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Tuff as rock and soil: Review of the literature on tuff geotechnical, chemical and mineralogical properties around the world and in Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2114卷

作者： Novi Asniar Yusep Muslih Purwana Niken Silmi Surjandari 1Civil Engineering Doctoral Program Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Central Java Indonesia

Volcanic tuffs are defined as relatively soft and porous pyroclastic rocks which are usually formed by lithification and cementation of volcanic dust or ash. Previous studies on geotechnical properties of tuffs have been carried out with the aim of engineering and alternative materials for cement aggregate materials, dam construction materials, and pavement materials. This paper aims to review several studies of tuff material that have been carried out from several locations around the world and in Indonesia. Tuff rock has geotechnical properties such as 18-25 kN/m3 of unit weight, 1.5 - 2.4 gr/cm3 of bulk density, 2.29 - 2.64 gr/cm3 of particle density, highly varied compressive strength depending on the degree of weathering, 0 - 1.45 MPa of cohesion, friction angle = 24° - 45° of friction angle, and 4% - 42% of porosity. The properties of tuff soil depend on the environment at the deposit location and particle size. Tuff soil (residue) is a product of in situ weathering of pyroclastic materials with high silt content in sandy soils and contains a few silty clay soil. Tuff unit weight varies from <10 to 30 kN/m3, compressive strength ranges from 0 - 0.2 MPa, cohesion from > 0 to 0.1 MPa, and friction angle from 10° - 40°. Based on the plasticity index data, tuff soil is included in the category of silt soil with low plasticity (CL) and silty soil with high plasticity (CH). Mineralogy studies generally show that there are two groups of minerals: major rock-forming minerals such as olivine and pyroxene, and secondary rock-forming minerals such as zeolites (phillipsite and chabazite), smectite and calcite. There are montmorillonite clay minerals in some tuff samples, but the percentage is small, fewer than normal limits.

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Analysis of number of fruit loss in the fruit distribution process: Case study of banana fruit

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2227卷

作者： Muhammad Noval Irsyadillah Cindy Rianti Priadi Benny Tjahjono Maulida Fitri Brilyana Bela Islami 1Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Indonesia 2Faculty Research Centre for Business in Society Coventry University United Kingdom

Banana fruit has the highest production rate in Indonesia with a total production of 7.01 million tons/year. However, the amount of fruit waste from the supply chain that supports the production is still uncertain. This study is aimed to analyze the production of fruit waste from the distribution process and to provide some suggestions in optimizing the its process. Data were obtained through direct sampling on three stages i.e. farmers, wholesalers, and retailers. The parameters analyzed temperature, humidity, and waste generation. The results showed that farmers did not produce waste because all the postharvest fruits were sold to the wholesalers. The wholesalers generated average waste 1.98% per total inventory. The retailers produced 2 types of waste from transportation with the average waste generation of 0.67% per total inventory, and daily waste with the average generation of 2.53% per total inventory. Based on this study, improvement in handling systems at distribution process are needed to prevent waste generation. The implementation of countermeasures is also needed by applying the circular economy to improve the efficiency, minimize the waste generation, and improve the profits. The potential actions than can be implemented are utilizing the waste for animal feed and composting.

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Visual assessment deterioration analysis of runways at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport Balikpapan

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2114卷

作者： Yanti Sri Sunarjono Agus Riyanto Nurul Hidayati Alfia Magfirona 1Civil Engineering Post Graduate Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Surakarta Central Java Indonesia

Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan (SAMS) Airport has an important role as the gateway of economic activity in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. Elements of the airport consist of runways, taxiway, apron and the terminal building of departure and arrival. The runway has an important role as a key element in airport infrastructure, this is related to aircraft and passenger safety in air traffic at SAMS Airport, which is currently one of the best airports in Indonesia that meets the International Standard qualification. The purpose of this study is to perform visual assessment of runway deterioration at SAMS Airport using PCI (Pavement Condition Index) method, to know the factors affecting runway deterioration and the effective distress treatment to overcome deterioration at a runway. The visual assessment data are collected from PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Sepinggan, by measuring the types and area of deterioration occurring on the runway during 1-month period (in September 2018), then PCI is analyzed by using ASTM D 5340 – 98. The results show that the PCI value is 80.4 which means the rating is excellent. The most common typical distress occurred at Threshold Runway 25 section 1 with the type of distress is block cracking which mainly caused by asphalt concrete shrinkage and daily temperature condition resulting in stress or strain series, another type is depression initially caused by the settlement from the soil foundation or construction process. Since PCI shows excellent state, the distress repair treatment to be performed is surface repair or routine maintenance with partial mill and overlay method.

