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Evaluation of implementation viability gap funding (VGF) policy on toll road investment in Indonesia

AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Iris Mahani Rizal Z. Tamin Krishna S. Pribadi Andreas Wibowo 1Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering ITB Bandung Indonesia 2Research Center of Residential Development Ministry of Public Work and Housing Indonesia

VGF policy for toll road investment in Indonesia must be reviewed. Since 2012 the Government of Indonesia (GOI) has issued viability gap funding (VGF) policy for PPP infrastructure project through ministry of finance decision (PMK) No.223/2012. One of VGF purpose is to improve the financial feasibility. In the toll road investment in Indonesia, the implementation of this policy has some problems. This study aimed to evaluate the policy by seeking implementation constraints so can be given an alternative. This research was conducted qualitatively, included aspects of implementation process VGF policy. The analysis process is based on literature study and in-depth interviews to related parties include business entity, ministry of finance, and the ministry of public works, Indonesia Toll Road Authority (BPJT) and professional societies. The literature review conducted by reviewing existing policies and best practices in countries that already practice VGF. The conclusion of this study are 1) There is a conflict of regulation in viability gap funding (VGF) for toll road investment in Indonesia; 2) If Government of Indonesia (GOI) want implement construction grant as VGF, so the regulation must improve in time limited for submission and clearly define limited given in regulation; 3) If GOI want implement partial construction as VGF, so the regulation must be improve in guideline for submission and given.

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Analysis of the effect of waste’s particle size variations on biodrying method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Gabriel Andari Kristanto Masayu Nadiya Zikrina 1Environmental Engineering Study Program Civil Engineering Department University of Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Depok 16424 Indonesia

The use of municipal solid waste as energy source can be a solution for Indonesia’s increasing energy demand. However, its high moisture content limits the use of solid waste as energy. Biodrying is a method of lowering wastes’ moisture content using biological process. This study investigated the effect of wastes’ particle size variations on biodrying method. The experiment was performed on 3 lab-scale reactors with the same specifications. Organic wastes with the composition of 50% vegetable wastes and 50% garden wastes were used as substrates. The feedstock was manually shredded into 3 size variations, which were 10 – 40 mm, 50 – 80 mm, and 100 – 300 mm. The experiment lasted for 21 days. After 21 days, it was shown that the waste with the size of 100 – 300 mm has the lowest moisture content, which is 50.99%, and the volatile solids content is still 74.3% TS. This may be caused by the higher free air space of the reactor with the bigger sized substrate.

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Assessment of anaerobic biodegradability of five different solid organic wastes

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1826卷

作者： Gabriel Andari Kristanto Huinny Asaloei 1Environmental Engineering Study Program Civil Engineering Department Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Depok 16424 Indonesia

The concept of waste to energy emerges as an alternative solution to increasing waste generation and energy crisis. In the waste to energy concept, waste will be used to produce renewable energy through thermochemical, biochemical, and physiochemical processes. In an anaerobic digester, organic matter brake-down due to anaerobic bacteria produces methane gas as energy source. The organic waste break-down is affected by various characteristics of waste components, such as organic matter content (C, N, O, H, P), solid contents (TS and VS), nutrients ratio (C/N), and pH. This research aims to analyze biodegradability and potential methane production (CH4) from organic waste largely available in Indonesia. Five solid wastes comprised of fecal sludge, cow rumen, goat farm waste, traditional market waste, and tofu dregs were analyzed which showed tofu dregs as waste with the highest rate of biodegradability compared to others since the tofu dregs do not contain any inhibitor which is lignin, have 2.7%VS, 14 C/N ratios and 97.3% organic matter. The highest cumulative methane production known as Biochemical Methane Potential was achieved by tofu dregs with volume of 77 ml during 30-day experiment which then followed by cow rumen, goat farm waste, and traditional market waste. Subsequently, methane productions were calculated through percentage of COD reduction, which showed the efficiency of 99.1% that indicates complete conversion of the high organic matter into methane.

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Numerical study on the modification of long links in eccentrically braced frame

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Musbar Bambang Budiono Dyah Kusumastuti Herlien D. Setio 1Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia 2Structural Engineering Research Group Study Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia 3Structural Engineering Research Group Study Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia 4Structural Engineering Research Group Study Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia

In anticipating damages to buildings caused by earthquakes, many types of building constructions have been developed and studied. One of these is eccentrically braced frames that uses the link element as part of the structural element that serves to absorb seismic energy. When tested for its ductility, strength, rigidity and energy absorption, the long link performed more poorly compared to short ones. However, advantages of using long links includes space for architectural design and the ease of meeting building requirements. The focus of this study is to provide information on using supplemental double stiffeners on both sides of the web at the ends of long links. The behavior of long links is maintained by positioning the flange failures at the end of the link. The supplemental double stiffeners can improve performance of the long link due to the extension of the inelastic zone and the slowing of failure in the flange at both ends of the link. A numerical study was carried out on several specimens of the long link consisting of a standard specimen and specimens modified by the addition of supplemental double stiffeners. Long link specimens were modified by varying the thickness and hole width on the supplemental double stiffeners. The results showed that the addition of double stiffeners can improve the performance of long links compared to the standard link according to the requirements of AISC 341-10.

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E3 – A user’s interface for quantifying total cost, diesel consumption, and emissions from bulldozers and its comparison to field data

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1887卷

作者： Apif M. Hajji Michael P. Lewis Aisyah Larasati 1Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering State University of Malang Malang Indonesia 2School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Oklahoma State University USA 3Industrial Engineering Study Program Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia

The use of bulldozer in construction projects determines a vast number of diesel consumption, emissions and the portion of total cost of the project. Construction equipment operators need a method that can be utilized to predict and quantify not only the cost, but also the diesel consumption and emissions of construction projects, particularly for bulldozer’s activities. The main purpose of this paper is to propose an E3, the predicting tool for the economic, energy, and environmental impact of the use of bulldozer. The tool was developed by using the productivity rate model of bulldozer to the US EPA’s NONROAD model. The results show that the bulldozer’s productivity model can be used as the platform for predicting the total cost and diesel consumption that will be required and the total expected emissions for the project.

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The analysis of monitoring control point displacement of Sermo Dam based on the 2015-2016 GNSS data

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1857卷

作者： Yulaikhah W. Nurrohmat N. Prijono K. C. Bambang Waljiyanto D. A. Agus M. I. Taftazani 1Geodetic Engineering Department Engineering Faculty of Gadjah Mada University Indonesia 2Civil Engineering Department Engineering Faculty of Gadjah Mada University Indonesia 3Geomatics Engineering Study Program of Vocational School of Gadjah Mada University Indonesia

Sermo dam has operated for 20 years. This dam has a great benefit, especially as a water storage for water supply, irrigation and flood prevention. For the purposes of Sermo dam deformation monitoring, the control network was built around the Sermo dam in 2010. Then, this network was developed in 2015 by adding 5 new control points. For the time being, the network consists of 8 existing control points (micro) and 5 new control points (macro). The aim of the study is to monitor the control network displacement in the period of 2015 to 2016 based on GNSS observation *** measurement were conducted at 9 to10 of May 2015 and 12 to 15 of May 2016. The data observation was processed using GAMIT/GBLOK scientific software referenced to IGS station to determine the coordinates and its standard deviation. Further, horizontal and vertical displacement was analyzed by comparing with 2.5 times the standard deviation. The results showed that within a year, the coordinate difference varied from 0.12 to 1.68 cm on the N component, 0.21 to 0.65 cm on the E component, while the U component (the vertical displacement) have greater one, varied from 2.71 to 16.34 cm. Six control points (MAK2, MAK3, BMB2, BMB5, BMS2 and BMS5) have significant different in the horizontal displacement and six control points have significant different in vertical displacement (MAK5, BMB1, BMB2, BMS1, BMS2 and BMS3). In general, the horizontal displacement tends toward southeast. However, for obtaining more accurate and realistic results, further evaluation is required in the processing strategy such as the use of local control point as reference.

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Small hydropower spot prediction using SWAT and a diversion algorithm, case study: Upper Citarum Basin

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Hadi Kardhana Doni Khaira Arya Iwan K. Hadihardaja Widyaningtyas Edi Riawan Atika Lubis 1Water Resources Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Indonesia 2Master of Civil Engineering Program Study Graduate School of ITB Indonesia 3Atmospheric Science Research Group Faculty of Earth Science and Technology ITB Indonesia

Small-Scale Hydropower (SHP) had been important electric energy power source in Indonesia. Indonesia is vast countries, consists of more than 17.000 islands. It has large fresh water resource about 3 m of rainfall and 2 m of runoff. Much of its topography is mountainous, remote but abundant with potential energy. Millions of people do not have sufficient access to electricity, some live in the remote places. Recently, SHP development was encouraged for energy supply of the places. Development of global hydrology data provides opportunity to predict distribution of hydropower potential. In this paper, we demonstrate run-of-river type SHP spot prediction tool using SWAT and a river diversion algorithm. The use of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with input of CFSR (Climate Forecast System Re-analysis) of 10 years period had been implemented to predict spatially distributed flow cumulative distribution function (CDF). A simple algorithm to maximize potential head of a location by a river diversion expressing head race and penstock had been applied. Firm flow and power of the SHP were estimated from the CDF and the algorithm. The tool applied to Upper Citarum River Basin and three out of four existing hydropower locations had been well predicted. The result implies that this tool is able to support acceleration of SHP development at earlier phase.

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Informal worker phenomenon in housing construction project

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Maranatha Wijayaningtyas Ibrahim Sipan Kukuh Lukiyanto 1Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program National Institute of Technology (ITN) Malang Indonesia 2Center for Real Estate Studies (CRES) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru Malaysia 3Business Creation Department Institut Teknologi Kreatif Bina Nusantara Malang Indonesia

The informal workers phenomenon on housing construction projects in Indonesia is different from workers in other sectors who would always request as permanent employees. Substantively, the informal workers are disinclined to be bound as permanent employees which different from the general labor paradigm. Hence, the objective of this study is to find out how the labour selection process, the factors that affected their performance, and the suitable wage system to achieve the target completion of housing construction project. The qualitative method is used to uncover and understand the meaning behind the phenomena (numina) of informal workers action and their influence on housing construction project which called phenomenological approach. Five informal workers and two project managers were selected as informants based on predetermined criteria with in-depth interviews. The results showed that the informal worker were more satisfied with the wage based on unit price while working in the housing construction project for the flexibility in working hours. In addition, the developer was also relieved because they only control the quality and the achievement of the project completion time which supported by informal worker leader. Therefore, these findings are beneficial for both of developer and government as policy maker to succeed the housing program in Indonesia.

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Development of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) for biological nitrogen removal in domestic wastewater treatment (Case study: Surabaya City, Indonesia)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： I. Made Wahyu Wijaya Eddy Setiadi Soedjono Nurina Fitriani 1Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia 2Study Program of Environmental Science and Technology Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

Domestic wastewater effluent is the main contributor to diverse water pollution problems. The contaminants contained in the wastewater lead the low quality of water. The presence of ammonium and nitrate along with phosphorus are potentially cause eutrophication and endanger aquatic life. Excess nutrients, mostly N and P is the main cause of eutrophication which is result in oxygen depletion, biodiversity reduction, fish kills, odor and increased toxicity. Most of the domestic wastewater in Surabaya City still contains nitrogen that exceeded the threshold. The range of ammonium and orthophosphate concentration in the domestic wastewater is between 6.29 mg/L – 38.91 mg/L and 0.44 mg/L – 1.86 mg/L, respectively. An advance biological nitrogen removal process called anammox is a sustainable and cost effective alternative to the basic method of nitrogen removal, such as nitrification and denitrification. Many research have been conducted through anammox and resulted promisingly way to remove nitrogen. In this process, ammonium will be oxidized with nitrite as an electron acceptor to produce nitrogen gas and low nitrate in anoxic condition. Anammox requires less oxygen demand, no needs external carbon source, and low operational cost. Based on its advantages, anammox is possible to apply in domestic wastewater treatment in Surabaya with many further studies.

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Provision of healthy toilet for low income community based on community empowerment in Kelurahan Kebonsari, Surabaya City, towards Indonesia open defecation free (ODF) in 2019

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Eddy Setiadi Soedjono Nurina Fitriani Adhi Yuniarto I. Made Wahyu Wijaya 1Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia 2Study Program of Environmental Science and Technology Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

One of the causes of open defecation (OD) is low awareness of local community towards open defecation free behavior. This community does not have a healthy toilet and usually defecate in the river. This poor environment is coupled with poverty and small footprint. Therefore, the *** methods should be modified by including the finance concept in form of stimulant funds to accelerate ODF targets by using appropriate technology for land limitations. The construction of healthy toilet in Kelurahan Kebonsari, Jambangan sub-district, was conducted in RW2 which consisted of RT 6 (4 units) and RT 7 (1 unit) and 2 units in RT 2 of RW 3. Construction was initiated with focus group discussion and indepth interview to locate the proper location to be triggered. Healthy toilet construction was conducted in cooperation among self-help community, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), and the community itself. Every month the users had to pay the toilet construction (capacity of 0.75 m3) of IDR 100,000 for 10 months. Therefore, with this healthy toilet construction, KelurahanKebonsari becomes one of ODF village in Surabaya City.

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