for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Social and Environmental Health Research London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LondonWC1E 7HT United Kingdom School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z3 Canada Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States Air Climate and Energy Research Program Office of Research and Development Environmental Protection Agency DurhamNC27705 United States Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health BostonMA02115 United States Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California at Davis DavisCA95616 United States Environmental Research Group King's College London LondonSE1 9NH United Kingdom Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland University of Basel Basel Switzerland Laboratoire d' Aérologie CNRS-Université de Toulouse Toulouse31400 France Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University HalifaxNSB3H 4R2 Canada Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CambridgeMA02138 United States Multiphase Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz55128 Germany Economics Brigham Young University ProvoUT84602 United States Ea

Air pollution contributes to the premature deaths of millions of people each year around the world, and air quality problems are growing in many developing nations. While past policy efforts have succeeded in reducing particulate matter and trace gases in North America and Europe, adverse health effects are found at even these lower levels of air pollution. Future policy actions will benefit from improved understanding of the interactions and health effects of different chemical species and source categories. Achieving this new understanding requires air pollution scientists and engineers to work increasingly closely with health scientists. In particular, research is needed to better understand the chemical and physical properties of complex air pollutant mixtures, and to use new observations provided by satellites, advanced in situ measurement techniques, and distributed micro monitoring networks, coupled with models, to better characterize air pollution exposure for epidemiological and toxicological research, and to better quantify the effects of specific source sectors and mitigation strategies. © 2016 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Health

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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Smaller desert dust cooling effect estimated from analysis of dust size and abundance

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Kok, Jasper F. Ridley, David A. Zhou, Qing Miller, Ron L. Zhao, Chun Heald, Colette L. Ward, Daniel S. Albani, Samuel Haustein, Karsten Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Statistics University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New YorkNY10025 United States School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette France School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3QY United Kingdom

Desert dust aerosols affect Earth's global energy balance through direct interactions with radiation, and through indirect interactions with clouds and ecosystems. But the magnitudes of these effects are so uncertain that it remains unclear whether atmospheric dust has a net warming or cooling effect on global climate. Consequently, it is still uncertain whether large changes in atmospheric dust loading over the past century have slowed or accelerated anthropogenic climate change, or what the effects of potential future changes in dust loading will be. Here we present an analysis of the size and abundance of dust aerosols to constrain the direct radiative effect of dust. Using observational data on dust abundance, in situ measurements of dust optical properties and size distribution, and climate and atmospheric chemical transport model simulations of dust lifetime, we find that the dust found in the atmosphere is substantially coarser than represented in current global climate models. Since coarse dust warms climate, the global dust direct radiative effect is likely to be less cooling than the --0.4 W/m2 estimated by models in a current global aerosol model ensemble. Instead, we constrain the dust direct radiative effect to a range between -0.48 and +0.20 W/m2, which includes the possibility that dust causes a net warming of the planet. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dust

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