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Sweat sensing in wearable sensor: A review of the future non-invasive technology for real-time health monitoring system

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2537卷

作者： Elly Septia Yulianti Nurul Intan Siti Fauziyah Rahman Basari 1Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia 2Research Center for Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia

Wearable sensors are devices used in the diagnostic process for real-time health monitoring systems. Types of sensors are generally based on physical sensors and chemical sensors. However, the types of wearable sensors that are largely commercialized are limited to physical sensors. Some diagnostic processes generally use the blood collecting method to determine a patient’s condition. However, this method can cause adverse effects such as infection, pain, and bruising for some patients. Chemical-based wearable sensors are capable of detecting metabolic conditions in the body and can be an alternative to the existing method. Based on an approach using alternative analytes, sweat is the most frequently used because it is highly accessible and proceeds good parameters compared to the blood. Several studies related to wearable sensors using sweat have been done to increase convenience during the sampling process. Electrochemical, biosensor, and hybrid with several sampling methods, including microfluidic system, absorbent material, superhydrophobic-super hydrophilic surface, and iontophoresis, can be used for wearable sensor analysis method. Over the past decade, the characteristics of wearable sensors (i.e., selectivity, sensitivity, stability, and response time), textile materials, and biofuel cell technology for self-powered sensor development have also increased. From these classifications, it can be concluded that the method which is highly feasible to be developed is electrochemical wearable sensors that combine microfluidic and iontophoresis systems. The system is also expected to have stretchable material and is equipped with an integrated biofuel cell system that has the potential to be developed in our upcoming research topic.

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The effect of polystyrene addition in characteristics of zinc oxide eugenol dental cement

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2314卷

作者： Prihartini Widiyanti Siswanto Betanty Prasetya Sadewi 1Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia 2Departement of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

Zinc oxide-eugenol cements are easier to be tolerated by tissue than other dental materials. They could relieve pain, antibacterial and antiseptic. The cements provide better sealing properties than other type of cements. They used as temporary filling materials, gingival dressings due to their poor mechanic properties. In order to increase the mechanical properties and to reduce solubility of this cement,the additive must be added in the composition of this cement. This study used dental materials, namely zinc oxide eugenol dental cement and polystyrene additives. The sample used in this study was made of the dental cement composition of zinc oxide eugenol cement without the addition of additives polystyrene and with the addition of 2%, 5% and 10% variations of *** results of the tensile strength test and compressive strength test are showed that the larger the percentage of polystyrene additives added to the samples, the greater the two parameters of mechanical strength. This result was in accordance with microstructure characteristic using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) which showed that the greater the percentage of the polystyrene additive, the more subtle the connection between the cement and the teeth.

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Design of BCI motor imagery classification using WPT-CSP and CNN

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2537卷

作者： Dio Alif Pradana Basari 1Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia 2Research Center for Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia

This study proposes a new method in an electroencephalograph (EEG)-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) that can directly utilize brain signals to control external devices. The motor Imagery (MI) signal, which contains an image of a certain limb movement, is generally used in BCI. It does not need direct movements. The implementation of MI-EEG signal into BCI still experiences major issues because the patterns obtained for each recording can vary from one another even though they have the same type of motion. In this study, we utilized the Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) method to decompose the EEG signal into specific sub-band frequencies and Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) as a spatial filter to increase the spatial resolution of the EEG signal. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was subsequently selected for training from the classifier. Next, the results of the training were used to classify the movements of the given MI-EEG. We evaluated the model using dataset 2a from Brain-Computer Interface Competition (BCIC) IV. The results of this method showed the increase in the accuracy of 32% and in Kappa up to 0.42 and the decrease in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) up to 1.21, compared with only using CNN as the classifier. These results showed fairly good performance compared to other methods used previously in dataset 2a from BCIC IV.

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Effects of variation of chitosan concentration on the characteristics of membrane cellulose bacteria-chitosan biocomposites as candidates for artificial dura mater

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1817卷

作者： Prihartini Widiyanti Hajria Jabbar Djony Izak Rudyardjo 1Biomedical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia 2Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia 3Physics Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine the effect of variation in concentration of chitosan on the physical and biological characteristics of the membrane of bacterial cellulose-chitosan biocomposites through immersion precipitation method. Bacterial cellulose membrane was soaked in a solution of chitosan whose concentration variation are 0.1%; 0.3%; 0.5% and 0.7%. The characterization tests which were conducted included the analysis of functional groups (FTIR), tensile strength test, morphology test (SEM), and cytotoxicity assay using MTT Assay method. Based on the cluster analysis test, the results of FTIR spectra indicate changes in the physical bond which means that there is interaction between the bacterial cellulose membrane with chitosan on each sample. The bacteria produced cellulose membrane with tensile strength of 10.53 ± 0.19 MPa while the microbial cellulose membrane by adding 0.5% chitosan concentration had tensile strength value of 8:58 ± 0.19 MPa. It shows that with the addition of chitosan it would decrease the tensile strength in microbial cellulose membrane. This was shown by 496.2 nm - 2,032 µm pore size with a thickness (mm) of 0:35 ± 0.33 to 0.81 ± 0.26. Based on the test results of the analysis of functional groups, tensile strength test, and morphology test, membrane microbial cellulose-chitosan biocomposites have the potential to be used as artificial dura mater candidate.

