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Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: effects of reaction temperature and acid concentration on the production of hydrolysis by-products

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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2023年第9期13卷 7533-7546页

作者： Pham, Van Toi Guan, Chung-Yu Han, Po-Chun Matsagar, Babasaheb M. Wu, Kevin C. W. Ahamad, Tansir Chang, Ching-Yuan Yu, Chang-Ping Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Faculty of Environmental Engineering National University of Civil Engineering 55 Giai Phong Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Department of Environmental Engineering National Ilan University Yilan260 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Green Materials and Precision Devices National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Water Innovation Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

Sewage sludge (SS) is an organic biomass from wastewater treatment plants, but the use of SS to produce bio-based chemicals under acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (ACH) processes is not well investigated. In this study, ACH processes were performed at 120, 150, and 180 °C using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with concentrations of 0–0.5 M within a reaction time of 90–180 min to produce bio-based chemicals from SS. The results showed that the reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentrations of H2SO4 affected the yields of sugars, levulinic acid (LA), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The highest xylose and glucose yields were 7.69 mol% and 5.22 mol% at 120 °C with 0.5 M H2SO4 during the 180 min of reaction time, respectively. Besides, under the ACH process at 180 °C and 180 min, the yield of LA reached a maximum value of 0.48 mol% at 0.5 M H2SO4, and the highest yield of HMF was 1.66 mol% at 0.1 M H2SO4. The data obtained also indicated that the ACH process led to an increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and total dissolved nitrogen. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix of dissolved organic matter and thermogravimetric analysis of the treated SS further supported the enhanced solubilization of SS after ACH process, especially under higher reaction temperature and concentrations of H2SO4. Although the lower yields of bio-based chemicals might restrict the downstream recovery of the target products, the largely improved SS solubilization by ACH suggests that acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis process has potential as an alternative pretreatment method of SS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Sewage sludge

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Hierarchical kinetic simulation for autocatalytic decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide at low temperatures

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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2009年第3期96卷 751-758页

作者： Chen, Jiann-Rong Cheng, Shyh-Yuch Yuan, Min-Hao Kossoy, Arcady A. Shu, Chi-Min General Education Hsiuping Institute of Technology 11 Gong-Ye Road Dali Taichung County 41280 Taiwan Doctoral Program Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Sec. 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Hygiene Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science 60 Erh-Jen Road Sec.1 Jente Tainan 71710 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Ltd 14 Dobrolubov Ave St. Petersburg 197198 Russia

A hierarchical set of kinetic models were proposed and discussed for simulation of autocatalytic decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in cumene at low temperatures. The hierarchy leads from a formal model of full autocatalysis, which is based on conversion degree as a state variable, through a two-stage autocatalytic concentration-based model to a meticulous multi-stage model of the reaction. By the ForK (Formal Kinetics) and DesK (Descriptive Kinetics) software, developed by ChemInform Saint Petersburg (CISP) Ltd., the related kinetic parameters and their significance have also been estimated and elucidated. Through this best-fit approach, it is possible to formulate a systematic methodology on the kinetic studies for thermal decomposition of typical organic peroxides with autocatalytic nature, specifically at low temperature ranges. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

关键词： Kinetic parameters

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HSPF-Paddy simulation of water flow and quality for the saemangeum watershed in Korea

HSPF-Paddy simulation of water flow and quality for the saem...

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作者： Jeon, J.-H. Yoon, C.G. Jung, K.-W. Jang, J.-H. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2093 United States Environmental Science Department Konkuk University 1 Hwayang-dong Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 Korea Republic of Graduate Program Konkuk University 1 Hwayang-dong Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)1843395975

The Hydrological Simulation program-FORTRAN (HSPF) is a comprehensive model that was developed to simulate many processes related to water flow and quality in watersheds of almost any size and complexity. Paddy rice fields often dominate extensive portions of the landscape in the Asian monsoon region. The hydrological and environmental conditions of paddy fields differ somewhat from those of other land uses, and HSPF may not adequately simulate watersheds in paddy farming regions. HSPF was previously modified to HSPF-Paddy;here, we examined the applicability of the modified model. The model was applied to simulate the water flow and quality of the Saemangeum watershed (2523 km2) in Korea, where paddy rice fields comprise about one-third of the total watershed area. Long-term monitoring data (5 years for water flow, 10 years for water quality) were used in the calibration and verification processes. Model performance was in the range of "very good" and "good" based on model efficiency (R2) and percent difference. The accuracy of the daily simulation was lower than that of monthly simulation for water flow. The water-quality simulation results were encouraging for this sizable watershed with mixed land uses;HSPF-Paddy proved adequate, and its application is recommended to simulate watershed processes in paddy farming regions. © IWA Publishing 2007.

