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Securing the Insecure: A First-Line-of-Defense for Nanoscale Communication Systems Operating in THz Band

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Aman, Waqas Mahboob Ur Rahman, M. Abbas, Hassan T. Khalid, Muhammad Arslan Imran, Muhammad A. Alomainy, Akram Abbasi, Qammer H. Electrical Engineering Department Information Technology University Lahore54000 Pakistan Department of Electronics and Nano Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Division of Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom School of Electronic Engineering and Computer science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom

Nanoscale communication systems operating in Terahertz (THz) band are anticipated to revolutionise the healthcare systems of the future. Global wireless data traffic is undergoing a rapid growth. However, wireless systems, due to their broadcasting nature, are vulnerable to malicious security breaches. In addition, advances in quantum computing poses a risk to existing crypto-based information security. It is of the utmost importance to make the THz systems resilient to potential active and passive attacks which may lead to devastating consequences, especially when handling sensitive patient data in healthcare systems. New strategies are needed to analyse these malicious attacks and to propose viable countermeasures. In this manuscript, we present a new authentication mechanism for nanoscale communication systems operating in THz band at the physical layer. We assessed an impersonation attack on a THz system. We propose using path loss as a fingerprint to conduct authentication via two-step hypothesis testing for a transmission device. We used hidden Markov Model (HMM) viterbi algorithm to enhance the output of hypothesis testing. We also conducted transmitter identification using maximum likelihood and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) expectation maximization algorithms. Our simulations showed that the error probabilities are a decreasing functions of SNR. At 10 dB with 0.2 false alarm, the detection probability was almost one. We further observed that HMM out-performs hypothesis testing at low SNR regime (10% increase in accuracy is recorded at SNR = 5 dB) whereas the GMM is useful when ground truths are noisy. Our work addresses major security gaps faced by communication system either through malicious breaches or quantum computing, enabling new applications of nanoscale systems for Industry 4.0. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Maximum likelihood

Joint long-term cache updating and short-term content delivery in cloud-based small cell networks

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wu, Xiongwei Li, Qiang Li, Xiuhua Leung, Victor C.M. Ching, P.C. Department of Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518052 China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing401331 China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada

Explosive growth of mobile data demand may impose a heavy traffic burden on fronthaul links of cloud-based small cell networks (C-SCNs), which deteriorates users’ quality of service (QoS) and requires substantial power consumption. This paper proposes an efficient maximum distance separable (MDS) coded caching framework for a cache-enabled C-SCNs, aiming at reducing long-term power consumption while satisfying users’ QoS requirements in short-term transmissions. To achieve this goal, the cache resource in small-cell base stations (SBSs) needs to be reasonably updated by taking into account users’ content preferences, SBS collaboration, and characteristics of wireless links. Specifically, without assuming any prior knowledge of content popularity, we formulate a mixed timescale problem to jointly optimize cache updating, multicast beamformers in fronthaul and edge links, and SBS clustering. Nevertheless, this problem is anti-causal because an optimal cache updating policy depends on future content requests and channel state information. To handle it, by properly leveraging historical observations, we propose a two-stage updating scheme by using Frobenius-Norm penalty and inexact block coordinate descent method. Furthermore, we derive a learning-based design, which can obtain effective tradeoff between accuracy and computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage framework. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric power utilization

A Single Inductor LED Driver Combined with a Cross-Connected Fibonacci-Type Converter and a Buck-Boost Converter

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期2022卷

作者： Kei Eguchi Daigo Nakashima Wanglok Do Takaaki Ishibashi Ichirou Oota Department of Information Electronics Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajirohigashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan Department of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science National Institute of Technology Kumamoto College 2659-2 Suya Koushi-shi Kumamoto Japan

To achieve high voltage gains and high power efficiency, a hybrid light emitting diode (LED) driver with a single inductor is proposed in this paper. Unlike existing LED sink drivers, the proposed driver consists of a cross-connected Fibonacci-type converter and a buck-boost converter. In the proposed driver, the cross-connected Fibonacci-type converter drives the anode terminal of LED strings to realize high voltage gains. On the other hand, the buck-boost converter is connected to the cathode terminal of LED strings to provide output current controllability. Furthermore, the proposed driver achieves a small internal resistance, because these two converter blocks are connected in parallel to an input source. The characteristics of the proposed driver is investigated by theoretical analysis, computer simulations, and breadboard experiments. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed driver outperforms the conventional LED sink drivers.