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Echo decorrelation imaging of ex vivo HIFU and bulk ultrasound ablation using image-treat arrays

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1821卷

作者： Tyler R. Fosnight Fong Ming Hooi Sadie B. Colbert Ryan D. Keil Peter G. Barthe T. Douglas Mast 1Biomedical Engineering Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio UNITED STATES 2Guided Therapy Systems/Ardent Sound Mesa Arizona UNITED STATES

In this study, the ability of ultrasound echo decorrelation imaging to map and predict heat-induced cell death was tested using bulk ultrasound thermal ablation, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) thermal ablation, and pulse-echo imaging of ex vivo liver tissue by a custom image-treat array. Tissue was sonicated at 5.0 MHz using either pulses of unfocused ultrasound (N=12) (7.5 s, 50.9-101.8 W/cm2 in situ spatial-peak, temporal-peak intensity) for bulk ablation or focused ultrasound (N=21) (1 s, 284-769 W/cm2 in situ spatial-peak, temporal-peak intensity and focus depth of 10 mm) for HIFU ablation. Echo decorrelation and integrated backscatter (IBS) maps were formed from radiofrequency pulse-echo images captured at 118 frames per second during 5.0 s rest periods, beginning 1.1 s after each sonication pulse. Tissue samples were frozen at −80˚C, sectioned, vitally stained, imaged, and semi-automatically segmented for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. ROC curves were constructed to assess prediction performance for echo decorrelation and IBS. Logarithmically scaled mean echo decorrelation in non-ablated and ablated tissue regions before and after electronic noise and motion correction were compared. Ablation prediction by echo decorrelation and IBS was significant for both focused and bulk ultrasound ablation. The log10-scaled mean echo decorrelation was significantly greater in regions of ablation for both HIFU and bulk ultrasound ablation. Echo decorrelation due to electronic noise and motion was significantly reduced by correction. These results suggest that ultrasound echo decorrelation imaging is a promising approach for real-time prediction of heat-induced cell death for guidance and monitoring of clinical thermal ablation, including radiofrequency ablation and HIFU.

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Design and development of photonic-based non-invasive hemoglobin level detector

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2314卷

作者： Suryani Dyah Astuti Ikhsan Rino Wijaya Osmalina Nur Rahma Alfian Pramudita Putra Muhammad Fahmi Akif Rahmatillah Riries Rulaningtyas 1Biomedical Engineering Master Degree Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia 2Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia 3Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

Hemoglobin is the protein molecule that binds oxygen in the blood. Hemoglobin level can be used as a benchmark of the human physiological condition, such as anemia, hypoxia, and postoperative bleeding. Generally, measurement of hemoglobin levels is performed by an invasive method that takes blood samples to be tested. This study offers a tele-monitoring system for measuring the hemoglobin level non-invasively, so it could reduce the possibility of infection or contamination to the body and can be monitored anywhere by using a website. This tele-monitoring device of non-invasive hemoglobin and oxygen saturation levels were designed by integrating the pulse oximetry sensor with signal conditioning circuit, Arduino Uno as a microcontroller, Ethernet module, an internet network, cloud server, and website. Pulse oximetry measured the oxygen saturation in the blood that indicate the vital state of human and became essential to determine the amount of hemoglobin level. The system performance in this study was tested on participants who had a good daily exercise and participants who never had daily activities to discover the correlation between hemoglobin levels with human physical activity and obtained 89% of accuracy. This system can be implemented as a personal device for monitoring the hemoglobin level and the oxygen saturation in daily used.

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Tuberculosis detection analysis using texture features on CXRs images

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2092卷

作者： Badarudin Hakim Basari 1Biomedical Engineering Course Program Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java Indonesia 16424 2Research Center for Biomedical Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 West-Java Indonesia