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Comparison of deflection of hollow block concrete blocks with normal reinforced concrete beam

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2059卷

作者： Bunyamin 1Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Iskandarmuda Univerisity Jl. Kampus Unida-Surien Kota Banda Aceh Telp. (0651) 42225 - 42098 – 42219 Indonesia

In 2004, an earthquake and tsunami occured and destroyed thousands of houses in Aceh, so that there were housing built with hollow block concrete in some areas of Aceh. The hollow block concrete needs to be reviewed for the strength of its structure such as beams and columns. This study was specified to the bending strength of hollow block and then compared with normal reinforced concrete beams. The research was conducted by testing the reinforced concrete block material of hollow block and normal reinforced concrete that were loaded with capacity of 50 Ton. The samples of this study consisted of: Ringbalk Reinforcement Concrete (RRC), Ringbalk Hollow Block (RHB), Sloof Reinforcement Concrete (SRC), and Sloof Hollow Block (SHB) with beam size are: 150 mm x 200 mm x 2100 mm. In addition, TDS-302 data loggers and tranducers were used to read burden and deflection arising. From this research it was found that: the maximum deflection due to the RRC beam was 2,183 cm; RHB beam was 2,341 cm; SRC beam was 1.981 cm; and the SHB beam was 2,022 cm. RHB and SHB samples had a high deflection compared to RRC and SRC samples.

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Development of laboratory scale model of field automatic water control system with sheetpipe technology

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期871卷

作者： S K Saptomo C Arif W B Suwarno H Agustina A G Putra Wiranto K Tamura H Matsuda B I Setiawan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering IPB University Bogor Indonesia 16680 Department of Agronomy and Horticulture IPB University Bogor Indonesia 16680 Study Program of Agricultural Engineering Science IPB University Bogor Indonesia 16680 Meteo Nusantara Instrumen Bogor Indonesia 16620 Kyouwa Kensetsu Kogyo 2370 Oaza Tsubaki Hagi City Yamaguchi Prefecture Japan 758-0061 Yamaguchi University 16-1 Tokiwadai 2-chome Ube-shi Yamaguchi Japan 755-8611.

In this study, a 2mx2mx0.5m box is modeled, filled with soil having a thickness of 40 cm rice fields and sheet pipe subsurface drainage installed 30 cm below the surface. The sheet pipe is connected to the air duct and reservoir upstream and the drainage outlet pipe downstream. Automation of the water level control in the reservoir is done utilizing a digital controller which has been programmed and connected to a water level sensor and a solenoid valve. If the water level is detected falls below the minimum threshold, the controller will open the solenoid valve and flow water to the reservoir until the specified level. This system is connected to the server via wireless internet, data monitoring and control settings can be done by the user via a dashboard in an internet browser. The test was carried out for approximately 3 months with rice planting and un-inundated irrigation. The test results show that the system has been able to function in remote monitoring and regulation of the controller, automatic irrigation operations, and water supply in the land as needed in the rice planting experiment with the control error of 2.6 cm.

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Wet oxidation pretreatment effect for enhancing bioethanol production from cassava peels, water hyacinth, and green algae (Ulva)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2255卷

作者： Yaovi Sylvestre Ahou Margareta Novia Asih Christami Sary Awad Cindy Rianti Priadi Lamine Baba-Moussa Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik Yves Andres 1IMT-Atlantique GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144 Nantes France 2Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology LBTMM UAC Benin 3Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia 4Tropical Renewable Energy Center (TREC) Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia

Biomass pretreatment is the most important yet challenging process in biofuel production, with the aim of making part of the biomass more accessible for further treatment. There are four fundamental types of pretreatment techniques employed for bioethanol production: physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological. Wet oxidation (WO) in fact is known to be one of the most effective pretreatments to liberate more cellulose from lignocellulosic material by heating, in purpose of reducing acid usage in the bioethanol process. The effect of two different conditions of WO pretreatment on fractionation cassava peels, Ulva algae, and water hyacinth was investigated. WO resulted in an increase of carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic residues as a result of the solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose. The highest carbohydrate content of 1.5g/L was obtained in the pretreatment at 125°C, 45 min, 1.5 bar pH3 for water hyacinth. The pretreatment efficiency was 95%. Changing the pretreatment operating conditions to 130°C, 75 min, 1.8 bar and pH1 allowed to yield high carbohydrate from cassava peel and Ulva algae in respective proportion of 2.38g/L and 1.83 g/L. The WO efficiency was respectively 63% and 95% for cassava peels and Ulva algae. Ethanol yields in respective proportion of 0.26 g/l; 0.31 g/l and 0.2 g/l from Ulva algae, cassava peel and water hyacinth showed the optimum condition of *** enzymatic convertibility of glucose to ethanol.

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Network-based traffic managementat Kerten Areain Surakarta (Case study: Manahan-Purwosari-Kerten-UNIBA-Jongke intersections)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1977卷

作者： Nurul Hidayati Alfia Magfirona Agus Riyanto 1Civil Engineering Postgraduate Program Department Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Indonesia

Motorcycles and private cars are still very dominant in many road segments around the city of Surakarta. Until now, the growth of the number of private vehicles is not balanced by an increase in the road network. Although public transportation exists, but it existence (in term of both quantity and quality) is still not able to attract private vehicle users switch to use public transport. This condition leads to Dishub Surakarta, as the representative of Surakarta Local Government, to resolve the problem of congestion in Surakarta. For example, Dishub changed the direction of traffic flow on Teuku Umar Street and Dr. SoeharsoStreet from two-way traffic to one-way traffic. Hopefully, the change management does not make worse traffic performance on A. Yani Street and Adi Sucipto Street. Besides these two locations, some sections of the road network in Surakarta have been identified congested during peak hours, such as Manahan, Kerten and Purwosari Intersections. Therefore, this study is conducted with the aim to evaluate the performance of the road network in Kerten Area, alongside Manahan, Purwosari, Kerten, UNIBA and Jongke Intersections. The parameter used to evaluate the performance is degree of saturation of each segment and each intersection and then comparing with the whole road network. Main data used is traffic flow data obtained through the traffic counting survey during two hours of peak hours in the morning and afternoon peak. The method used to analyze the performance is Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (MKJI) 1997. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the characteristics of the road network are very varied (either on geometric condition or traffic condition). The proportion of traffic flow in each direction of two-way road is not equal, as well as the position of peak hour. However, in this study the peak hour is referred to the time period that has the highest total volume. It was occured at 06.30 – 07.30 around 12057.2 pcu/ho

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Public opinion about solar radiation management: A cross-cultural study in 20 countries around the world

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Climatic Change 2024年第4期177卷 65页

作者： Contzen, Nadja Perlaviciute, Goda Steg, Linda Reckels, Sophie Charlotte Alves, Susana Bidwell, David Böhm, Gisela Bonaiuto, Marino Chou, Li-Fang Corral-Verdugo, Victor Dessi, Federica Dietz, Thomas Doran, Rouven Eulálio, Maria do Carmo Fielding, Kelly Gómez-Román, Cristina Granskaya, Juliana V. Gurikova, Tatyana Hernández, Bernardo Kabakova, Maira P. Lee, Chieh-Yu Li, Fan Lima, Maria Luísa Liu, Lu Luís, Sílvia Muinos, Gabriel Ogunbode, Charles A. Ortiz, María Victoria Pidgeon, Nick Pitt, Maria Argüello Rahimi, Leila Revokatova, Anastasia Reyna, Cecilia Schuitema, Geertje Shwom, Rachael Yalcinkaya, Nur Soylu Spence, Elspeth Sütterlin, Bernadette Environmental Health Psychology Group Department of Environmental Social Sciences Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 Dübendorf8600 Switzerland Environmental Psychology Group Department of Psychology Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen Grote Kruisstraat 2/1 Groningen9712TS Netherlands Department of Psychology of Development and Socialisation Processes Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Rome00185 Italy Department of Marine Affairs University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road KingstonRI02852 United States Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen Christiesgate 12 BergenN‑5015 Norway Department of Psychology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Lillehammer Norway CIRPA Interuniversity Centre for Research in Environmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Rome00185 Italy Department of Psychology National Cheng Kung University No.1 University Road Tainan City701 Taiwan Environmental Psychology Group Department of Psychology Social Sciences Division University of Sonora Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Hermosillo Sonora83000 Mexico Environmental Science and Policy Program and Sociology Michigan State University 509 East Circle Drive East LansingMI48864 United States Group of Studies and Research in Aging and Health Department of Psychology State University of Paraíba Rua Baraúnas 351 Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil School of Communication and Arts University of Queensland St Lucia Campus BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia CRETUS institute Department of Social Psychology Basic and Methodology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Vida Calle Xosé María Suárez Núñez s/n A Coruña Santiago de Compostela15782 Spain Department of Psychology St. Petersburg State University Universitetskaya emb. 7/9 St.Petersburg199034 Russia Center for Sociological and Internet Research St. Petersburg State University Universitets

