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Model predictive control in fermentation process – A review

AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2610卷

作者： Wan Ying Chai Kenneth Tze Kin Teo Min Keng Tan Heng Jin Tham 1Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia 2Electrical & Electronic Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

Fermentation process, in the aspect of industrial field, is defined as the involvement of microbes in mass production of valuable products. Microorganisms can produce complex compound which is difficult and costly to obtain through chemical synthesis. Also, bioprocess brings less negative impact towards the environment. However, microorganisms are very sensitive to their surroundings, particularly pH, temperature, oxygen amount and type of nutrients. Therefore, optimal operational control becomes the concern of biomanufacturing industries to promote the microbial growth and metabolic activity for maximum desired product formation and prohibit any possible by-product yield. Model predictive control (MPC) has been studied extensively in regulating fermentation process. It is an advanced control approach which performs prediction on a sequence of future output response and take optimal control action according to objective function. Earlier remedy can be performed as problem is detected earlier through the future prediction. This paper reviews the application of MPC in different fermentation process with different selection of the manipulated and controlled variables. Basic concept of MPC strategy is also presented, together with the development of MPC application in fermentation over the years.

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Antibiotics usage in plant agriculture and its removal from wastewater using adsorption process: A short review

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2610卷

作者： Normalija Battak Zykamilia Kamin Mohd Hardyianto Vai Bahrun Chiam Chel Ken Elysandra Peter Awang Bono 1Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia 2Oil and Gas Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia 3GRISM Innovative Solutions Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

Antibiotics are often utilized to treat a variety of microbial diseases which affect high-value fruits and vegetables. Oxytetracycline and streptomycin are the most widely utilized antibiotics on plants today. It was released into the surrounding through wastewater and animal waste of effluents from livestock plants. Due to the increasing use of antibiotics and their insufficient separation from wastewater, low levels of antibiotics; in both original and metabolized forms, have been found in various aquatic components, including surface water, groundwater, effluent from sewage treatment plants seawater, and even potable water. Several methods such as bioremediation, advanced oxidation process, and adsorption are available to treat wastewater. However, all these techniques have significant limitations, such as high operation and maintenance costs, including the formation of by-products that are more toxic than the original pollutants. Adsorption is the simplest, cheapest, and most versatile method for retaining these pollutants. Therefore, this paper aims to review the use of the adsorption process in the removal of antibiotics in wastewater. The finding shows that antibiotic removal best fits a wide variety of isotherm and kinetic models. Subsequently, carbon-based adsorbents such as biochar activated carbon and carbon nanotubes were the best adsorbents to remove the antibiotic. The highest reported show maximum adsorption percentage for an antibiotic is 99% by biochar.

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Synthesis of nanoemulsions from palm oil stabilized by sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate for enhanced oil recovery application

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2610卷

作者： Muhamad A. N. Aladin Mohd H. W. Sani Mohd H. V. Bahrun Zykamilia Kamin Awang Bono 1Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia 2Oil and Gas Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia 3GRISM Innovative Solution Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

The hydrocarbon production from a well is decreases naturally over time due to the depletion of reservoir pressure. The pressure then increases by using primary and secondary recoveries. The recovery increases further by an enhanced oil recovery method involving chemicals. Nanoemulsion is employed as a chemical because it effectively reduces the interfacial tension between the surfactant and the oil. This study is aimed at producing stable oil-in-water nanoemulsion at a lower cost using refined palm oil and a combination of typical surfactants (sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate). The effect of surfactant concentration (5-30 mL), sonication time (0-30 min), and sonication power (150-750 W) were studied using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the significant parameters affecting the nanoemulsion synthesis, as well as for formulation optimization. It was found that the optimum conditions to prepare the nanoemulsions were 5 mL, 15 min, and 100 W of surfactant concentration, sonication time, and sonication power, respectively, which attained nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 320.2 nm and zeta potential of -20.6 mV. These results indicate that nanoemulsion can be prepared at a lower cost using refined palm oil. However, the nanoemulsion produced is not stable after five-day storage at room temperature. Therefore, further investigation needs to be carried out to enhance the nanoemulsion stability after synthesizing.

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Synthesis and optimization of surfactant-stabilized palm oil-based nanoemulsion for enhanced oil recovery

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2610卷

作者： Mohd H. V. Bahrun Zykamilia Kamin Nur I. R. Idris Muhamad A. N. Aladin Awang Bono 1Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia 2Oil and Gas Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia 3GRISM Innovative Solution Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

Nanoemulsions have been reported as a suitable alternative for potential use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by reducing the interfacial tension of the oil-water system and altering rock wettability. However, their production can be costly and have unstable colloidal properties. Hence, this work is aimed to produce stable oil-in-water nanoemulsion at a lower cost using refined palm oil and surfactants of Tween 60 and Span 80 *** ratio of 2:1 via ultrasonication method. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of surfactant concentration (5 – 30 mL), sonication time (0 – 15 min), and sonication power (0 – 375 W) on droplet size and zeta potential of nanoemulsion as well as an approach to optimize nanoemulsions preparation. The coefficient of determinations for droplets size and zeta potential were 0.8712 and 0.8041, respectively. The optimum conditions for nanoemulsions preparation were 5.0 mL surfactant concentration, 2.9 min sonication time, and 375 W sonication power, which attained nanoemulsion with droplet size of 423.33 nm and zeta potential of -19.37 mV. These results indicate nanoemulsion can be prepared at low cost using refined palm oil within a shorter sonication time and lower sonication power, and it has the potential to be used for EOR application.

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Effect of immobile isolated enzymes from rumen liquid by using alginate matrices on the bay leaf extraction

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2015年第1期1699卷

作者： Vita Paramita Mohammad Endy Yulianto Eflita Yohana Fahmi Arifan Hanifah Muhammad Taqiyuddin Amjad 1Chemical Engineering of Diploma Programme Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Sudharto Tembalang Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia E-mail: vita.paramita@*** 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Sudharto Tembalang Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia

This research aims to develop the enzymatically of bay leaves phytochemical extraction process. The novelty and the main innovations of this research is the development of extraction process by using enzymatic extractor and isolate the enzymes from rumen liquid to shift the equilibrium phase, increase the extraction rate and increase the extraction yield. The activity of rumen liquid enzyme was represented by the activity of cellulase and protease. The analyze of total flavonoid content was performed by using UV-Vis Spectrofometry. The activity of immobilized enzyme of cellulase (0.08±0.00 U/ml) was lower than the un-immobilized one (0.23±0.00 U/ml). However, there was no difference activity of the immobilized (0.75±0.00 U/ml) and un-immobilized (0.76±0.01 U/ml) of protease. The model of mass transfer of un-immobilized enzyme can be fitted on the experimental data, however the model of mass transfer of immobilized enzyme did not match with the experimental data. The mass transfer coefficient of enzymatic extraction flavonoids bay leaf without immobilization was 0.17167 s−1 which greater than the reported value of obtained KLa from extraction by using electric heating.

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