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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第4期5卷 1429-1442页

作者： Bharati, Subrato Mondal, M. Rubaiyat Hossain Podder, Prajoy Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Institute of Information and Communication Technology Dhaka1205 Bangladesh Concordia University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MontrealQCH3G 1M8 Canada

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly finding applications in the field of medicine. Concerns have been raised about the explainability of the decisions that are made by these AI models. In this article, we give a systematic analysis of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), with a primary focus on models that are currently being used in the field of healthcare. The literature search is conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses standards for relevant work published from 1 January 2012 to 2 February 2022. The review analyzes the prevailing trends in XAI and lays out the major directions in which research is headed. We investigate the why, how, and when of the uses of these XAI models and their implications. We present a comprehensive examination of XAI methodologies as well as an explanation of how a trustworthy AI can be derived from describing AI models for healthcare fields. The discussion of this work will contribute to the formalization of the XAI field. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Medical imaging

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An improved pulse coupled neural networks model for semantic IoT

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 557-567页

作者： Rong Ma Zhen Zhang Yide Ma Xiping Hu Edith C.H.Ngai Victor C.M.Leung School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Medical Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineer The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

In recent years,the Internet of Things(IoT)has gradually developed applications such as collecting sensory data and building intelligent services,which has led to an explosion in mobile data ***,with the rapid development of artificial intelligence,semantic communication has attracted great attention as a new communication ***,for IoT devices,however,processing image information efficiently in real time is an essential task for the rapid transmission of semantic *** the increase of model parameters in deep learning methods,the model inference time in sensor devices continues to *** contrast,the Pulse Coupled Neural Network(PCNN)has fewer parameters,making it more suitable for processing real-time scene tasks such as image segmentation,which lays the foundation for real-time,effective,and accurate image ***,the parameters of PCNN are determined by trial and error,which limits its *** overcome this limitation,an Improved Pulse Coupled Neural Networks(IPCNN)model is proposed in this *** IPCNN constructs the connection between the static properties of the input image and the dynamic properties of the neurons,and all its parameters are set adaptively,which avoids the inconvenience of manual setting in traditional methods and improves the adaptability of parameters to different types of *** segmentation results demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed self-adaptive parameter setting method of IPCNN on the gray images and natural images from the Matlab and Berkeley Segmentation *** IPCNN method achieves a better segmentation result without training,providing a new solution for the real-time transmission of image semantic information.

关键词： Internet of things(IoT) Semantic information Real-time application Improved pulse coupled neural network Image segmentation

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RIS-Aided MIMO Downlink Transmission for Ultradense LEO Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 15304-15318页

作者： Zhang, Xin Qin, Xiaohan Zhang, Zitian Cai, Lin X. Zhou, Haibo Zhuang, Weihua Nanjing University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing210023 China Zhejiang Gongshang University School of Information and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310018 China Illinois Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ChicagoIL60616 United States University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Ultradense low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-terrestrial network (ULSN) has evolved as a new paradigm to provide ubiquitous and high-capacity communications in next generation wireless networks. However, the direct LEO satellite broadband connectivity faces significant challenges in urban environments due to the masking effect, which limits the reliability and availability of communication links in ULSNs. To address this, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is emerging as a promising solution in ULSNs. In this article, we investigate RIS-aided downlink data transmission in urban environments of multiusers in ULSNs. We set up a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for maximizing the sum rate of terrestrial users in ULSNs. To solve the complex MIP problem, we propose a two-phase joint optimization algorithm with a deep learning phase and an alternative optimization (AO) phase. In the deep learning phase, a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal user association matrix based on the positions of terrestrial users and LEO satellites. Then in the AO phase, successive convex approximation is utilized to transform the nonconvex subproblems of beamforming and RIS phase design into convex formulations and iteratively solve them. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other baseline algorithms. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Integer programming

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Cultivating Cluster Enactment in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Hybrid Metaheuristics Intended for Energy Optimization

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SN computer Science 2025年第3期6卷 1-12页

作者： Kushwaha, Ajay Goswami, Anjali Sharada, K. Sharma, Manmohan Berar, Gagandeep Edara, Deepak Chowdary Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rungta College of Engineering and Technology R1 CG Bhilai India Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science and Theoretical Studies Saudi Electronic University Riyadh 13323 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering GITAM (Deemed to be University) AP Visakhapatnam India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Rajasthan Jaipur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura India Department of CSE Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research Vadlamudi AP Guntur India

Though traditional search methods shine when faced with local goals and a plethora of decision factors, they could struggle when faced with engineering design limitations. On the other hand, metaheuristic approaches promise to find global optima in real-world optimization problems, even in nonlinear and multimodal settings. In order to improve cluster head selection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), this research presents a new metaheuristic method that combines the principles of Cuckoo Search method (CSA) and Selection by Optimization (SBO). When choosing a Chief Cluster Head (CCH), the CSA algorithm takes hop count into account, whereas SBO finds the best cluster heads by considering communication range. By comparing the suggested approach to both stand-alone SBO and CSA methods, we can see how well it performs in terms of throughput, latency, energy usage, delivery ratio, and packet overhead. The combined SBO-CSA method improves cluster performance, simplifies cluster head selection in WSNs, and increases network efficiency overall, according to the results. To prove its efficacy in enhancing network performance, the suggested solution outperforms standalone SBO and CSA approaches across a range of performance parameters, such as throughput, latency, energy consumption, and packet overhead. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： CCH CH CSA Metaheuristic methods SBO

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Minimizing Model Size of CNN-Based Vehicle Make Recognition for Frontal Vehicle Images

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 97409-97420页

作者： Wiput Puisamlee Rathachai Chawuthai 1Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand 2Department of Computer Engineering School of Engineering King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand

Vehicle Make Model Recognition (VMMR) is commonly used in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), free-flow image-based toll systems, and enforcement systems. These systems must analyze and process vehicle front images for use as evidence. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are widely used for image classification and VMMR problems. Complex model structures and more internal parameters are needed to improve classification accuracy with many classes. Issues included larger models and longer processing times. The goal of this work is to study and create a smaller CNN model that can be used on devices with limited resources, like embedded computers and embedded computer cameras, to figure out what kind of car it is from a front view picture. Real free-flow toll systems were used to train a CNN model that recognized vehicle makes with 99% accuracy. The model is smaller than VGG16, InceptionV3, Yolo11m-cls, and ResNet50 and has over 90% accuracy. It reduced parameters by 69.95% and developed the CTv1 model to achieve an F1 score 2.06% higher than InceptionV3, the best. The model was tested on a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, processing images in 1 second and using 25 mWh. The compact version of the proposed model also adjusts the Padding and Stride of the Convolutional Layer and reduces the CNN model size using Depth-wise Separable Convolutional and $1\times 1$ Convolutional Dimension Reduction (Bottleneck) methods to test vehicle make recognition accuracy, training time, processing time, and model size.

关键词： Convolution Convolutional neural networks Computational modeling Accuracy Image recognition Filters Feature extraction Kernel Training Residual neural networks

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Implementation of InceptionV3 Model for Skin Disease Detection and Classification 6

Implementation of InceptionV3 Model for Skin Disease Detecti...

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6th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics, ICMCSI 2025

作者： Reddy, Kunam Subba Ayyavaraiah, Monelli Lalithadevi, B. Mohanadevi, A. Sagili, Sreenivas Reddy Bharathi, V.C. Department of CSE Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering& Technology Nandyal India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of IT Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology India Department of computer science Rochester Institute Of Technology 1 Lomb Memorial Drive RochesterNY14623 United States School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP University Andhra Pradesh Amaravati India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522667

Skin disorders represent a significant worldwide health issue, and timely diagnosis and classification are necessary for effective treatment. In this work, we present an improved approach for the identification and recognition of skin illnesses using a DL based system. Using the powerful Inception V3 convolutional neural network architecture, we propose a new method. The novel work specifies in the diagnosis and classification of a broad variety of skin disorders, counting normal skin as well as rashes, melanoma, keloid, measles, chickenpox, monkeypox, and basal cell carcinoma. The Inception V3 model is trained using a dataset that contains annotated samples of diverse skin conditions. Images of skin lesions are then preprocessed to add more features. The pretrained Inception V3 network is transfer learning-tuned to our specific task, enabling it to learn the discriminative characteristics required for skin condition identification. During the training phase, the algorithm learned to extract complicated patterns and information from photographs of skin lesions, which allows it to identify between various skin illnesses with excellent accuracy. We employ techniques like proposed data augmentation to expand the representation capability to simplify while lowering overfitting. Various test datasets are utilized for validation in direction to assess the trained representation accuracy in real-world scenarios. Our tests' results demonstrate how effectively the recommended approach may accurately diagnose and classify a range of skin problems. Among the notable performance measures the algorithm achieves across a range of classes are high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The model is shown to have superior performance and shows potential for clinical applications through cross-validation and comparison with existing methods to evaluate its resilience. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Application of a 3D Sensor as a Vehicle Detector

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IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 2023年第6期143卷 464-472页

作者： Teng, Lin Watanabe, Nobuhiro Matsuzaki, Hiroaki Izumi, Takashi Lu, Xiaofeng Izumi & Teng Lab. Department of Computer Engineering College of Science and Technology Nihon University 7-24-1 Narashinodai Funabashi Chiba274-8501 Japan School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi Xi’an710048 China

Vehicle detectors are required to operate in various environments. Current detectors employ various types of sensors including ultrasonic, loop coil, and image sensors. However, there exist some problems such as temperature and wind effects, maintenance problems, and accuracy degradation during nighttime. To solve these problems, we propose a vehicle detector that utilizes a 3D sensor based on near infrared laser and Time-of-Flight. This sensor can acquire a three-dimensional image that includes the distance data, unaffected by the external factors mentioned earlier. Therefore, our proposed vehicle detector design can be applied to traffic volume measurement, vehicle classification, multiple lane detection, etc. This paper discusses the application of the proposed vehicle detector in several scenarios. © 2023 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Volume measurement

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A critical review on the influence of operating parameters and feedstock characteristics on microwave pyrolysis of biomass

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第46期31卷 57570-57593页

作者： Palla, Sridhar Surya, Dadi Venkata Pritam, Kocherlakota Puppala, Harish Basak, Tanmay Palla, Venkata Chandra Sekhar Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam530003 India Department of Chemical Engineering Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar382426 India Department of Mathematics Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar382426 India 1Department of Civil Engineering SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh Mangalagiri522502 India Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai600036 India Dehradun248005 India

Biomass pyrolysis is the most effective process to convert abundant organic matter into value-added products that could be an alternative to depleting fossil fuels. A comprehensive understanding of the biomass pyrolysis is essential in designing the experiments. However, pyrolysis is a complex process dependent on multiple feedstock characteristics, such as biomass consisting of volatile matter, moisture content, fixed carbon, and ash content, all of which can influence yield formation. On top of that, product composition can also be affected by the particle size, shape, susceptors used, and pre-treatment conditions of the feedstock. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) is a novel thermochemical process that improves internal heat transfer. MAP experiments complicate the operation due to additional governing factors (i.e. operating parameters) such as heating rate, temperature, and microwave power. In most instances, a single parameter or the interaction of parameters, i.e. the influence of other parameter integration, plays a crucial role in pyrolysis. Although various studies on a few operating parameters or feedstock characteristics have been discussed in the literature, a comprehensive review still needs to be provided. Consequently, this review paper deconstructed biomass and its sources, including microwave-assisted pyrolysis, and discussed the impact of operating parameters and biomass properties on pyrolysis products. This paper addresses the challenge of handling multivariate problems in MAP and delivers solutions by application of the machine learning technique to minimise experimental effort. Techno-economic analysis of the biomass pyrolysis process and suggestions for future research are also discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feedstocks

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XEMLPD: an explainable ensemble machine learning approach for Parkinson disease diagnosis with optimized features

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International Journal of Speech technology 2024年第4期27卷 1055-1083页

作者： Khanom, Fahmida Biswas, Shuvo Uddin, Mohammad Shorif Mostafiz, Rafid Department of Mathematics American International University – Bangladesh 408/1 Kuratoli Dhaka Khilkhet1229 Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Santosh Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jahangirnagar University Savar Bangladesh Institute of Information Technology Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that gradually worsens over time, making early diagnosis difficult. Traditionally, diagnosis relies on a neurologist's detailed assessment of the patient's medical history and multiple scans. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have demonstrated superior performance by capturing complex, nonlinear patterns in clinical data. However, the opaque nature of many AI models, often referred to as "black box" systems, has raised concerns about their transparency, resulting in hesitation among clinicians to trust their outputs. To address this challenge, we propose an explainable ensemble machine learning framework, XEMLPD, designed to provide both global and local interpretability in PD diagnosis while maintaining high predictive accuracy. Our study utilized two clinical datasets, carefully curated and optimized through a two-step data preprocessing technique that handled outliers and ensured data balance, thereby reducing bias. Several ensemble machine learning (EML) models—boosting, bagging, stacking, and voting—were evaluated, with optimized features selected using techniques such as SelectedKBest, mRMR, PCA, and LDA. Among these, the stacking model combined with LDA feature optimization consistently delivered the highest accuracy. To ensure transparency, we integrated explainable AI methods—SHapley Adaptive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME)—into the stacking model. These methods were applied post-evaluation, ensuring that each prediction is accompanied by a detailed explanation. By offering both global and local interpretability, the XEMLPD framework provides clear insights into the decision-making process of the model. This transparency aids clinicians in developing better treatment strategies and enhances the overall prognosis for PD patients. Additionally, our framework serves as a valuable tool for clinical data

关键词： CAD systems Ensemble machine learning Explainable AI Feature optimization Parkinson's disease

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Intelligent Proximate Analysis of Coal Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multioutput Deep Learning

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第3期5卷 1398-1410页

作者： Zou, Liang Qiao, Jiahui Yu, Xinhui Chen, Xun Lei, Meng School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230027 China

Proximate analysis of coal indicates the moisture, ash, volatile content, and calorific value, which has been widely utilized as the basis for coal characterization. It involves heating the coal under various conditions until a constant weight is obtained. Although it is a relatively simple process that does not require expensive analytical equipment, determining these characteristics is time consuming. An alternative way for proximate analysis is spectral analysis in combination with various machine learning methods. However, most previous works analyze individual characteristics and fail to explore the relationship among them. In this study, we propose a method for proximate analysis based on near-infrared spectroscopy and a multioutput attention Unet (MOA-Unet), which can predict multiple characteristics simultaneously. First, an attention-based Unet is designed as the shared feature extraction subnetwork, including an encoder, a decoder, convolutional block attention modules, and multiscale feature fusion modules, which can improve the representation power of the U-shape network through aggregating features of shallower layers and concatenating features of deeper layers. Second, four individual subnetworks with fully connected layers, designed for four outputs, are utilized for regressing those four characteristics. We employ the gradient normalization algorithm to alleviate the gradient magnitude masking effect caused by training imbalance among different tasks. The proposedMOA-Unet is compared with classical chemometric methods on 670 coal samples from on-site *** experimental results demonstrate that the proposedmodel achieves state-of-the-art performance with correlation coefficients of 0.9015, 0.9538, 0.8986, and 0.8884, corresponding to moisture, ash, volatile content, and calorific value, respectively. Impact Statement-The proximate analysis of coal has been widely utilized as the basis for determining the rank of coal which is in connection with coa

关键词： Feature extraction

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