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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhu, Lipeng Ma, Wenyan Mei, Weidong Zeng, Yong Wu, Qingqing Ning, Boyu Xiao, Zhenyu Shao, Xiaodan Zhang, Jun Zhang, Rui Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Chengdu611731 China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Sensing Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China

Movable antenna (MA) has been recognized as a promising technology to enhance the performance of wireless communication and sensing by enabling antenna movement. Such a significant paradigm shift from conventional fixed antennas (FAs) to MAs offers tremendous new opportunities towards realizing more versatile, adaptive and efficient next-generation wireless networks such as 6G. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive tutorial on the fundamentals and advancements in the area of MA-empowered wireless networks. First, we overview the historical development and contemporary applications of MA technologies. Next, to characterize the continuous variation in wireless channels with respect to antenna position and/or orientation, we present new field-response channel models tailored for MAs, which are applicable to narrowband and wideband systems as well as far-field and near-field propagation conditions. Subsequently, we review the state-of-the-art architectures for implementing MAs and discuss their practical constraints. A general optimization framework is then formulated to fully exploit the spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) in antenna movement for performance enhancement in wireless systems. In particular, we delve into two major design issues for MA systems. First, we address the intricate antenna movement optimization problem for various communication and/or sensing systems to maximize the performance gains achievable by MAs. Second, we deal with the challenging channel acquisition issue in MA systems for reconstructing the channel mapping between arbitrary antenna positions inside the transmitter and receiver regions. Moreover, we show existing prototypes developed for MA-aided communication/sensing and the experimental results based on them. Finally, the extension of MA design to other wireless systems and its synergy with other emerging wireless technologies are discussed. We also highlight promising research directions in this area to inspire future investigatio

关键词： Antenna arrays

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Physically interacting humans regulate muscle coactivation to improve visuo-haptic perception

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Börner, Hendrik Carboni, Gerolamo Cheng, Xiaoxiao Takagi, Atsushi Hirche, Sandra Endo, Satoshi Burdet, Etienne Technical University of Munich Electrical and Computer Engineering Department München80333 Germany Department of Bioengineering Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Ntt Communication Science Laboratories 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Kanagawa Atsugi243-0198 Japan

When moving a piano or dancing tango with a partner, how should I control my arm muscles to best feel their movements and follow or guide them smoothly? Here we observe how physically connected pairs tracking a moving target with the arm modify muscle coactivation with their visual acuity and the partner's performance. They coactivate muscles to stiffen the arm when the partner's performance is worse, and relax with blurry visual feedback. Computational modelling show that this adaptive sensing property cannot be explained by movement error minimization proposed in earlier models. Instead, individuals skilfully control the arm's stiffness to guide it on the planned motion while minimizing effort and extracting useful haptic information from the partner's movement. The central nervous system regulates muscles' activation to guide motion with accurate task information from vision and haptics while minimizing the metabolic cost. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Muscle

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TAROGE-M: Antarctic High-Mountain Radio Antenna Array for Detecting Ultra-High Energy ANITA Anomalous Events 38

TAROGE-M: Antarctic High-Mountain Radio Antenna Array for De...

引用

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Wang, Shih-Hao Chen, Pisin Chen, Yaocheng Chen, Ying-Chih Choi, Taejin Ham, Young-Bae Hsu, Shih-Ying Huang, Jian-Jung Huang, MingHuey A. Jee, Geonhwa Jung, Jongil Kim, Jieun Kuo, Chung-Yun Kwon, Hyuck-Jin Lee, Changsup Leung, Chung-Hei Liu, Tsung-Che Nam, Jiwoo Shiao, Yu-Shao J. Shin, Bok-Kyun Su, Shih-Chieh Wang, Min-Zu Wang, Shih-Hao Wang, Yu-Hsin Anker, Astrid Barwick, Steven W. Besson, Dave Z. Bouma, Sjoerd Cataldo, Maddalena Gaswint, Geoffrey Glaser, Christian Hallmann, Steffen Hanson, Jordan C. Henrichs, Jakob Kleinfelder, Stuart A. Lahmann, Robert Meyers, Zachary S. Nelles, Anna Novikov, Alexander Paul, Manuel P. Pyras, Lilly Persichilli, Christopher Plaisier, Ilse Rice-Smith, Ryan Seikh, Mohammad F. H. Tatar, Joulien Welling, Christoph Zhao, Leshan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Division of Atmospheric Sciences Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Polar Science Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Department of Energy Engineering National United University Miaoli Taiwan Department of Astronomy Space Science and Geology Chungnam National University Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Department of Electrophysics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Department of applied physics National Pingtung university Pingtung900 Taiwan Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taoyuan335 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan National Nano Device Laboratories Hsinchu300 Taiwan Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Astronomy-Mathematics Building No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas LawrenceKS66045 United States DESY Zeuthen15738 Germany ECAP Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen91058 Germany Uppsala University Department of Physics and Astronomy UppsalaSE-752 37 Sweden Whittier College Department of Physics WhittierCA90602 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Resea

TAROGE-M is a radio antenna array atop ∼ 2.7 km-high Mt. Melbourne in Antarctica for detecting ultra-high energy (UHE, E > 1017 eV) air showers in near-horizontal directions. Besides the detection of cosmic rays and Earth-skimming tau neutrinos, its primary goal is to reproduce the discovery and verify the origin of so-called ANITA anomalous events, having feature of upward-going UHE air showers but cannot be explained by tau neutrinos. The detection concept takes advantages of a high altitude for a broad view toward the horizon;strong and near-vertical geomagnetic field for enhancing the radio signal;and quiet radio environment in Antarctica. Its relatively simple design and high duty cycle make it easily to be extended and thus to achieve an exposure competitive with ANITA experiments within a few years. The first TAROGE-M station operating at 180-450 MHz frequencies deployed in 2020 detected seven UHE cosmic ray events within 25.3-day livetime. The events have a mean energy of ∼ 1 EeV and an estimated flux consistent with other experiments, and validate the station as an UHE particle detector. In 2022-2023 season, the system was upgraded for a robust long-term operation, with a more detailed calibration with a drone-borne pulser. We also discuss the planned upgrade, including the implementation of interferometric trigger, which is expected to increase the cosmic ray and tau neutrino acceptances by a factor of 10 at 0.1 EeV, corresponding to a lower energy threshold by a factor of 3. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Coding-Enhanced Cooperative Jamming for Secret Communication in Fluid Antenna Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Hao Wong, Kai-Kit New, Wee Kiat Li, Guyue Ghadi, Farshad Rostami Zhu, Yongxu Jin, Shi Chae, Chan-Byoung Zhang, Yangyang The Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E7JE United Kingdom Yonsei Frontier Laboratory Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of The School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Network Technology Nanjing210096 China The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The School of Integrated Technology Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Kuang-Chi Science Limited Hong Kong

This letter investigates the secret communication problem for a fluid antenna system (FAS)-assisted wiretap channel, where the legitimate transmitter transmits an information-bearing signal to the legitimate receiver, and at the same time, transmits a jamming signal to interfere with the eavesdropper (Eve). Unlike the conventional jamming scheme, which usually transmits Gaussian noise that interferes not only with Eve but also with the legitimate receiver, in this letter, we consider that encoded codewords are transmitted to jam Eve. Then, by employing appropriate coding schemes, the legitimate receiver can successfully decode the jamming signal and then cancel the interference, while Eve cannot, even if it knows the codebooks. We aim to maximize the secrecy rate through port selection and power control. Although the problem is non-convex, we show that the optimal solution can be found. Simulation results show that by using the FAS technique and the proposed jamming scheme, the secrecy rate of the system can be significantly increased. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Jamming

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Accelerating the Optimization of Vertical Flow Assay Performance Guided by a Rational Systematic Model-Based Approach

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Tay, Dousabel M.Y. Kim, Seunghyeon Hao, Yining Yee, Emma H. Jia, Huan Vleck, Sydney M. Chilekwa, Makaya Voldman, Joel Sikes, Hadley D. Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology 1 CREATE Way Singapore138602 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Microsystems Technology Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have shown to be instrumental in healthcare and disease control. However, they have been plagued by many inefficiencies in the laborious empirical development and optimization process for the attainment of clinically relevant sensitivity. While various studies have sought to model paper-based RDTs, most have relied on continuum-based models that are not necessarily applicable to all operation regimes, and have solely focused on predicting the specific interactions between the antigen and binders. It is also unclear how the model predictions may be utilized for optimizing assay performance. Here, we propose a streamlined and simplified model-based framework, only relying on calibration with a minimal experimental dataset, for the acceleration of assay optimization. We show that our models are capable of recapitulating experimental data across different formats and antigen-binder-matrix combinations. By predicting signals due to both specific and background interactions, our facile approach enables the estimation of several pertinent assay performance metrics such as limit-of-detection, sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and difference. We believe that our proposed workflow would be a valuable addition to the toolset of any assay developer, regardless of the amount of resources they have in their arsenal, and aid assay optimization at any stage in their assay development process. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Disease control

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Applying classical control techniques to quantum systems: Entanglement versus stability margin and other limitations

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Weidner, Carrie A. Schirmer, S.G. Langbein, F.C. Jonckheere, E. The Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom The Faculty of Science & Engineering Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom The School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

Development of robust quantum control has been challenging and there are numerous obstacles to applying classical robust control to quantum system including bilinearity, marginal stability, state preparation errors, nonlinear figures of merit. The requirement of marginal stability, while not satisfied for closed quantum systems, can be satisfied for open quantum systems where Lindbladian behavior leads to non-unitary evolution, and allows for nonzero classical stability margins, but it remains difficult to extract physical insight when classical robust control tools are applied to these systems. We consider a straightforward example of the entanglement between two qubits dissipatively coupled to a lossy cavity and analyze it using the classical stability margin and structured perturbations. We attempt, where possible, to extract physical insight from these analyses. Our aim is to highlight where classical robust control can assist in the analysis of quantum systems and identify areas where more work needs to be done to develop specific methods for quantum robust control. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robust control

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Time-Domain Sensitivity of the Tracking Error

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： O'Neil, S. Schirmer, S.G. Langbein, F.C. Weidner, C.A. Jonckheere, E. the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States the Faculty of Science & Engineering Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom the School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom the Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom

A strictly time-domain formulation of the log-sensitivity of the error signal to structured plant uncertainty is presented and analyzed through simple but representative classical and quantum systems. Results demonstrate that across a wide range of physical systems, maximization of performance (minimization of the error signal) asymptotically or at a specific time comes at the cost of increased log-sensitivity, implying a time-domain constraint analogous to the frequency-domain identity S(s) + T(s) = I. While of limited value in classical problems based on asymptotic stabilization or tracking, such a time-domain formulation is valuable in assessing the reduced robustness cost concomitant with high-fidelity quantum control schemes predicated on time-based performance measures. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Extremely thin perfect absorber by generalized multipole bianisotropic effect

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Hao Evlyukhin, Andrey B. Miroshnichenko, Andrey E. Zhu, Fengjie Duan, Siyu Wu, Jingbo Zhang, Caihong Chen, Jian Jin, Biao-Bing Padilla, Willie J. Fan, Kebin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China Institute of Quantum Optics Leibniz Universität Hannover Welfengarten 1 Hannover30167 Germany School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales at Canberra Northcott Drive CanberraACT2610 Australia Duke University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DurhamNC2770 United States

Symmetry breaking plays a crucial role in understanding the fundamental physics underlying numerous physical phenomena, including the electromagnetic response in resonators, giving rise to intriguing effects such as directional light scattering, supercavity lasing, and topologically protected states. In this work, we demonstrate that adding a small fraction of lossy metal (as low as 1×10−6 in volume), to a lossless dielectric resonator breaks inversion symmetry thereby lifting its degeneracy, leading to a strong bianisotropic response. In the case of the metasurface composed of such resonators, this effect leads to unidirectional perfect absorption while maintaining nearly perfect reflection from the opposite direction. We have developed more general Onsager-Casimir relations for the polarizabilities of particle arrays, taking into account the contributions of quadrupoles, which shows that bianisotropy is not solely due to dipoles, but also involves high-order multipoles. Our experimental validation demonstrates an extremely thin terahertz-perfect absorber with a wavelength-to-thickness ratio of up to 25,000, where the material thickness is only 2% of the theoretical minimum thickness dictated by the fundamental limit. Our findings have significant implications for a variety of applications, including energy harvesting, thermal management, single-photon detection, and low-power directional emission. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Resonators

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Statistically Characterising Robustness and Fidelity of Quantum Controls and Quantum Control Algorithms

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Khalid, Irtaza Weidner, Carrie A. Jonckheere, Edmond A. Shermer, Sophie G. Langbein, Frank C. School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Departmentof Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Department of Physics Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom

Robustness of quantum operations or controls is important to build reliable quantum devices. The robustness-infidelity measure (RIMp) is introduced to statistically quantify in a single measure the robustness and fidelity of a controller as the p-th order Wasserstein distance between the fidelity distribution of the controller under any uncertainty and an ideal fidelity distribution. The RIMp is the p-th root of the p-th raw moment of the infidelity distribution. Using a metrization argument, we justify why RIM1 (the average infidelity) is a good practical robustness measure. Based on the RIMp, an algorithmic robustness-infidelity measure (ARIM) is developed to quantify the expected robustness and fidelity of controllers found by a control algorithm. The utility of the RIM and ARIM is demonstrated on energy landscape controllers of spin-12 networks subject to Hamiltonian uncertainty. The robustness and fidelity of individual controllers as well as the expected robustness and fidelity of controllers found by different popular quantum control algorithms are characterized. For algorithm comparisons, stochastic and non-stochastic optimization objectives are considered. Although high fidelity and robustness are often conflicting objectives, some high-fidelity, robust controllers can usually be found, irrespective of the choice of the quantum control algorithm. However, for noisy or stochastic optimization objectives, adaptive sequential decision-making approaches, such as reinforcement learning, have a cost advantage compared to standard control algorithms and, in contrast, the high infidelities obtained are more consistent with high RIM values for low noise levels. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Controllers

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Power of sequential protocols in hidden quantum channel discrimination

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Sugiura, Sho Dutt, Arkopal Munro, William J. Zeytinoǧlu, Sina Chuang, Isaac L. Physics and Informatics Laboratory Ntt Research Inc. 940 Stewart Dr. SunnyvaleCA94085 United States Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Co-Design Center for Quantum Advantage Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Ntt Basic Research Laboratories Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya Kanagawa Atsugi243-0198 Japan Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

In many natural and engineered systems, unknown quantum channels act on a subsystem that cannot be directly controlled and measured, but is instead learned through a controllable subsystem that weakly interacts with it. We study quantum channel discrimination (QCD) under these restrictions, which we call hidden system QCD (HQCD). We find that sequential protocols achieve perfect discrimination and saturate the Heisenberg limit. In contrast, depth-1 parallel and multi-shot protocols cannot solve HQCD. This suggests that sequential protocols are superior in experimentally realistic situations. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Communication channels (information theory)

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