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Synthetic dimension band structures on a Si CMOS photonic platform

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Balčytis, Armandas Ozawa, Tomoki Ota, Yasutomo Iwamoto, Satoshi Maeda, Jun Baba, Toshihiko Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8505 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama223-8522 Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8904 Japan Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8505 Japan

Synthetic dimensions, which simulate spatial coordinates using non-spatial degrees of freedom, are drawing interest in topological science and other fields for modelling higher-dimensional phenomena on simple structures. We present the first realization of a synthetic frequency dimension on a silicon ring resonator photonic device fabricated using a CMOS process. We confirm that its coupled modes correspond to a 1D tight-binding model through acquisition of up to 280 GHz bandwidth optical frequency comb-like spectra, and by measuring the first synthetic band structures on an integrated device. Furthermore, we realized two types of gauge potentials along the frequency dimension, and probed their effects through the associated band structures. An electric field analogue was produced via modulation detuning, whereas effective magnetic fields were induced using synchronized nearest- and second-nearest-neighbor coupling. Creation of coupled mode lattices and two effective forces on a monolithic Si CMOS device represents a key step towards wider adoption of topological principles. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Photonic devices

Modified linear congruential generator to secure random number generation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2387卷

作者： Sathya K. Premalatha J. Vani Rajasekar Madhan Kumar M. Deepak M. Manoj S. R. 1Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science Engineering Kongu Engineering College Perundurai India 2Professor Department of Information Technology Kongu Engineering College Perundurai India 3UG Scholar Dept of CT-UG Kongu Engineering College Perundurai India

Random numbers are important tools for generating secret keys, encrypting messages, or masking the content of certain protocols with a random sequence that can be deterministically generated. The nonattendance of demand about the self-decisive numbers conveyed can make genuine harm cryptographic shows, impelling weaknesses to be mishandled by the aggressors. In this paper, another pseudo - optional number generator calculating that utilizes dynamic design clock changed over to Epoch Timestamp as PRNG seed was made. The figuring utilizes a Linear Congruential Generator (LCG) tally that makes a get-together of pseudo - randomized numbers that performs numerical tasks to change numbers that has all the stores of being disconnected to the Seed. Multiplication result shows that the new PRNG calculation doesn’t convey emphasized self-emphatic numbers subject to the rehash of highlight, a decent pointer that the key for flighty numbers is guaranteed about. Mathematical evaluation utilizing NIST Test Suite results focused to optional movements made flighty numbers has a completely conventional of 0.342 P-Value. For a P-Value≥0.001, a social event would be viewed as abstract with an affirmation of 99.9%. This shows that strength and weirdness were developed. Accordingly, It is astoundingly deterministic in nature and has a benevolence of Pseudo-Random Numbers. It is hence a pleasant wellspring of a social event key age for encryption, equal in the assertion plans and other cryptographic assessment restricts that improve and secure information from a security assault.

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Advanced NOMA Assisted Semi-Grant-Free Transmission Schemes for Randomly Distributed Users

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lu, Huabing Xie, Xianzhong Shi, Zhaoyuan Lei, Hongjiang Yang, Helin Cai, Jun The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China The School of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing400065 China The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computing of Anhui Province Anqing Normal University Anqing246011 China The School of Communication and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing400065 China The Department of Information and Communication Engineering School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University MontrealQCH3G 1M8 Canada

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted semi-grant-free (SGF) transmission has recently received significant research attention due to its outstanding ability of serving grant-free (GF) users with grant-based (GB) users' spectrum, which greatly improves the spectrum efficiency and effectively relieves the massive access problem of 5G and beyond networks. In this paper, we first study the outage performance of the greedy best user scheduling SGF scheme (BU-SGF) by considering the impacts of Rayleigh fading, path loss, and random user locations. In order to tackle the admission fairness problem of the BU-SGF scheme, we propose a fair SGF scheme by applying cumulative distribution function (CDF)-based scheduling (CS-SGF), in which the GF user with the best channel relative to its own statistics will be admitted. Moreover, by employing the theories of order statistics and stochastic geometry, the outage performances of both BU-SGF and CS-SGF schemes are analyzed. Theoretical results show that both schemes can achieve full diversity orders only when the served users' data rate is capped, which severely limits the rate performance of SGF schemes. To further address this issue, we propose a distributed power control strategy to relax such data rate constraint, and derive analytical expressions of the two schemes' outage performances under this strategy. Finally, simulation results validate the fairness performance of the proposed CS-SGF scheme, the effectiveness of the power control strategy, and the accuracy of the theoretical analyses. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum efficiency

A cutting-edge approach to generate random bit sequence with confound chaotic maps

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2387卷

作者： Sathya K. Premalatha J. Vani Rajasekar Sathiyananthan P. TharunPrasath S. Ragul S. 1Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science Engineering Kongu Engineering College Perundurai India 2Professor Department of Information Technology Kongu Engineering College Perundurai India 3UG Scholar Dept of CT-UG Kongu Engineering College Perundurai India

