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arXiv 2023年

作者： Manzoor, Khadija Noor, Umara Rashid, Zahid Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan Technology Management Economics and Policy Program College of Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-Ro Gwanak-Gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

The Metaverse is rapidly evolving, bringing us closer to its imminent reality. However, the widespread adoption of this new automated technology poses significant research challenges in terms of authenticity, integrity, interoperability, and efficiency. These challenges originate from the core technologies underlying the Metaverse and are exacerbated by its complex nature. As a solution to these challenges, this paper presents a novel framework based on Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). The framework employs the Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm, a blockchain-based technology, for data transaction, validation, and resource management. PoS efficiently consume energy and provide a streamlined validation approach instead of resource-intensive mining. This ability makes PoS an ideal candidate for Metaverse applications. By combining NFTs for user authentication and PoS for data integrity, enhanced transaction throughput, and improved scalability, the proposed blockchain mechanism demonstrates noteworthy advantages. Through security analysis, experimental and simulation results, it is established that the NFT-based approach coupled with the PoS algorithm is secure and efficient for Metaverse applications. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Blockchain

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A New Belief-Based Incomplete Pattern Unsupervised Classification Method : Extended Abstract

A New Belief-Based Incomplete Pattern Unsupervised Classific...

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International Conference on Data engineering

作者： Zuowei Zhang Zhe Liu Zongfang Ma Yiru Zhang Hao Wang Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires University of Rennes 1 France School of Information and Control Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology China Department of Computer Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norway

Imputing the incomplete patterns in clustering tasks is a common but risky procedure, because the estimated values may affect the real distribution of the data and deteriorate the results. To address this problem, a new belief-based incomplete pattern unsupervised classification method (BPC) with uncertainty and imprecision reasoning is proposed in this paper. First, the complete patterns are grouped into a few clusters to obtain the corresponding reliable centers, and thereby are divided into reliable patterns and unreliable ones by an optimization method. Second, a basic classifier trained by reliable patterns is employed to classify unreliable patterns and incomplete patterns edited by the neighbors. Finally, some imprecise patterns are carefully reassigned again by a new distance-based rule depending on the obtained reliable centers and belief functions theory. The simulation results show that the BPC has the potential to deal with real datasets.

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Block-Sparse Tensor Recovery

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lu, Liyang Wang, Zhaocheng Gao, Zhen Chen, Sheng Poor, H. Vincent The Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China The Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen518055 China Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China The School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

This work explores the fundamental problem of the recoverability of a sparse tensor being reconstructed from its compressed embodiment. We present a generalized model of block-sparse tensor recovery as a theoretical foundation, where concepts measuring holistic mutual incoherence property (MIP) of the measurement matrix set are defined. A representative algorithm based on the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) framework, called tensor generalized block OMP (T-GBOMP), is applied to the theoretical framework elaborated for analyzing both noiseless and noisy recovery conditions. Specifically, we present the exact recovery condition (ERC) and sufficient conditions for establishing it with consideration of different degrees of restriction. Reliable reconstruction conditions, in terms of the residual convergence, the estimated error and the signal-to-noise ratio bound, are established to reveal the computable theoretical interpretability based on the newly defined MIP, which we introduce. The flexibility of tensor recovery is highlighted, i.e., the reliable recovery can be guaranteed by optimizing MIP of the measurement matrix set. Analytical comparisons demonstrate that the theoretical results developed are tighter and less restrictive than the existing ones (if any). Further discussions provide tensor extensions for several classic greedy algorithms, indicating that the sophisticated results derived are universal and applicable to all these tensorized variants. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensors

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Combined Envelope Scaling with Modified SLM Method for PAPR Reduction in OFDM-Based VLC Systems

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Journal of Optical Communications 2023年第s1期44卷 S1175-S1180页

作者： Touhami, Ridha Slimani, Djamal Abdulkafi, Ayad Atiyah Hussein, Yaseein Soubhi Alias, Mohamad Yusoff University of Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 Setif19000 Algeria Tikrit University Salahadin Tikrit43001 Iraq Department of Information Technology & Computer Science Ahmed Bin Mohmmed College Doha Qatar Faculty of Engineering Multimedia University Selangor Cyberjaya Malaysia

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing technique (OFDM) has been adopted widely as a modulation technique for radio frequency (RF) and optical communication systems such as visible-light communication (VLC) due to its high spectral efficiency and low-complexity implementation. VLC-OFDM is recommended in 5 G mobile communication. However, VLC-OFDM suffer from the high peak to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, a modified selective mapping (MSLM) method is applied to the proposed system followed by a new envelope scaling process for further reductions in PAPR of VLC-OFDM system. Simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the PAPR by about 6.8 and 1.7 dB comparing with the original signal and the traditional SLM with a number of rotation vector U = 8, respectively. © 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Peak to average power ratio

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Monocular 3d Human Pose Estimation Networks for Steady and Coherent Humanoid-Model Driving

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chan, Din-Yuen Yang, Wei-Jong Liou, Jhih-Siang Mao, Songan Department of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chiayi University No.300 Syuefu Rd. Chiayi City60004 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University 70101 No.1-3 Daxue Rd. East Dist. Tainan City701 Taiwan Qualcomm Incorporated San Diego United States

In this paper, we propose a 3D pose driving (3PD) system containing 2D skeleton pose estimation (2D SPE), 3D association pose estimation (3D APE) networks and 3D angle matched driving (3D AMD) engine. The 2D SPE network consecutively predicts the joint coordinates of human 2D pose in frame bases. Then, the 3D APE network associates the successive 2D poses to predict the 3D skeletons of dynamic poses by temporal convolutional networks. The experimental results demonstrate that the integration of 2D SPE and 3D APE networks can attain the accurate 3D human pose estimation without any auxiliary training for occluded joints. And, the 3D AMD engine can apply the estimated dynamic 3D skeletons to drive a 3D avatar in steady synchronization with the user’s motions. Compared to state-of-the-art network, the proposed 3D human pose estimation network with only 4-frame latency can attain the higher accuracy with regular architecture. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Engines

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Indonesian question classification using feature extraction and selection approach on coarse and fine taxonomy

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2654卷

作者： Irfandy Thalib Widyawan Indah Soesanti 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia

The question classification phase is considered as one of the most significant phases in a Question Answering System to help the system find or construct an accurate answer which results in an improvement of the quality of question answering systems. In this work, we proposed a question classification into a 2-layer taxonomy called Coarse-Fine taxonomy. This is the first work for Indonesian question classification into Coarse-Fine taxonomy. We employed a feature selection and machine learning classification using Support Vector Machine algorithm. In the feature selection, we found that Unigram+TFIDF+Word Shape is the best combination that reached the highest accuracy with 92.9% in Coarse category. On the other hand, the combination of Unigram+TFIDF+WH word features is the best combination for Fine category with 79.3% accuracy.

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High-Order-QAM Blind Equalization for Cognitive Communication Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 2024年

作者： Li Zheng, Wei Xing Liu, Mingqian Chen, Yunfei Zhao, Nan Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xi'an710071 China Western Sydney University Computer Data and Mathematical Sciences SydneyNSW2751 Australia University of Durham Department of Engineering DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Dalian University of Technology School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian116024 China

Blind equalization can not only counteract channel multi-path fading but also guarantee the transmission efficiency of a communication system. However, determining an optimal blind equalizer is typically NP hard. The cost function of such blind equalizer involves an exponentially increasing number of local minima. To reduce the complexity, this study develops an efficient two-stage blind equalization algorithm for quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) systems. To reduce the number of local minima, the multimodulus algorithm (MMA) is implemented in the first stage, and to reduce the steady state error, an improved soft decision-directed algorithm (ISDDA) is implemented in the second stage. A novel modified least squares method (MLSM) is proposed to quickly search for the desired equalizer. The MLSM can converge to the invariance set of the MMA and ISDDA cost functions and has a quadratic termination property. In particular, theoretical analysis shows that the MLSM has a considerably lower computational load than the Newton methods by computing the constant Hessian matrix and its inverse only once. Furthermore, to ensure that the proposed algorithm switches to the second stage as early and suitably as possible, an attainable switching threshold between the two stages is provided on the basis of a hypothesis that the equalizer output error obeys a normal distribution, and the rationale of this hypothesis is also provided. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm has better convergence stability, superior equalization quality, and considerably faster convergence speed than the traditional stochastic-gradient-type dual-mode blind equalization algorithms. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Cost functions

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Fe_(2)Mo_(3)O_(8) nanoparticles self-assembling 3D mesoporous hollow spheres toward superior lithium storage properties