Some argue that complementing climate change mitigation measures with solar radiation management (SRM) might prove a last resort to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. To make a socially responsible decision on whether to use SRM, it is important to consider also public opinion, across the globe and particularly in the Global South, which would face the greatest risks from both global warming and SRM. However, most research on public opinion about SRM stems from the Global North. We report findings from the first large-scale, cross-cultural study on the public opinion about SRM among the general public (N = 2,248) and students (N = 4,583) in 20 countries covering all inhabited continents, including five countries from the Global South and five ‘non-WEIRD’ (i.e. not Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) countries from the Global North. As public awareness of SRM is usually low, we provided participants with information on SRM, including key arguments in favour of and against SRM that appear in the scientific debate. On average, acceptability of SRM was significantly higher in the Global South than in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, while acceptability in the ‘WEIRD’ Global North was in between. However, we found substantial variation within these clusters, especially in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, suggesting that countries do not form homogenous clusters and should thus be considered individually. Moreover, the average participants’ views, while generally neither strong nor polarised, differed from some expert views in important ways, including that participants perceived SRM as only slightly effective in limiting global warming. Still, our data suggests overall a conditional, reluctant acceptance. That is, while on average, people think SRM would have mostly negative consequences, they may still be willing to tolerate it as a potential last resort to fight global warming, particularly if they think SRM has only minor negative (or even positive) impact

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Effect of fly ash on compressive strength of concrete containing recycled coarse aggregate

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2014卷

作者： Rosyid Kholilur Rohman Seno Aji 1Civil Engineering Department of Graduate Program Merdeka University of Madiun Jl. Serayu 79 KP 12 Taman Madiun Indonesia

The recycling technology must be adopted in concrete construction work in Indonesia. The using of recycling coarse aggregate in construction work included an effort in recycling technology. It would reduce the usage of natural coarse aggregate and would reduce the material cost. In this research the natural coarse aggregate is replaced with recycled coarse aggregate. Fly ash needed as material addition to improve concrete quality. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the using percentage of recycling coarse aggregate, the percentage of fly ash and water-cement ratio to the compressive strength of concrete. The method used was an experimental laboratory. Concrete specimens are cylinder 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. Water-cement ratios of concrete mixtures 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5. The specimens are cast using natural coarse aggregate and replacing coarse aggregate with 20%, 40%, and 60% recycled coarse aggregate. Concrete specimens are tested after curing at 28 days. Compressive strength results are then used for multiple linear regression by using SPSS version 22 software to get an empirical formula between the compressive strength and percentage of recycled coarse aggregate, the percentage of fly ash and water-cement ratios. Results analysis shows that recycled coarse aggregate can be used until 30 % with fly ash addition 10 %. Reducing in the usage of natural aggregate and cement is suitable with the effort of the environmental conservation.

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Numerical modeling approach taking into account the influence of delamination for performance capacity of reinforced concrete beam strengthened in bending by CFRP

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1818卷

作者： Wibowo Supardi 1Civil Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty Sebelas Maret State University Surakarta Indonesia

Reinforced concrete members strengthened in bending by externally bonding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) may present several failure modes: failure of material or failure of the interface between concrete-CFRP. Nevertheless, experience gained from testing confirms that in most cases delamination prevails over the other possible rupture modes. Delamination in CFRP strengthened sections is difficult to model because it involves multiple parameters such as FRP stiffness, adhesive material properties, presence of cracks in concrete, among others. A simplified numerical model to predict flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beam strengthened by CFRP at failure is presented in this paper. The experimental validation is presented as well. Based on the result of the proposed model, an equation for the prediction of ultimate flexural capacity to prevent CFRP debonding is proposed.

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