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common diseases in developing countries such as Indonesia. TB disease oftenly attacks the human lungs due to its high oxygen pressure. The basic characteristics of TB-infected lungs are in the form of wounds, which change its texture and shape. The common detection method is by comparing the X-ray thoracic image with the tuberculin skin test (TST) and fast acid staining methods. This diagnosis method is often constrained by the availability of radiologists in the health facilities. To overcome such situation, a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool is required to assist the doctor read the X-ray images easily. In this paper, a complementary detection method is proposed by using a chest X-ray (CXR) image to assist the diagnosis process. In current method, the image is segmented to reduce unnecessary parts prior to preprocessing step. We use a texture-based feature approach for detection purpose because most of the common examination methods for abnormality detection on CXRs is by analyzing the change of textural (content) CXR. In our texture approach, we use texture-based statistical properties on the histogram’s intensity. Some features that are used in this approach including Mean, Standard Deviation, Smoothness, Entropy, Root Mean Square (RMS), Variance, Kurtosis, Skewness, and Inverse Difference Moment (IDM). As a result of simulation, it indicates that CXR images can be well segmented to localize the focus area, allowing to the features can be extracted from the CXR image for further detection process. The obtained accuracy is about 93.94% and 92.86%, respectively for Shenzhen-Chest X-ray dataset and Montgomery County-Chest X-ray dataset.

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Evaluation on requirements of nuclear medicine facility building

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2180卷

作者： Anita Nur Mayani Basari 1Biomedical Engineering Course Program Departement of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia 2Research Center for Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia

Nuclear medicine is one of medical fields that uses ionizing radiation sources for therapeutic and diagnostic imaging for cancer. The number of nuclear medicine services in Indonesia is 17 hospitals, which only 10 is active in conducting nuclear medicine services because it doesn’t meet the requirements. Regulations about the standards of nuclear medicine services Indonesia are regulated by KMK number 008/MENKES/SK/I/2009 but it have not yet been discussed the requirements in details for building design and layout design as reference. For this reason, the author did study about the requirements of a nuclear medical service facility referring to KMK number 008/MENKES/SK/I/2009 and the International Health Facility Guidelines to create layout design of nuclear medicine facility. This study is done by comparing national and international regulation for planning criteria and construct layout design of nuclear medicine facility as recommendation to accomplish the regulations in Ministry of Health decree, Republic of Indonesia number 008/MENKES/SK/I/2009 regarding nuclear medical requirements.

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Lumen and nuclei detection in histopathology of prostate cancer based on morphological feature extraction

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2554卷

作者： S. T. Yukiko Irliyani Riries Rulaningtyas S. Anny Rahaju I. Made Mas Dwiyana Prasetya Wibawa 1Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia 2Anatomical Pathology Department Medical Faculty Universitas Airlangga Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya Indonesia

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. The results of a fast and precise classification can be a fundamental objective of reference. Histological assessment is valuable information for doctors. The most common assessment for histological assessment of prostate cancer is the Gleason Grading System. Gleason pattern detection was done by extracting morphological features in the form of Line Length, Area Fraction, and the comparison between Line Length and Area Fraction. All morphological features become the input of backpropagation. Based on the results of backpropagation testing, this method can classify Gleason pattern images with an accuracy of 91.67%. The threshold of segmentation in determining the lumen and nucleus did not have a specific range in its threshold due to the lack of uniform contrast in each image.

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Braided structure artificial ligament from poly-l-lactide-co-caprolactone (PLA-CL) for anterior cruciate ligament injury

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2663卷

作者： Prihartini Widiyanti Ferisya Kusuma Sari Djony Izak Rudyardjo 1Biomedical Engineering Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia 2Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia

Based on the data from the National Sports Hospital of Indonesia in 2015, the sports injury cases in adults reached 1.5 million/year and in kids increased to 3-4 million/year. The body part that often gets injured is the knee, especially the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) which reached 50% of all the cases of knee injuries. The healing potential in ACL injury is very low due to poor vascularization. Therefore, many surgeons still prefer to perform surgery as an alternative way to treat the ACL injury. The use of artificial ligament for ACL surgery has many advantages compared to the autograft or allograft. In the previous study, PLLA was used as an artificial ligament. However, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was only 7 MPa, which is not reached the standard value for ACL. With the copolymerization between PLLA and PCL into PLA-CL, it is expected a material which fulfills the artificial ligament's standards. In addition, by using the braiding method, it is expected that the UTS value will be increased. This study is aimed to determine the effects of the variations in copolymer PLA-CL composition and the effects of the braiding angle. The variations in the composition that were used are 100:0, 85:15, 15:85 and 0:100 while the angular variations are 70° and 80°. The characteristics tested were functional groups, fiber morphology, pore size, mechanical properties, wettability, cytotoxicity, and degradation rate. The results of functional group tests with FTIR showed a shift in wave number and the appearance of chemical bonds in PLA-CL copolymers. The addition of caprolactone concentration could increase the fiber diameter and the pore size between fibers, which caused the decreasing of the mechanical strength. It could also increase the contact angle and the percentage of living cells, but it inhibited the degradation process. The optimal braiding angle based on the tensile test is 80°. The potential sample for artificial ligament candidate is PLA-CL (85:15) with

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