关键词： Watersheds

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A productivity analysis considering environmental pollution and diseases in China

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Journal of Economic Structures 2015年第1期4卷 1-19页

作者： Cao, Huijuan Fujii, Hidemichi Managi, Shunsuke Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6-6-20 Aramaki-Aza Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Aoba-Ku Japan Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan Global Environmental Engineering Program School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Queensland University of Technology Level 8 Z Block Gardens Point 2 George St Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia

environmental pollution and human health problems are becoming serious issues in China. This research focuses on regional differences in productive inefficiencies and attempts to clarify the determinants of inefficiency, accounting economic, environmental and health-related factors. Our dataset includes information of 29 areas in China from 2003 to 2009. We find that after accounting for environmental pollution and health impacts, the productive inefficiency of the examined areas reduced;this result holds for both the national and provincial levels. Our results imply that government efforts to improve social welfare should emphasize increases in foreign direct investment and private medical expenditures. JEL codes: I15, O44, O47, R11. © 2015, Cao et al.

关键词： China Disease environmental pollution Regional disparity Weighted Russell directional distance function

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Analytical and experimental studies on human body communication between wristwatch and handheld devices using muscle homogenous phantom at 10 MHz

Analytical and experimental studies on human body communicat...

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作者： Muramatsu, Dairoku Koshiji, Fukuro Koshiji, Kohji Sasaki, Ken Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies Graduate School of Frontier Science University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha Kashiwa-shi Chiba277-8563 Japan Program in Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kokushikan University 4-28-1 Setagaya Setagaya-ku Tokyo154-8515 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki Noda-shi Chiba278-8510 Japan

In human body communication, it is important to investigate the input impedance characteristics of electrodes and transmission characteristics between transceivers for improving the qualities of communication and reducing power consumption. In this work, we studied the input impedance characteristics and transmission characteristics between a wristwatch device and a handheld device using both a three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation and experiment at 10 MHz. The input impedance and transmission characteristics obtained from the simulation using a muscle homogenous model and those obtained from the measurement using a muscle-tissue-equivalent phantom showed good consistency. The calculated electric field around a human arm decreased as it moved away from the surface of the arm. This distribution of the electric field showed the advantages of human body communication, which are confidential communication and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Moreover, power consumption at the feeding point of the system was calculated from the transmission characteristics obtained from the simulation. This result indicated that human body communication achieves low-power consumption.

关键词： Electrodes

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CVN 68 class solid waste flow analysis

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 73-87页

作者： Markle, SP Gill, SE LCdr. Stephen P. Markely USN:is a career Engineering Duty Oficer assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command Arlington VA where he is Deputy Directol Environmental Protection Systems Division (SEA 03 LIB). He is responsible for Program Management activities associated with all afloat environmental protection equipment and serves on several teams designed to promote Navy wide awareraess of environmental protection requirements and Navy programs to meet these challenges. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Zchmlogy where he received a Naval Engineering Degree and Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. His interest in environmental issues predates his undergraduate studies at Syracuse UniversitylState University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestw where he received a Bachelm of Science degree in Forrest Engineering from the School of Environmental and Resource Engineeriw. LCdr Markle has qualified as a Surface Warfare Oficer and in submarines through Engineering Duty Dolphin Program. He is a Professional Engineer registered in the State of New York and is a member ofASNE NSPE ASTM SNAME and SAE. Sean G. Gill:is a Senior Engineer with GEO-CENTERS incorporated in Pittsburgh PA where he provides technical and administrative support to the Naval Sea Systems Command (SEA 03L1) and the Carderock Division of the Naval Surfme Waflare Center (Code a) principal& on the shipboard and submarine solid waste management programs. Prior to joining GEO-CENTERS incorporated in 1996 he worked for eleven years at the Carderock Division of the Naval Surfme Warfare Center as a project engineer and a Branch Head. In the former capacity Mr Gill participated in various blackwatel gray watel and oily wastewater treatment projects oversaw the development of the Navy Pulper and was Center's technical team leader for the NAVSEA Solid Waste management program. In 1994 he was assigned to be Branch Head of Code 634 the Solid Waste Management

Through a detailed Research and Development program, the U.S. Navy has developed a suite of shipboard solid waste management equipment enabling compliance with federal and international law. Four major equipment types have been developed to outfit twenty-seven classes of naval surface ships. The major equipment types are: Plastic Waste Processor (PWP), Metal/Glass Shredder (MGS), Large Pulper (LP), and Small Pulper (SP). The Navy is aggressively procuring and installing this equipment aboard all ships of FFG 7 Class and larger. A deadline of December 31, 2000 has been set for completion. engineering analysis and held waste generation studies were conducted to select the specific equipment suite and develop alteration documentation for each ship class. Specific factors in this process were: solid waste generation rates, equipment reliability analysis, ship arrangement considerations, daily equipment operation Limits, and shipboard quality of life issues. A solid waste management study was conducted in the fall of 1997 to validate Navy equipment and ship design parameters onboard the USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74). Generation rates for shipboard solid waste were determined for plastic, metal and glass, food, paper, cardboard, fabric and wood. engineering analysis of data allowed a decrease in CVN 68 Class design waste generation rates. engineering analysis enabled a reduction in the number of PWPs and MGSs required, and fewer spaces for efficient operation. Ship arrangement studies were conducted to optimize efficiency and equipment mix of Solid Waste Processing Rooms (SWPRs) relative to waste generation sites. This paper briefly articulates the process followed by the Navy in responding to regulations governing solid waste management in the marine environment. Evidence validating the engineering procedures followed is presented.

关键词： Ship equipment

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Comparative analysis of hydrochemical variables of two Ramsar-listed lakes in Pokhara Valley, Nepal

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International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 2023年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Pant, R.R. Bishwakarma, K. Pal, K.B. Thapa, L.B. Shrestha, R.G. Karuppannan, S. Garu, L. Bista, S. Singh, V.B. Central Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Central Department of Botany Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Osaka Suita 565-0871 Japan School of Applied Natural Sciences (SoANS) Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia Environmental Health in Disaster Program Central Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India

Freshwater is one of the indispensable resources for the livelihood improvement of people and ecological sustainability. This study aims to assess the hydrochemical characteristics and drinking and irrigational water quality of the Ramsar-listed Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake in the Gandaki Province, Nepal. The results revealed that the water was mildly alkaline in both lakes. The order of ionic dominancy was found to be HCO₃⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > Cl⁻ > NO₃⁻ for anions and Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ for cations in both the lakes. The results showed that ion sources in both lakes were primarily regulated by carbonate type weathering, which was consistent with the results obtained from the (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)/total cations and (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)/(K⁺ + Na⁺) ratios, which had average values of 0.50 and 0.46;and 5.10 and 4.0, respectively, in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, respectively. All the irrigational indices showed that the water from both lakes was appropriate for irrigational purposes. The water quality index exhibited that the water in the study lakes was suitable for drinking purposes. The imprints of global climate change and increasing anthropic interferences could be crucial factors for the water quality management of Himalayan lakes in the future. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of environmentalists (IRSEN) and science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University 2022.

关键词： Chemical characterization Himalaya lakes Hydrochemistry Ramsar site Water quality

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engineering the environmentally sound warship for the twenty-first century

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 189-217页

作者： Markle, SP Gill, SE McGraw, PS Udr. Stephen P. Markle USN is a career Engineering Duty officer assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command Arlington Virginia where he is Deputy Directs Environmental Programs Division (SEA 03L1 B). He is responsible fm program management activities associated with all ahat environmental protection equipment design and selection of environmental protection equipment and systems fm future surface ship designs (DD 21 CVN 7Z CW LPD 17) and serves on several teams designed to promote Nay wide awarmss of environmental protection requirements and Nay programs to meet these challenges. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a naval engineers degree and master of science in mechanical engineering. His interest in environmental issues predates his undergraduate studies at Syracuse Universityl State University of New Ymk College of Environmental Science and Fmestry where he received a bachelm of science degree in fmest engineering from the School of Environmental and Resource Engineering. LCdx Markle has qualified as a Surface Warfare Officer and in submarines through the Engineering Duty Dolphin Program he is a member of the Acquisition Professional Community and a graduate of the Defense Systems Management College Advanced Program Managers Course. He is a professional engineer registered in the State of New York and is a member ofthe American Society of Naval Engineers National Society of Professional Engineers American Society for Testing and Materials Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and Society of Automotive Engineers. Peter 5. McGraw is current the Acting Branch Head ofthe Solid Waste Management Branch (Code 634) of the Environmental Quality Dwrtment of the Naval Surfice Warfare Centel: Carderock Division. As such he is responsible for among other things: the Shipboard Advanced Incinerator RDT&E Program the Submarine Plastic Waste RDT&E Program Solid Waste Processing Equipment Design Acquisitio

The past twenty-five years has been marked by the introduction ed marine environmental regulations that have had a profound effect on how ships are designed, built and operated. Ships being designed and built today must accommodate not only current regulations but anticipate those enacted over their thirty to fifty year life cycles. U.S. Chief of Naval Operations, Office of environmental, Safety and Health (CNO N45) has articulated a vision for the environmentally Sound Warship of the Twenty-first Century. This vision incorporates the "Sense of Congress" for a naval ship designed to operate in full compliance with environmental regulations worldwide. The task of the Navy engineering team is to translate this vision into reality;a ship capable of prevailing in time of war and able to conduct operations in all areas of the globe, unencumbered by special procedures for environmental compliance. The keys to this warship design are the early integration of environmentally sound principles, materials, and processes into the ship acquisition process;minimization of both hazardous materials and generation of post shipboard consumer waste during operation;adaptation of integrated systems to reduce the volume of wastes and enhance processing efficiency;reduced manpower requirements;and crew indoctrination in environmental protection.

