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IoT-interfaced solid-contact ion-selective electrodes for cyber-monitoring of element- specific nutrient information in hydroponics

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computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2023年 214卷

作者： Wu, Yi-Min Liu, Shao-Yuan Shi, Bo-You Peng, Jui-Yu Kao, Zhi-Wei Chen, Yi-Yi Hsieh, Ting-Yu Chung, Hsing-Ying Lin, Chi-Yi Fang, Wei Chen, Lin-Chi Department of Biomechatronics Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd. Tamsui Dist. New Taipei City25137 Taiwan Department of Plant Industry National Pingtung University of Science and Technology No. 1 Shuefu Road Pingtung Neipu912 Taiwan

This study aims to monitor element-specific nutrient information during hydroponic cultivation by IoT-interfaced miniaturized ion sensors. Because of size, cost, and manufacturing advantages, solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) were fabricated as an ion sensor array and interfaced with wireless embedded-systems to construct an IoT nutrient sensor system (IoNSS) for the first time. The entire IoNSS framework was composed of (i) a nutrient solution sampling and sensing module with SCISEs controlled by an Arduino Due® microcontroller, (ii) a Wio Terminal® microcontroller for automated procedure setting, data recording, and wireless transmission, (iii) a private cloud server (a Network Attached Storage equipped with Node-RED® and MongoDB®) for data management, and (iv) MQTT webpage-based interactive interfaces. In experiments, we found that potentiometric signal resolution and noise of the Arduino-interfaced SCISEs were significantly improved and approached to instrumental DAQ-like quality by additional delta-sigma ADC (ADS1115®) chip conditioning. This facilitated cost-effective harvest of precise and high-quality IoT ion sensor data. Before on-site applications, each SCISE was two-point calibrated in multiple-ion solutions and was checked with the fixed interference method. The ion concentration measurements were also compared with those of commercial ISEs and ion chromatography. To test the system's feasibility, the IoNSS was applied to cyber-monitoring of K+, NO3–, and NH4+ concentrations during two-week hydroponic cultivation of arugula (E. vesicaria) in an indoor plant factory (in Northern Taiwan) with a modified Cornell solution and an outdoor greenhouse (in Southern Taiwan) with a modified Yamasaki solution, respectively. It was demonstrated that the IoNSS was capable of real-time observation of the crop's nitrate/ammonium utilization and nutrient solution's EC-element dependency. Besides, the web interfaces successfully reported growing condition-de

关键词： Hydroponics

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Collaborative Computing in Non-Terrestrial Networks: A Multi-Time-Scale Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cao, Yang Lien, Shao-Yu Liang, Ying-Chang Niyato, Dusit Shen, Xuemin School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu611756 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Institute of Intelligent Systems National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Tainan City711 Taiwan School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Constructing earth-fixed cells with low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) has been the most promising paradigm to enable global coverage. The limited computing capabilities on LEO satellites however render tackling resource optimization within a short duration a critical challenge. Although the sufficient computing capabilities of the ground infrastructures can be utilized to assist the LEO satellite, different time-scale control cycles and coupling decisions between the space- and ground-segments still obstruct the joint optimization design for computing agents at different segments. To address the above challenges, in this paper, a multi-time-scale deep reinforcement learning (DRL) scheme is developed for achieving the radio resource optimization in NTNs, in which the LEO satellite and user equipment (UE) collaborate with each other to perform individual decision-making tasks with different control cycles. Specifically, the UE updates its policy toward improving value functions of both the satellite and UE, while the LEO satellite only performs finite-step rollout for decision-makings based on the reference decision trajectory provided by the UE. Most importantly, rigorous analysis to guarantee the performance convergence of the proposed scheme is provided. Comprehensive simulations are conducted to justify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in balancing the transmission performance and computational complexity. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Nonsingular Adaptive Barrier Function-Based Finite Time Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Mobayen, Saleh Zhang, Jianhua Zhu, Quanmin Fekih, Afef Future Technology Research Center Taiwan Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliu Taiwan School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao266520 China Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics University of the West of England Frenchy Campus Coldharbour Lane BristolBS16 1QY United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisiana at Lafayette LafayetteLA70504 United States