A random number sequence is a sequence of numbers that exhibit statistical randomness. In other words, all numbers in the sequence have an equal chance and it’s hard to predict the next number in the sequence. They are most commonly used in cryptography to strengthen the security. Same key can be used by sender and receiver to generate the same set of random numbers. The pseudo-random number generation is an important task in computer science with various security features. There are 2 types of random number generators; they are True Random Number Generators (TRNG) and Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNG). In recent years, PRNGs are implemented in hardware or software using chaotic maps. Some of the chaotic maps used in PRNG are Logistic map, Lorenz map, Henon map, Skew Tent map, Saw tooth map, etc. The Tinker Bell map is a discrete-time chaotic dynamical system with four system parameters. It is a most commonly studied examples of dynamical systems that exhibit chaotic behaviour. Chaotic maps possess several drawbacks such as the discontinuity of ranges, non-uniform distribution, periodicity in chaotic range, and small key space. In this PRNG, the numbers are generating in an unpredictable manner. To improve the uniform distribution and periodicity in random number generation, combination of Logistic and Tinker bell map is proposed. The Logistic map is a polynomial mapping. The Tinker bell map is known to have shorter periods. It is notable for having chaotic solutions for certain parameter values and initial conditions. In the proposed work, the Tinker bell map perturbs Logistic map to increase the chaotic behaviour of Logistic map. Output of the Logistic map is taken as Pseudo random bit sequence or Pseudo random number. NIST statistical test suite is used to verify the randomness of the generated random sequence.

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A study for Motion-Planning Method Resident-tracking Robot based on Reinforcement Learning 30

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A study for Motion-Planning Method Resident-tracking Robot b...

30th International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, MHS 2019

作者： Sugimoto, Masashi Yoshioka, Takashi Ishii, Kohei Nonaka, Shogo Deguchi, Mikio Tsuzuki, Shinji Hiran, Masatsugu Electrical and Electronic Engineering Course Ehime University Division of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Computer Science 3 Bunkyo-cho Matsuyama City Ehime Pref.790-8577 Japan National Institute of Technology Kagawa College Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 355 Chokushi-cho Takamatsu City Kagawa Pref.761-8058 Japan National Institute of Technology Kagawa College. Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering 355 Chokushi-cho Takamatsu City Kagawa Pref.761-8058 Japan National Institute of Technology Tsuyama College Department of Integrated Science and Technology 624-1 Numa Tsuyama City Okayama Pref.790-8577 Japan National Institute of Technology Niihama College Department of Electronics and Control Engineering 7-1 Yakumo-cho Niihama City Ehime Pref.790-8580 Japan National Institute of Technology Niihama College Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science 7-1 Yakumo-cho Niihama City Ehime Pref.792-8580 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728126746

Among the advanced countries, especially in Japan, we are facing on the decreasing birthrate and aging population ahead of the world. In recent, population of single-living elder, and elderly people have been taking care by same-aged person, have been actualized. Unfortunately, the population of caregivers is decreasing according to year. In this situation, the Elderly Person Watching System has been focused on. Especially, Robotics, Internet of Things, and Artificial Intelligence technology have been having high affinity with this system. In this study, firstly, the person watching robot system will be developed. In detail, in this paper, the flexible-analyze system will be focused on. In the algorithm, a resident-tracking task and an energy-saving task are holding. The whole tasks are working based on Reinforcement Learning. Thus, the behavior algorithm of the person watching robot system will be developed. In detail, in this paper, the flexible-analyze system will be focused on. In the algorithm, a resident-tracking task and an energy-saving task are holding. From the verification experiment, the simulation results showed the proposed method has been acquired actions to switch the desired task. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

The uniqueness of covers of widely generalized line graphs

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Furuya, Michitaka Kubota, Sho Taniguchi, Tetsuji Yoshino, Kiyoto Kitasato University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 1-15-1 Kitasato Minamiku Sagamihara Kanagawa252-0373 Japan Tohoku University Graduate School of Information Sciences 6-3-09 Aoba Aramamakiaza Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi980-8579 Japan Hiroshima Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering 2-1-1 Miyake Saeki-ku Hiroshima731-5193 Japan

As a natural generalization of line graphs, Hoffman line graphs were defined by Woo and Neumaier. Especially, Hoffman line graphs are closely related to the smallest eigenvalue of graphs, and the uniqueness of strict covers of a Hoffman line graph plays a key role in such a study. In this paper, we prove a theorem for the uniqueness of strict covers under a condition which can be checked in finite time. Our result gives a generalization and a short proof for the main part of [Ars Math. Contemp. 1 (2008) 81–98].05C76, 05C50 Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods