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Sample-efficient model-based reinforcement learning for quantum control

Physical Review Research 2023年第4期5卷 043002-043002页

作者： Irtaza Khalid Carrie A. Weidner Edmond A. Jonckheere Sophie G. Schirmer Frank C. Langbein School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 4AG United Kingdom Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1FD United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90007 USA Department of Physics Swansea University Swansea SA2 8PP United Kingdom

We propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) approach for noisy time-dependent gate optimization with reduced sample complexity over model-free RL. Sample complexity is defined as the number of controller interactions with the physical system. Leveraging an inductive bias, inspired by recent advances in neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we use an autodifferentiable ODE, parametrized by a learnable Hamiltonian ansatz, to represent the model approximating the environment, whose time-dependent part, including the control, is fully known. Control alongside Hamiltonian learning of continuous time-independent parameters is addressed through interactions with the system. We demonstrate an order of magnitude advantage in sample complexity of our method over standard model-free RL in preparing some standard unitary gates with closed and open system dynamics, in realistic computational experiments incorporating single-shot measurements, arbitrary Hilbert space truncations, and uncertainty in Hamiltonian parameters. Also, the learned Hamiltonian can be leveraged by existing control methods like GRAPE (gradient ascent pulse engineering) for further gradient-based optimization with the controllers found by RL as initializations. Our algorithm, which we apply to nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers and transmons, is well suited for controlling partially characterized one- and two-qubit systems.

关键词： Machine learning Open quantum systems & decoherence Quantum computation Quantum control Quantum feedback Quantum information processing Quantum information theory Quantum parameter estimation Quantum tomography

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Evaluating the Robustness of Complementary Channel Ferroelectric FETs Against Total Ionizing Dose Towards Radiation-Tolerant Embedded Nonvolatile Memory

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Jiang, Zhouhang Guo, Zixiang Luo, Xuyi Sayed, Munazza Faris, Zubair Mulaosmanovic, Halid Duenkel, Stefan Soss, Steven Beyer, Sven Gong, Xiao Kurinec, Santosh Narayanan, Vijaykrishnan Amrouch, Hussam Zhang, Enxia Fleetwood, Daniel M. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Ni, Kai The Microsystems Engineering Ph.D. Program The Mechanical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70174 Germany Germany The Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Arcisstrasse 21 Munich80333 Germany The GlobalFoundries Fab1 LLC Dresden Germany The Department of Electrical Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Penn State University University ParkPA16802 United States The Department of Electrical and Microelectric Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States

In this work, a thorough assessment of the robustness of complementary channel HfO2 ferroelectric FET (FeFET) against total ionizing dose (TID) radiation is conducted, with the goal of determining its suitability for use as high-performance and energy-efficient embedded nonvolatile memory (eNVM) for space applications. We demonstrate that: i) ferroelectric HfO2 thin film is robust against X-ray and proton irradiation;ii) FeFET exhibits a polarization state dependent radiation sensitivity where the high-VTH (HVT) state sees noticeable negative VTH shift and low-VTH (LVT) is immune to irradiation, irrespective of the channel type;iii) the state dependence is ascribed to the depolarization field in the HVT, which points toward the channel and facilitates the transport and trapping of radiation-generated holes close to the channel. In the future, radiation hardening techniques need to be considered. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Radiation effects

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DeceFL:a principled fully decentralized federated learning framework

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National science Open 2023年第1期2卷 35-51页

作者： Ye Yuan Jun Liu Dou Jin Zuogong Yue Tao Yang Ruijuan Chen Maolin Wang Chuan Sun Lei Xu Feng Hua Yuqi Guo Xiuchuan Tang Xin He Xinlei Yi Dong Li Guanghui Wen Wenwu Yu Hai-Tao Zhang Tianyou Chai Shaochun Sui Han Ding School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Applied Mathematics University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Digital FuturesKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden Shenyang Institute of Automation(SIA) Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110169China School of Mathematics Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and SecuritySoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing 211111China AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Industrial(Group)Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610091China

Traditional machine learning relies on a centralized data pipeline for model training in various applications;however,data are inherently *** a decentralized nature of databases presents the serious challenge for collaboration:sending all decentralized datasets to a central server raises serious privacy *** there has been a joint effort in tackling such a critical issue by proposing privacy-preserving machine learning frameworks,such as federated learning,most state-of-the-art frameworks are built still in a centralized way,in which a central client is needed for collecting and distributing model information(instead of data itself)from every other client,leading to high communication burden and high vulnerability when there exists a failure at or an attack on the central *** we propose a principled decentralized federated learning algorithm(DeceFL),which does not require a central client and relies only on local information transmission between clients and their neighbors,representing a fully decentralized learning *** has been further proven that every client reaches the global minimum with zero performance gap and achieves the same convergence rate O(1=T)(where T is the number of iterations in gradient descent)as centralized federated learning when the loss function is smooth and strongly ***,the proposed algorithm has been applied to a number of applications to illustrate its effectiveness for both convex and nonconvex loss functions,time-invariant and time-varying topologies,as well as IID and Non-IID of datasets,demonstrating its applicability to a wide range of real-world medical and industrial applications.

关键词： decentralized federated learning smart manufacturing control systems privacy

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Power of Sequential Protocols in Hidden Quantum Channel Discrimination

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第24期132卷 240805-240805页

作者： Sho Sugiura Arkopal Dutt William J. Munro Sina Zeytinoğlu Isaac L. Chuang Physics and Informatics Laboratory NTT Research Inc. 940 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale California 94085 USA Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics Co-Design Center for Quantum Advantage Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya Atsugi Kanagawa 243-0198 Japan Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna-son Okinawa 904-0495 Japan Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

In many natural and engineered systems, unknown quantum channels act on a subsystem that cannot be directly controlled and measured, but is instead learned through a controllable subsystem that weakly interacts with it. We study quantum channel discrimination (QCD) under these restrictions, which we call hidden system QCD. We find sequential protocols achieve perfect discrimination and saturate the Heisenberg limit. In contrast, depth-1 parallel and multishot protocols cannot solve hidden system QCD. This suggests sequential protocols are superior in experimentally realistic situations.

关键词： Quantum measurements Quantum metrology Quantum sensing

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Robustness of Dynamic Quantum Control: Differential Sensitivity Bounds

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： O'Neil, S.P. Weidner, C.A. Jonckheere, E.A. Langbein, F.C. Schirmer, S.G. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90007 United States School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom Faculty of Science and Engineering Physics Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom

Dynamic control via optimized, piecewise-constant pulses is a common paradigm for open-loop control to implement quantum gates. While numerous methods exist for the synthesis of such controls, there are many open questions regarding the robustness of the resulting control schemes in the presence of model uncertainty;unlike in classical control, there are generally no analytical guarantees on the control performance with respect to inexact modeling of the system. In this paper a new robustness measure based on the differential sensitivity of the gate fidelity error to parametric (structured) uncertainties is introduced, and bounds on the differential sensitivity to parametric uncertainties are used to establish performance guarantees for optimal controllers for a variety of quantum gate types, system sizes, and control implementations. Specifically, it is shown how a maximum allowable perturbation over a set of Hamiltonian uncertainties that guarantees a given fidelity error, can be reliably computed. This measure of robustness is inversely proportional to the upper bound on the differential sensitivity of the fidelity error evaluated under nominal operating conditions. Finally, the results show that the nominal fidelity error and differential sensitivity upper bound are positively correlated across a wide range of problems and control implementations, suggesting that in the high-fidelity control regime, rather than there being a trade-off between fidelity and robustness, higher nominal gate fidelities are positively correlated with increased robustness of the controls in the presence of parametric uncertainties. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robustness (control systems)

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A Tutorial on Movable Antennas for Wireless Networks

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IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2025年

作者： Zhu, Lipeng Ma, Wenyan Mei, Weidong Zeng, Yong Wu, Qingqing Ning, Boyu Xiao, Zhenyu Shao, Xiaodan Zhang, Jun Zhang, Rui National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Chengdu611731 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China Beihang University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing100191 China University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM Miit Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Sensing Beijing100081 China The Chinese University of HongKong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China

Movable antenna (MA) has been recognized as a promising technology to enhance the performance of wireless communication and sensing by enabling antenna movement. Such a significant paradigm shift from conventional fixed antennas (FAs) to MAs offers tremendous new opportunities towards realizing more versatile, adaptive and efficient next-generation wireless networks such as 6G. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive tutorial on the fundamentals and advancements in the area of MA-empowered wireless networks. First, we overview the historical development and contemporary applications of MA technologies. Next, to characterize the continuous variation in wireless channels with respect to antenna position and/or orientation, we present new field-response channel models tailored for MAs, which are applicable to narrowband and wideband systems as well as far-field and near-field propagation conditions. Subsequently, we review the state-of-the-art architectures for implementing MAs and discuss their practical constraints. A general optimization framework is then formulated to fully exploit the spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) in antenna movement for performance enhancement in wireless systems. In particular, we delve into two major design issues for MA systems. First, we address the intricate antenna movement optimization problem for various communication and/or sensing systems to maximize the performance gains achievable by MAs. Second, we deal with the challenging channel acquisition issue in MA systems for reconstructing the channel mapping between arbitrary antenna positions inside the transmitter and receiver regions. Moreover, we show existing prototypes developed for MA-aided communication/sensing and the experimental results based on them. Finally, the extension of MA design to other wireless systems and its synergy with other emerging wireless technologies are discussed. We also highlight promising research directions in this area to inspire future investigatio

关键词： Antenna arrays

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Robust Quantum Control in Closed and Open Systems: Theory and Practice

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Weidner, C.A. Reed, E.A. Monroe, J. Sheller, B. O’Neil, S. Maas, E. Jonckheere, E.A. Langbein, F.C. Schirmer, S.G. Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas Tech University LubbockTX79409 United States Boeing Research & Technology Huntington BeachCA92647 United States Department of Computer Science Drake University 2507 University Ave Des MoinesIA50311 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom

Robust control of quantum systems is an increasingly relevant field of study amidst the second quantum revolution, but there remains a gap between taming quantum physics and robust control in its modern analytical form that culminated in fundamental performance bounds. With certain exceptions such as quantum optical systems that can be modelled as linear stochastic differential equations, quantum systems are not amenable to linear, time-invariant, measurement-based robust control techniques, and thus novel gap-bridging techniques must be developed. This survey is written for control theorists to provide a review of the current state of quantum control and outline the challenges faced in trying to apply modern robust control to quantum systems. We present issues that arise when applying classical robust control theory to quantum systems, typical methods used by quantum physicists to explore such systems and their robustness, as well as a discussion of open problems to be addressed in the field. We focus on general, practical applications and recent work to enable control researchers to contribute to advancing this burgeoning field. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Disturbance-agnostic robust performance with structured uncertainties and initial state error in classical versus quantum oscillatory systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Jonckheere, Edmond Schirmer, Sophie G. Langbein, Frank C. Weidner, Carrie A. O'Neil, Sean The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States The Faculty of Science & Engineering Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom The School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom The Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom

A method to quantify robust performance for situations where structured parameter variations and initial state errors rather than extraneous disturbances are the main performance limiting factors is presented. The approach is based on the error dynamics, the difference between nominal and perturbed dynamics, driven by either the unperturbed or perturbed state, rather than an artificially imposed disturbance. The unperturbed versus perturbed dichotomy can be interpreted as the relative error dynamics scaled by either the unperturbed or perturbed dynamics. The error dynamics driven by unperturbed state has the unique feature of decoupling the effect of physically meaningful uncertainties from an additive disturbance. The perturbed case offers the possibility to side-step Structured Singular Value (SSV) computations. Applications to a lightly damped mechanical system and a slowly dephasing quantum system demonstrate the usefulness of the concepts across a broad range of systems. Finally, a fixed-point algorithm specifically developed for quantum systems with state transitions depending in a nonlinear fashion on uncertainties is proposed as the substitute for classical SSV. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robust control

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Sample-efficient Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Control

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Khalid, Irtaza Weidner, Carrie A. Jonckheere, Edmond A. Schirmer, Sophie G. Langbein, Frank C. School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90007 United States Department of Physics Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom

We propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) approach for noisy time-dependent gate optimization with reduced sample complexity over model-free RL. Sample complexity is defined as the number of controller interactions with the physical system. Leveraging an inductive bias, inspired by recent advances in neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we use an auto-differentiable ODE, parametrized by a learnable Hamiltonian ansatz, to represent the model approximating the environment, whose time-dependent part, including the control, is fully known. Control alongside Hamiltonian learning of continuous time-independent parameters is addressed through interactions with the system. We demonstrate an order of magnitude advantage in sample complexity of our method over standard model-free RL in preparing some standard unitary gates with closed and open system dynamics, in realistic computational experiments incorporating single shot measurements, arbitrary Hilbert space truncations, and uncertainty in Hamiltonian parameters. Also, the learned Hamiltonian can be leveraged by existing control methods like GRAPE for further gradient-based optimization with the controllers found by RL as initializations. Our algorithm, which we apply to nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers and transmons, is well suited for controlling partially characterized one- and two-qubit systems. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Visualization of microphone's acoustic center using phase-shifting interferometry 24

Visualization of microphone's acoustic center using phase-sh...

引用

24th International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 2022

作者： Hermawanto, Denny Ishikawa, Kenji Yatabe, Kohei Oikawa, Yasuhiro B.J. Habibie Building 15th-24th floor Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat10340 Indonesia NTT Communication Science Laboratories Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Kanagawa Atsugi243-0198 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-choKoganei-shi Tokyo184-8588 Japan Department of Intermedia Art and Science Waseda University 3-4-1 OhkuboShinjuku-ku Tokyo169-8555 Japan

Acoustic center defines the location of equivalent point source properties of a sound source in the free field. This concept also applies to the microphone acting as a sound source or receiver. The microphone's acoustic center is important in the free field reciprocity calibration to get the acoustical transfer impedance value for sensitivity calculation. The existence of an acoustic center has been numerically proven by simulating the movement of the microphone's diaphragm, but no experimental visualization result has been made. In this study, we employ an optical-based measurement method to obtain the sound field generated by a microphone acting as a sound source. The phase-shifting interferometry is implemented to obtain the phase shift of the light corresponding to sound pressure. An experiment using a B&K 4180 microphone as a sound source was performed. The region in front of the microphone was set as the measurement area. By using the method, a 2D sound field of the microphone can be visualized. From the experimental results at a frequency of 10 kHz to 50 kHz, it can be visually observed that the location of the origin of the sound was behind or ahead of the diaphragm and varies depending on the frequency. © ICA *** rights reserved

关键词： Microphone Sound field Visualization

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