关键词： Ships environmental regulations engineering ARTICULATED Navy environmental security

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Enhancement of High-Voltage DC Insulation Performance and Mechanical Properties in Polypropylene Nanocomposites with Silane-Coated MgO

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Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2025年

作者： Kim, Young Nam Kim, Minah Yoon, Somi Kim, Yebom Choi, Yong-Seok Lee, Seung Jun Wie, Jeong Jae Yoon, Ho Gyu Jung, Yong Chae RAMP Convergence Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 92 Chudong-ro Bongdong-eup Jeonbuk Wanju-gun 55324 South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seoul Seongbuk-gu 02841 South Korea ILJIN Electric Co. Ltd. 905-64 Mannyeon-ro Gyeonggi-do Hwaseong-si 18365 South Korea Department of Organic and Nano Engineering Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro Seoul Seongdong-gu 04763 South Korea Hyunday Engineering Plastic (HDC) 1221-32 Daehoman-ro Seokmun-myeon Chungcheongnam-do Dangin-shi 31703 South Korea Human-Tech Convergence Program Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro Seoul Seongdong-gu South Korea Department of Chemical Engineering State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry 1 Forestry Drive Syracuse 13210 NY United States

In this study, magnesium oxide (MgO) is introduced as an inorganic oxide filler to utilize polypropylene (PP) as an insulating material, and silane (SiO₂) coating is applied to the surface of the nanoparticles to simultaneously improve the insulating properties and mechanical properties in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) environment. First, MgO particles with an average particle diameter of ≈200–250 nm are surface-modified by silane treatment (MgO@SiO₂) and compounded with PP matrix by biaxial melt compounding process. XPS and FT-IR analysis confirmed the effective silane coating on the surface of MgO particles, while STEM-EDX and XRM analysis visually demonstrated that the coated MgO@SiO₂ is uniformly dispersed inside the PP. In terms of mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, bending strength, and strain at break, the PP/MgO@SiO₂ insulation composites show superior results compared to neat PP and PP/MgO insulation composites, which are attributed to the increased interfacial affinity and improved filler dispersion due to the silane coating. In addition, the PP/MgO@SiO₂ sample exhibits the highest value for direct current breakdown dielectric strength (DCBD), confirming that it can realize stable insulation performance in a high field. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： DCBD HVDC MgO polypropylene silane coated

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Using a PCR-DGGE method to analyze diazotrophic diversity in soil and root nodules of Casuarina in the Sihu area

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Taiwan Journal of Forest science 2017年第2期32卷 101-110页

作者： Chang, Tsung-Po Hung, Chun-Hsiung Wu, Yu-Ting Lin, Lei-Chen Program of Agriculture Science National Chiayi Univ. 300 Syuefu Rd. Chiayi City60004 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung Hsing Univ. 250 Kuo Kuang Rd. Taichung40227 Taiwan Department of Forestry National Pingtung Univ. of Science and Technology 1 Shuefu Road Neipu Pingtung91201 Taiwan Department of Forestry and Nature Resources National Chiayi Univ. 300 Syuefu Rd. Chiayi City60004 Taiwan

Casuarina spp. are major windbreak species in coastal forests of Taiwan. With great ability for rapid growth and adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, they enhance soil stabilization and provide protection and rehabilitation for coastal areas. Many factors may limit the reproduction of Casuarina in coastal areas such as infertile soil, drought, salt stress, litterfall, and weeds. In addition, nitrogen is generally considered one of the major nutrients in plant growth, and Casuarina plants can obtain nitrogen sources through association with Frankia via root nodules. In order to understand the interaction between diverse diazotrophic diversity and different test sites of Casuarina spp. determine whether it is the diversity level of diazotrophic on healthy and on declining Casuarina spp., or the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nodules of Casuarina spp., direct amplification of the nifH gene for a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis with the primer pair polF-GC/polR was applied in this study. The results demonstrated that there were 2 groups of nitrogen-fixing bacteria collected from these root nodule samples that appeared on the PCR-DGGE profiles. Whether Casuarina stands are on the decline or not, a high diversity of diazotrophic community has been observed among all test sites. Therefore, this study shows that the declining Casuarina is not related to the diazotophic diversity.

关键词： Stabilization

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