This study presents a novel approach for using sliding mode control (SMC) for uncertain nonlinear systems with external unknown disturbances. A nonsingular adaptive barrier function-based finite time control is developed to deal with such systems. In technical implementation, first a novel sliding surface is designed based on the Hurwitz condition, then, using the finite-time stability method, a novel nonsingular terminal sliding manifold is established and the barrier function is obtained, which can guarantee the sliding surface convergence to the origin in finite time. For functional and numerical validation, two examples of uncertain nonlinear systems are selected to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with the other representative approaches. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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Resource Allocation for Cell-Free Massive MIMO-aided URLLC Systems Relying on Pilot Sharing

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Peng, Qihao Ren, Hong Dong, Mianxiong Elkashlan, Maged Wong, Kai-Kit Hanzo, Lajos School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Department of Information and Electronic Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology Muroran050-8585 Japan Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

Resource allocation is conceived for cell-free (CF) massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO)-aided ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) systems. Specifically, to support multiple devices with limited pilot overhead, pilot reuse among the users is considered, where we formulate a joint pilot length and pilot allocation strategy for maximizing the number of devices admitted. Then, the pilot power and transmit power are jointly optimized while simultaneously satisfying the devices’ decoding error probability, latency, and data rate requirements. Firstly, we derive the lower bounds (LBs) of ergodic data rate under finite channel blocklength (FCBL). Then, we propose a novel pilot assignment algorithm for maximizing the number of devices admitted. Based on the pilot allocation pattern advocated, the weighted sum rate (WSR) is maximized by jointly optimizing the pilot power and payload power. To tackle the resultant NP-hard problem, the original optimization problem is first simplified by sophisticated mathematical transformations, and then approximations are found for transforming the original problems into a series of subproblems in geometric programming (GP) forms that can be readily solved. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed pilot allocation strategy is capable of significantly increasing the number of admitted devices and the proposed power allocation achieves substantial WSR performance gain. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Robust State Estimation in Textureless Scenes Via Rf-Visual-Inertial Fusion for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Shengkai Tang, Sheyang Chen, Mozi Liu, Kezhong He, Jianhua Ma, Jun Xiao, Fei Wang, Wei School of Information Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Gongda Road No. 21 Hubei Wuhan430070 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada School of Navigation Wuhan University of Technology Heping Avenue No. 1178 Hubei Wuhan430070 China School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Essex ColchesterCO4 3SQ United Kingdom Department of Urban Planning and Design The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology Luoyu Road No. 1037 Hubei Wuhan430070 China

The widespread applications of agile micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) require the robust state estimation that works in various complex environments. In particular, working in textureless scenes is one of the missing pieces in the puzzle. Previous solutions either seek a remedy with visual loop closure or leverage RF localizability with inferior accuracy. None of them supports accurate MAV state estimation in textureless scenes. This paper presents RFSift+, a new state estimator that conquers the textureless challenge with RF-referenced monocular vision, achieving centimeter-level accuracy in dark and textureless scenes. Our key observation is that RF and visual measurements are tied up with pose constraints. Mapping RF to feature quality and sift well-matched ones significantly improves accuracy. RFSift+ consists of 1) an RF-sifting algorithm that maps 3D UWB measurements to 2D visual features for sifting the best features;2) an RF bias estimation algorithm that takes the sifted features to reversely estimate the RF bias for better accuracy;3) an RF-visual-inertial sensor fusion algorithm that leverages inertial sensors to combat the occasional loss of visual odometry. We implement the prototype with off-the-shelf products and conduct large-scale experiments. The results demonstrate that RFSift+ is robust in textureless settings, 10× more accurate than the state-of-the-art monocular vision system. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： State estimation

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A Multi-Objective Memetic Algorithm with Adaptive Local Search for Airspace Complexity Mitigation ⋆

