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Frontal midline theta power accounts for inter-individual differences in motor learning ability

Experimental Brain Research 2025年第6期243卷 1-14页

作者： Fukuda, Yuya Uehara, Kazumasa Neural Information Dynamics Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Aichi Toyohashi Japan

Recent neurophysiological studies have demonstrated that frontal midline theta (FMT) activity plays a significant role in motor learning. One of the key challenges in motor learning is to understand the interindividual variability in learning proficiency rates, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. To address this open question, this study recorded electroencephalogram activity from twenty-one healthy participants during a visuomotor tracking task to investigate whether modulation of FMT power and the theta phase synchronization across trials (theta phase consistency) during motor preparation could explain individual differences in learning proficiency. We found a significant positive correlation between increased FMT power during motor preparation and learning proficiency rates. Specifically, individuals with greater FMT power exhibited faster learning rates. In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between the consistency of the theta phase during motor preparation and learning proficiency. Together, these findings highlight that the FMT power, rather than phase synchrony, is closely associated with motor learning efficiency. This study provides a novel perspective for understanding the causes of individual differences in motor learning and further corroborates the previous evidence showing FMT power contributes to motor learning processes. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： EEG Frontal midline Theta Individual differences Motor learning Phase oscillation

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ClipArtGAN: An Application of Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network for Clip Art Generation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Elnabawy, Reham H. Abdennadher, Slim Hellwich, Olaf Eldawlatly, Seif Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Media Engineering and Technology German University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science German International University New Administrative Capital Egypt Computer and Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University 1 El-sarayat st. Abbassia Cairo Egypt Computer Science and Engineering Department The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt School of Information Technology New Giza University Giza Egypt

An image can convey a thousand words. This statement emphasizes the importance of illustrating ideas visually rather than writing them down. Although detailed image representation is typically instructive, there are several contexts where simplification of image representations may be more informative. One way to provide an abstract representation of an object is via clip art, which is a simple graphic illustration of an object that can be included in documents or presentations. Clip art representation can be utilized in graphic design for concepts expression and daily life objects illustration. Furthermore, clip art had shown remarkable advantages when compared to real images in terms of editing and manipulation since clip art geometry can be easily edited in addition to the feasibility of storing it in a resolution-independent manner. However, it can be difficult to automatically create clip arts that resemble any object. Here, we propose a novel deep learning model, named ClipArtGAN, that utilizes Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to convert a photo of an object to its corresponding clip art. To our knowledge, this is the first GAN model based on Pix2Pix architecture that is capable of automatically generating clip art for any arbitrary object. Three training datasets were collected to train and compare two GAN models based on Pix2Pix and CycleGAN architectures. Our results demonstrate that the mean accuracy obtained using ClipArtGAN utilizing Pix2Pix outperforms that of CycleGAN by 58% and that of Google Images-based search by 54%. These results indicate the efficacy of ClipArtGAN in generating representative clip art images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Microstructural Analysis of Ceramic Materials Through Machine Learning Techniques: A Benchmarking Interdisciplinary Review for Ceramic Material Characterization

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 2025年 1-19页

作者： Roy, Mahuya Kumar, Bijendra Chowdhury, Soumit Bhattacharya, Tapas Kumar Maity, Satyabrata Haldar, Partha Department of Computer Science and Engineering St. Thomas College of Engineering and Technology West Bengal Kolkata700023 India Gun and Shell Factory West Bengal Cossipore Kolkata700002 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College West Bengal Jalpaiguri735102 India Department of Ceramic Technology Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology West Bengal Kolkata700010 India Department of Information Technology Techno International New Town 1/1 Service Rd. DG Block New Town Kolkata700156 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology West Bengal Kolkata700010 India