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2021年第1期15卷 156-163页

作者： Lifeng Zhang Yifei Song Weiping Wu Robert Bradley Yue Hu Yi Liu Shouwu Guo School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering School of MathematicsComputer Science and EngineeringCityUniversity of LondonLondonEC1V 0HBUK Department of Materials University of OxfordOxfordOX13PHUK MatSurf Technology Ltd. The Old Stables Marion LodgeCumbriaCA101NWUK School of Energy Resources University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Unique self-assembled iron(II)molybdenum(IV)oxide(Fe_(2)Mo_(3)O_(8))mesoporous hollow spheres have been facilely constructed via the bubble-template-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method combined with simple *** compact assembly of small nanoparticles on the surface of the hollow spheres not only provides more active sites for the Fe_(2)Mo_(3)O_(8),but also benefits the stability of the hollow structure,and thus improved the lithium storage properties of *** Fe_(2)Mo_(3)O_(8) mesoporous hollow spheres exhibit high initial discharge and charge capacities of 1189 and 997 mA∙h∙g^(−1) respectively,as well as good long-term cycling stability(866 mA∙h∙g^(−1) over 70 cycles)when used as a lithium-ion battery *** feasible material synthesis strategy will inspire the variation of structural design in other ternary metal molybdates.

关键词： molybdates Fe_(2)Mo_(3)O_(8) hollow spheres lithium ion batteries anodes

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Secure Beamforming for Continuous Aperture Array (CAPA) Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sun, Mingjun Ouyang, Chongjun Wang, Zhaolin Wu, Shaochuan Liu, Yuanwei School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering UCD College of Engineering and Architecture University College DublinD04 V1W8 Ireland School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Continuous aperture array (CAPA) is considered a promising technology for 6G networks, offering the potential to fully exploit spatial DoFs and achieve the theoretical limits of channel capacity. This paper investigates the performance gain of a CAPA-based downlink secure transmission system, where multiple legitimate user terminals (LUTs) coexist with multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). The system’s secrecy performance is evaluated using a weighted secrecy sum-rate (WSSR) under a power constraint. We then propose two solutions for the secure current pattern design. The first solution is a block coordinate descent (BCD) optimization method based on fractional programming (FP), which introduces a continuous-function inversion theory corresponding to matrix inversion in the discrete domain. This approach derives a closed-form expression for the optimal source current pattern. Based on this, it can be found that the optimal current pattern is essentially a linear combination of the channel spatial responses, thus eliminating the need for complex integration operations during the algorithm’s optimization process. The second solution is a heuristic algorithm based on Zero-Forcing (ZF), which constructs a zero-leakage current pattern using the channel correlation matrix. It further employs a waterfilling approach to design an optimal power allocation scheme that maximizes the WSSR. In high SNR regions, this solution gradually approaches the first solution, ensuring zero leakage while offering lower computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that: 1) CAPA-based systems achieve better WSSR compared to discrete multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. 2) The proposed methods, whether optimization-based or heuristic, provide significant performance improvements over existing state-of-the-art Fourier-based discretization methods, while considerably reducing computational complexity. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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From Partial Calibration to Full Potential: A Two-Stage Sparse DOA Estimation for Incoherently-Distributed Sources with Gain-Phase Uncertainty

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, He Wu, Tuo Liu, Wei Elkashlan, Maged Al-Dhahir, Naofal Debbah, Mérouane Yuen, Chau So, Hing Cheung School of Cyber Science and Engineering Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo315211 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080 United States KU 6G Research Center Department of Computer and Information Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong China

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for incoherently distributed (ID) sources is essential in multipath wireless communication scenarios, yet it remains challenging due to the combined effects of angular spread and gain-phase uncertainties in antenna arrays. This paper presents a two-stage sparse DOA estimation framework, transitioning from partial calibration to full potential, under the generalized array manifold (GAM) framework. In the first stage, coarse DOA estimates are obtained by exploiting the output from a subset of partly-calibrated arrays (PCAs). In the second stage, these estimates are utilized to determine and compensate for gain-phase uncertainties across all array elements. Then a sparse total least-squares optimization problem is formulated and solved via alternating descent to refine the DOA estimates. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method attained improved estimation accuracy compared to existing approaches, while maintaining robustness against both noise and angular spread effects in practical multipath environments. © 2025, CC BY.

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