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Biyue Guo, Tong Mei, Yi Li, Yumeng Chen, Jun Zhang, Yu Tang, Ke Du, Wenbo School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida TampaFL33620 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Province Shenzhen518055 China

Airspace complexity is a paramount safety metric to measure the difficulty and effort required to safely manage air traffic. The continuing growth in air traffic demand results in increasing airspace complexity and unprecedented safety concerns. Most existing methods treat the minimization of airspace complexity as the sole objective, ignoring the path deviation cost induced by the re-scheduled aircraft. In this paper, regarding reduction of airspace complexity and path deviation cost as two conflicting objectives, a multi-objective airspace complexity mitigation model is proposed to simultaneously ensure the safety and efficiency of air transport by optimizing flight trajectories. To effectively solve this multi-objective and non-linear optimization problem, a novel memetic algorithm called MA-ALS is developed. Specifically, we design a new crossover and three new local search operators under the flight trajectory representation. MA-ALS conducts exploration by crossover, and exploitation by a hill-climbing local search process. Moreover, we proposed an adaptive local search selection mechanism which facilitates the dynamic collaboration of different local search operators during evolution. A comprehensive comparison with the most recently developed algorithms on Chinese air traffic dataset is conducted. The Pareto front generated by the proposed algorithm dominates that of the compared baselines. Moreover, compared with a real flight schedule, the flight plan obtained by the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the airspace complexity. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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A Study on Reducing Illegal Wildlife Trade Based on Data-Driven Predictive Model

A Study on Reducing Illegal Wildlife Trade Based on Data-Dri...

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Cybersecurity, Internet of Things and Soft Computing (CITSC), Asia-Europe Conference on

作者： Binze Han Jiaqing Liu Yizhou Wang Yongkang Lv Zhicheng Pan Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen China School of Economics Liaoning University Shenyang China Aircraft Department Installation Plant 1 Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Co.Ltd. Nanchang China School of Computer and Information Engineering Fuyang Normal University Fuyang China School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering School of Energy Changzhou University Changzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798331504205

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504212

As an important part of the ecological environment and the main part of biodiversity, wildlife is a very important resource for the development of human civilization, and has increasingly become a hotspot and a focus of attention around the world. The aim of this paper is to provide global cooperation and comprehensive strategies for the systematic study of the current illegal wildlife trade, which in turn protects the valuable wildlife resources on earth. In this paper, the keyword “illegal wildlife” is used as the research term, and the relevant data collected is visualized and processed. A correlation analysis model is established to confirm the indicators, and a hierarchical analysis method is used to filter the target customers. Literature is cited to justify the selection of customers. Data-driven analysis based on linear regression modeling is used to convince the client to implement our project by predicting the illegal wildlife trade data for the next few years after the project is landed. Multiple linear regression and time series analysis models are then developed to explore the measurable impact of project implementation on illegal wildlife trade. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the likelihood that the project will be implemented with the desired objectives is examined as well.

关键词： Analytical models Correlation Systematics Computational modeling Biological system modeling Wildlife Linear regression Time series analysis Predictive models Time measurement

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Modeling of UV NLoS Communication Channels: From Atmospheric Scattering and Obstacle Reflection Perspectives

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Tianfeng Yang, Fang Cao, Tian Cheng, Ling Chen, Yupeng Song, Jian Cheng, Julian Han, Zhu Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi’an710071 China School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg2000 South Africa School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China School of Engineering The University of British Columbia KelownaBCV1V 1V7 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