This study presents a revolutionary analytical study on ceramic microstructural images in the context of sophisticated image processing as well as machine learning techniques for automated and most accurate characterization of ceramic material properties. The main objective here is to scientifically correlate the derived microstructural image features with the concern material properties and this can be purely governed by specific material compositions that lead to better productivity. So, this particular unique study purely focuses on some efficient machine learning algorithms like K-means and fuzzy C-means in contrast to the traditional image processing concepts like Canny and Sobel for most effective classification as well as automated evaluation of ceramic microstructural image features. In addition, more advanced deep learning techniques like convolutional neural network also reflected here with in depth comparative analysis in view of its superiority for crack estimation, pore characterization, phase identification, grain boundary detection and grain area calculation that leads to accurate material characterizations. Further, continuous up gradations are still highlighted here with recent advanced deep learning models like Auto encoders, generative adversarial networks and recurrent neural networks for much more accurate characterization of ceramic microstructural image features boosting both material design and productivity in great manner. Apart from that, some latest image property related transformations are also investigated here for accurately tracing the critical image features while this study even adopts some exhaustive bibliometric analysis to precisely identify the effective microstructural evaluation methods from the existing literature. Hence this novel study not only provides a concrete pathway for identifying the most effective mechanism for ceramic microstructural image property evaluation and characterization in the present scenario but it als

关键词： Ceramic materials

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Compact Fractal-Shaped Frequency Selective Surface for Distant Liquid Sensing With Multiple Sensitive Spots

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第9期25卷 15031-15042页

作者： Neyestanak, Morteza Lotfi Moghadas, Hamid Mirabbasi, Shahriar Servati, Peyman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Wireless Systems Engineering Technology School of Media and Information Technology Northern Alberta Institute of Technology EdmontonABT5G 2R1 Canada

This article introduces compact battery-less wireless radio frequency (RF) sensors using fractal-shaped electromagnetic surfaces. Fractal structures allow a compact total size of 0.75λ0 × 0.75λ0 at 2.9 GHz. In conventional sensors based on a frequency selective surface (FSS), the material under test (MUT) needs to be placed in all the unit cells or play the role of a substrate. However, in the proposed sensors, the MUT covers only 3%–7% of the electromagnetic surface with a volume of 1 mL. In contrast with conventional RF sensors with one local sensitive spot, the proposed surface can provide multiple sensitive spots. This capability has been tested using several different liquids including isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methanol, ethanol, acetone, and deionized (DI) water. The proposed sensing platform exhibits remarkable sensitivity while the reader antenna is over 10 cm away from the FSS. Changing the MUT from air to IPA and DI water results in a 40 and 350 MHz shift in the resonant frequency, respectively. This sensor can tolerate polarization misalignment between the reader antenna and the FSS. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Frequency selective surfaces

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On Shaping Gain of Multidimensional Constellations in Linear and Nonlinear Optical Fiber Channel

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1455-1468页

作者： Chen, Bin Liang, Zhiwei Lei, Yi Deng, JingXin Li, Shen Liga, Gabriele Hefei University of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei230002 China Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei230002 China Chalmers University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering QC Québec CityG1V 0A6 Canada Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven5612 AZ Netherlands

Utilizing the multi-dimensional (MD) space for constellation shaping has been proven to be an effective approach for achieving shaping gains. Despite there exists a variety of MD modulation formats tailored for specific optical transmission scenarios, there remains a notable absence of a dependable comparison method for efficiently and promptly re-evaluating their performance in arbitrary transmission systems. In this paper, we introduce an analytical nonlinear interference (NLI) power model-based shaping gain estimation method to enable a fast performance evaluation of various MD modulation formats in coherent dual-polarization (DP) optical transmission system. In order to extend the applicability of this method to a broader set of modulation formats, we extend the established NLI model to take the 4D joint distribution into account and thus able to analyze the complex interactions of non-iid signaling in DP systems. With the help of the NLI model, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art modulation formats and investigate their actual shaping gains in two types of optical fiber communication scenarios (multi-span and single-span). The numerical simulation shows that for arbitrary modulation formats, the NLI power and relative shaping gains in terms of signal-to-noise ratio can be more accurately estimated by capturing the statistics of MD symbols. Furthermore, the proposed method further validates the effectiveness of the reported NLI-tolerant modulation format in the literature, which reveals that the linear shaping gains and modulation-dependent NLI should be jointly considered for nonlinearity mitigation. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Optical fibers

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Lightweight and Roubust Key Agreement for Securing IIoT-Driven Flexible Manufacturing Systems

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17197-17209页

作者： Hammad, Muhammad Badshah, Akhtar Almeer, Mohammed A. Waqas, Muhammad Song, Houbing Chen, Sheng Han, Zhu GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Topi23640 Pakistan University of Malakand Department of Software Engineering Dir Lower18800 Pakistan University of Bahrain Computer Engineering Department College of Information Technology 32038 Bahrain University of Greenwich Faculty of Engineering and Science Centre for Sustainable Cybersecurity United Kingdom Edith Cowan University School of Engineering PerthWA6027 Australia Department of Information Systems BaltimoreMD United States University of Southampton School of Electronics and Computer Science SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

The ever-evolving Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in a new era of intelligent manufacturing across multiple industries. However, the security and privacy of real-time data transmitted over the public channel of the industrial IoT (IIoT) remain formidable challenges. Existing lightweight protocols often omit one or more critical security features, such as anonymity and untraceability, and are susceptible to threats like desynchronization attacks. Additionally, they struggle to achieve an optimal balance between robust security and performance efficiency. To bridge these gaps, we introduce a new lightweight key agreement security scheme that guarantees secure access to the IIoT-enabled flexible manufacturing system (FMS). The strength of our scheme lies in its utilization of the authenticated encryption with associative data (AEAD) primitive, AEGIS, along with hash functions and physical unclonable functions, which secure the IIoT ecosystem. Additionally, our scheme offers flexibility in the form of the addition of new machines, password updates, and revocation in cases of theft or loss. A comprehensive security analysis demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme in thwarting various attacks. The formal analysis, based on the Real-Or-Random (RoR) model, ensures session key indistinguishability, while the informal analysis highlights its resilience against known attacks. The comparative assessment demonstrate that the proposed scheme consistently outperforms the benchmark schemes across multiple dimensions, including security and functionality features, computational and communication overheads, and runtime efficiency. Specifically, the proposed scheme achieves peak performance enhancements of 77.55%, 44.73%, and 69.6% in computational overhead, runtime overhead, and communication overhead, respectively, underscoring its substantial performance advantages. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Flexible manufacturing systems

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Near-Field Communications: Shape and Structure Design for Uniform Planar Array

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 15151-15165页

作者： Chen, Siyu Gu, Juping Duan, Wei Zhang, Lei Dang, Shuping Wen, Miaowen Ding, Zhiguo Ho, Pin-Han Nantong University School of Information Science and Technology Nantong226019 China Suzhou University of Science and Technology China Hubei Polytechnic University Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Huangshi435003 China University of Bristol School of Electrical Electronic and Mechanical Engineering BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom South China University of Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Guangzhou510640 China Khalifa University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen518000 China University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

With the flourishing development of 6G wireless networks, the demand of spectrum efficiency rapidly increases, in order to support the demands of high quality data transmission and connections of massive users. Among various promising technologies, the technology of near-field communications provides a great potential to address such an issue due to the unique spherical-wave channels for electromagnetic (EM) propagation. In this paper, multiple-input single-output (MISO) near-field communications is comprehensively studied to clarify the influences of the shape and structure of uniform planar array (UPA) on the system performance, considering three cases with uniform linear array (ULA), rectangular UPA, and circular UPA. In particular, we reveal the properties of rapid deterioration for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the reduced projection aperture in near-field communications and investigate the single spherical crown antenna design and spherical crown antenna array design in order to address this issue. Moreover, we also characterize the role of antenna projection aperture in details, and theoretically analyze the shape of UPA, yielding the corresponding exact closed-form expressions for SNR and outage probability (OP). Based on these above analytical results, we find out that adjusting the spacing between adjacent antennas to control the relative angle between user and selected antennas is an efficient way to improve the projection aperture of antenna and SNR. Simulation results are shown to well match analytical results, which validate the correctness of our analysis, clarifying that our proposed designs outperform the conventional works and illustrating a better stability for angle variations. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Spheres

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A Text Detection Method Based on Multi-Scale Selective Fusion Feature Pyramid and Multi-Semantic Spatial Network for Visual IoT

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 15997-16008页

作者： Wang, Manli Dou, Zeya Chen, Wei Wang, Zehua Yu, Fei Richard Leung, Victor C. M. Henan Polytechnic University School of Physics and Electronic Information Henan Jiaozuo454003 China China University of Mining and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Jiangsu Xuzhou221116 China China University of Mining and Technology School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing100083 China The University of British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Carleton University School of Information Technology OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada

With the rapid development of Visual Internet of Things (VIoT) and text detection technology, they have been widely combined and applied to many industrial production sites, such as label text detection, achieving impressive results. However, there are still many shortcomings in the text detection technology: 1) The existing VIoT system has very limited detection precision for text with large scale changes, especially for some small-scale text detection;2) The existing text detection algorithms cannot meet the actual situation, as the labels often contain handwritten texts, and the text to be detected is arbitrary shape;3) In the actual detection, there are many creases or defects on the text label. To solve the above problems, this paper designs a text detection method based on a multi-scale selection fusion feature pyramid and multi-semantic spatial network to assist the VIoT system in detecting label text. Firstly, a multi-scale selective fusion feature pyramid is designed, which not only uses the texture extraction module to effectively improve the text texture feature and multi-scale feature extraction ability, but also uses the cross-scale selective fusion block to selectively fuse the features of different stages to reduce the influence of pollution on detection. In addition, a multi-semantic spatial network is designed to capture the multi-semantic spatial information of each feature channel by using the multi-scale deep shared one-dimensional convolution, which effectively integrates global context dependence and multi-semantic spatial prior. Experimental results show that the comprehensive index F-measure on the public datasets ICDAR2015, Total-Text and CTW1500 is increased by 5.7%, 3.3%and 3.8% respectively. Furthermore, the precision, recall, and F-measure on the dataset Label-Text are 94.6%, 90.7%and 92.6% respectively. The label text detection VIoT system we designed has been deployed in the field and achieved excellent performance. The code of our pro

关键词： Semantics

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RIS-Aided MIMO Downlink Transmission for Ultradense LEO Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 15304-15318页

作者： Zhang, Xin Qin, Xiaohan Zhang, Zitian Cai, Lin X. Zhou, Haibo Zhuang, Weihua Nanjing University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing210023 China Zhejiang Gongshang University School of Information and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310018 China Illinois Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ChicagoIL60616 United States University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Ultradense low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-terrestrial network (ULSN) has evolved as a new paradigm to provide ubiquitous and high-capacity communications in next generation wireless networks. However, the direct LEO satellite broadband connectivity faces significant challenges in urban environments due to the masking effect, which limits the reliability and availability of communication links in ULSNs. To address this, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is emerging as a promising solution in ULSNs. In this article, we investigate RIS-aided downlink data transmission in urban environments of multiusers in ULSNs. We set up a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for maximizing the sum rate of terrestrial users in ULSNs. To solve the complex MIP problem, we propose a two-phase joint optimization algorithm with a deep learning phase and an alternative optimization (AO) phase. In the deep learning phase, a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal user association matrix based on the positions of terrestrial users and LEO satellites. Then in the AO phase, successive convex approximation is utilized to transform the nonconvex subproblems of beamforming and RIS phase design into convex formulations and iteratively solve them. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other baseline algorithms. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Integer programming

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Multi-domain feature-enhanced attribute updater for generalized zero-shot learning

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第14期37卷 8397-8414页

作者： Shi, Yuyan Jiang, Chenyi Song, Feifan Ye, Qiaolin Long, Yang Zhang, Haofeng School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing210094 China School of Information Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry University Jiangsu Nanjing210037 China Department of Computer Science Durham University DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom

The goal of generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) is to transfer knowledge from seen classes to unseen classes. However, a significant challenge is the single-category attributes are often inadequate to capture the intra-class variability of diverse image samples. During training, the model tends to cluster samples of seen categories based solely on semantic descriptions, overlooking subtle yet important visual differences. To address these challenges, this paper introduces an instance-level attribute updating method, termed as multi-domain feature-enhanced attribute updater (MDAU), which establishes a one-to-one alignment between visual and semantic by obtaining multiple instance-level attributes that closely correspond to the natural intra-class distribution of the image, in contrast to the many-to-one alignment typically used in traditional GZSL approaches. Specifically, we initially compute feature weights for each individual image, and then, the visual information is incorporated as conditions to facilitate the personalized updating of class attributes. We evaluate our model on three benchmark datasets, the results show that our model can achieve the state-of-the-art performance and detailed analysis also illustrates the effectiveness of each proposed module. Code is available at https://***/S-Silvia/MDAU. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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