As transceiver elevation angles increase from small to large, existing ultraviolet (UV) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) models encounter two challenges: i) cannot estimate the channel characteristics of UV NLoS communication scenarios when there exists an obstacle in the overlap volume between the transmitter beam and the receiver field-of-view (FoV), and ii) cannot evaluate the channel path loss for the wide beam and wide FoV scenarios with existing simplified single-scattering path loss models. To address these challenges, a UV NLoS scattering model incorporating an obstacle was investigated, where the obstacle’s orientation angle, coordinates, and geometric dimensions were taken into account to approach actual application environments. Then, a UV NLoS reflection model was developed combined with specific geometric diagrams. Further, a simplified single-scattering path loss model was proposed with a closed-form expression. Finally, the proposed models were validated by comparing them with the Monte-Carlo photon-tracing model, the exact single-scattering model, and the latest simplified single-scattering model. Numerical results show that the path loss curves obtained by the proposed models agree well with those attained by related NLoS models under identical parameter settings, and avoiding obstacles is not always a good option for UV NLoS communications. Moreover, the accuracy of the proposed simplified model is superior to that of the existing simplified model for all kinds of transceiver FoV angles. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radio transceivers

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Integrating educational theories with virtual reality: Enhancing engineering education and VR laboratories

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Social Sciences and Humanities Open 2024年 10卷

作者： Abbas Shah, Syed Faisal Mazhar, Tehseen Shahzad, Tariq khan, Muhammad Amir Ghadi, Yazeed Yasin Hamam, Habib Department of Computer Science & Information Technology Virtual University of Pakistan Lahore 54000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science and information Technology School Education Department Government of Punjab Layyah 31200 Pakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Sahiwal 57000 Pakistan School of Computing Sciences College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Shah Alam 40450 Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain University Abu Dhabi 12555 United Arab Emirates Faculty of Engineering University de Moncton Moncton E1A3E9 NB Canada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg 2006 South Africa International Institute of Technology and Management (IITG) Av. Grandes Ecoles BP Libreville 1989 Gabon Bridges for Academic Excellence - Spectrum Tunis Tunisia

Immersive technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (XR), create realistic digital experiences by overlaying digital elements. This study aims to highlight the benefits of utilizing VR technology in education, particularly in universities and higher education institutions, by integrating VR with educational theories to create engaging and interactive learning experiences that enhance understanding and retention. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of 103 works, synthesizing existing literature to evaluate the suitability of various educational approaches and theories for implementation in VR-based educational applications. The findings emphasize VR's potential to transform learning by providing immersive experiences that bridge different domains and encourage engagement. By integrating learning theory into VR development, meaningful learning environments can be created, improving student understanding and retention across diverse learning settings. The study concludes that the combination of technology and educational theories provides a novel approach to motivate students and foster deep learning in VR laboratories. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Augmented reality Educational theories engineering education Immersive technology Interactive learning VR laboratories

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Component Fault Diagnosability of Hierarchical Cubic Networks

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ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 2021年第3期28卷 1-19页

作者： Huang, Yanze Wen, Kui Lin, Limei Xu, Li Hsieh, Sun-Yuan Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of Technology No. 3 Xueyuan Road Fujian Fuzhou China College of Computer and Cyber Security Fujian Normal University No. 8 Xuefu South Road Fujian Fuzhou350117 China Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan70101 Taiwan

The fault diagnosability of a network indicates the self-diagnosis ability of the network, thus it is an important measure of robustness of the network. As a neoteric feature for measuring fault diagnosability, the r-component diagnosability ctr(G) of a network G imposes the restriction that the number of components is at least r in the remaining network of G by deleting faulty set X, which enhances the diagnosability of G. In this article, we establish the r-component diagnosability for n-dimensional hierarchical cubic network HCNn, and we show that, under both PMC model and MM∗model, the r-component diagnosability of HCNn is rn-½(r-1)r+1 for n≥ 2 and 1≤ r≤ n-1. Moreover, we introduce the concepts of 0-PMC subgraph and 0-MM∗subgraph of HCNn. Then, we make use of 0-PMC subgraph and 0-MM∗subgraph of HCNn to design two algorithms under PMC model and MM∗model, respectively, which are practical and efficient for component fault diagnosis of HCNn. Besides, we compare the r-component diagnosability of HCNn with the extra conditional diagnosability, diagnosability, good-neighbor diagnosability, pessimistic diagnosability, and conditional diagnosability, and we verify that the r-component diagnosability of HCNn is higher than the other types of diagnosability. © 2023 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Failure analysis

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