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Enhancing polyethersulfone membrane durability and stability through Eco-friendly green silica from natural kaolin for water treatment applications

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Results in engineering 2025年 26卷

作者： Mulyati, Sri Muchtar, Syawaliah Razi, Fachrul Ambarita, Aulia Chintia Luthfiana, Anisa Aulia, Muhammad Prayogie Bilad, Muhammad Roil Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Doctoral Program School of Engineering Science Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai Nada Kobe647-8501 Japan Faculty of Integrated Technologies Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE1410 Brunei

Membrane technology is pivotal in addressing global water scarcity;however, issues such as membrane fouling and chemical degradation significantly hinder its operational efficiency and longevity. This study investigates the use of eco-friendly green silica derived from natural kaolin as an additive to enhance the performance of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes fabricated via the phase inversion method. Seven membrane compositions were developed, incorporating varying concentrations of both green silica and commercial silica, to allow a direct performance comparison. The membranes were systematically characterized for hydrophilicity, porosity, pore size distribution, and mechanical stability, while their filtration performance was evaluated in terms of water flux, humic acid (HA) rejection, fouling resistance, and chemical *** findings revealed that green silica enhanced membrane hydrophilicity and porosity at optimal concentrations, leading to improved fouling resistance and cleaning efficiency. Notably, the membrane containing 1 % green silica (M-K3) exhibited a high HA rejection rate of 98.37 % with a moderate water flux of 10.85 L/m²·h, balancing selectivity and permeability. In contrast, membranes containing 1 % commercial silica (M-S3) showed higher water flux (86.83 L/m²·h) but lower HA rejection (73.75 %), highlighting a trade-off. Green silica-modified membranes also demonstrated superior chemical stability, maintaining consistent performance under extended filtration and exposure to cleaning agents. These results underscore the potential of kaolin-derived green silica as a cost-effective, sustainable, and high-performance alternative to commercial additives in water treatment membranes. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Pore size

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Determining key indicators for the assessment of sustainable development in Spanish cities under a multi-criteria approach

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Cleaner Production Letters 2023年 5卷

作者： Rebolledo-Leiva, Ricardo Vásquez-Ibarra, Leonardo Feijoo, Gumersindo Moreira, María Teresa González-García, Sara CRETUS. Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain Doctoral Program in Engineering Systems Faculty of Engineering Campus Curicó. Universidad de Talca Camino a Los Niches km 1 Curicó Chile

In the second half of the 20th century, the behaviour of the world's population has undergone drastic changes: it has grown very rapidly, become longer-lived and moved preferably to urban areas. Migration of populations to cities has a special focus because it not only generates socio-economic development, but also causes different economic, social, and environmental issues. How to assess the sustainable development of cities and identify the most representative aspects of sustainability dimensions has become an essential challenge for effective planning and government policies. However, the selection of indicators has scarcely been addressed when Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used for sustainability assessment. This paper aims to identify the key indicators to determine the eco-efficient performance towards a sustainable development of a set of cities. For this purpose, the joint use of a variable selection method and a DEA model is proposed and applied to a set of 31 Spanish cities. The results obtained identified five social (population percentage at risk of poverty, number of registered gender violence cases, population density), five economic (average household income, average rental price per m², gross domestic product per capita, public/private vehicle ratio, indebtedness), and three environmental (ozone, NO₂, PM₁₀) indicators for the assessment. Moreover, 14 Spanish cities were considered non-eco-efficient, and targets to achieve eco-efficient levels were proposed. Policy makers could focus primarily on the social and economic aspects of non-eco-efficient cities, paying attention, for example, to the risk of poverty of the population, indebtedness of local governments, average rental price and NO₂ emissions. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Data envelopment analysis Sustainability indicators Sustainable cities Variable selection method

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Analog rice production using granulation, hot extrusion, and cold extrusion methods: An overview

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： Heny Kusumayanti Siswo Sumardiono Bakti Jos 1Doctoral Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Tembalang Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Tembalang Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia

Indonesia has fertile soil that enable abundant varieties of plants to grow including paddy (Oryza sativa L) which contains nutrients needed mainly by human body, i.e. milled rice contains 78.9% carbohydrate, 6.8% protein, 0.7% fat, and others of 0.6%. Paddy plants will produce paddy rice, i.e. paddy rice grains which have been separated from the husk. That peeled paddy grain is commonly called paddy rice or rice. Rice is a staple food for majority of people in Indonesia. The increase in rice production cannot actually correspond the rapidly increasing Indonesian population. Therefore, it is necessary to diversify non-rice food from other carbohydrate sources by conducting many alternative processes. This study attempted to investigate some methods to produce analog rice. Furthermore, this paper review aimed to find out the various processes of analog rice production and the best ingredient to make good quality analog rice. Analog rice is rice made of non-paddy plants, e.g. tubers, cereal, and other materials which may use granulation or extrusion (cold and hot process) methods. In granulation process, analog rice is produced in the form of granules. Starch flour and water produced by artificial rice are not in the form of grains that resembles pearl porridge. Meanwhile, extrusion is a method for producing analog oval-shaped rice which resembles paddy rice. In addition, analog rice produced from cassava flour and protein of fermented soybean cake flour using cold extrusion method. Results in the best composition with proximate analysis results of 73.53% carbohydrate, 18.97% protein, 3.19% fat, 1.87% water content, 2.44% ash content, and 0.15% food fiber. The absorption capacity of analog rice water in this study was 121.8%, and the other physical analysis was the bulk density of 0.59633%. Moreover, the time required to cook the analog rice produces was 7.1 minutes.

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Characterization and performances of hydrophobic polymer membrane modified with dragon’s blood resin

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2613卷

作者： Aulia Chintia Ambarita Sri Mulyati Nasrul Arahman Muhammad Roil Bilad 1Doctoral School of Engineering Science School of Engineering Post Graduate Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 3Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Integrated Technologies Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link-Gadong BE1401 Brunei

Hydrophobic membranes have limitations, which are the low permeation rate and susceptible to fouling, therefore membrane modifications are generally required. In this paper, hydrophobic polymer membrane modification has been studied by mixing dragon's blood resin (DBR) as bio additive. Two types of polymers were used, they were polyethersulfon (M-3 PES) and polyvinylidene Two types of polymers were used, they were polyethersulfon (M-3 PES) and polyvinylidene fluoride (M-3 PVDF) with a concentration of 14.5% polymer and 3% DBR. The results showed that M-3 PES had greater porosity, water uptake, pore size, and clean water flux than M3-PVDF. However, the antifouling performance of M-3 PVDF membrane tends to be better than M-3 PES, as well as its rejection. Both membranes tend to be stable even after repeated use.

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Characteristic of beef tallow/rice husk charcoal/plaster composite phase change materials

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. Made Astika I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya I. Ketut Gede Wirawan Akhmad Herman Yuwono I. Dewa Gede Ary Subagia 1Doctoral Study Program of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Kampus Sudirman Denpasar Bali 80234 Indonesia. 2Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali 80361 Indonesia 3Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Depok 16424 Indonesia

Composite materials are a combination of several materials to form a new material with specific properties. chemical compatibility of the constituent materials is a factor that affects the characteristics of composite materials. Currently, composite phase change materials (PCM) are commonly applied as thermal energy storage systems. This study investigated the characteristics of beef tallow/rice husk charcoal/plaster PCM composite. The weight fraction of rice husk charcoal used was 10%. To prevent leakage of beef tallow from the composite structure, the researcher used polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) to cover the tallow/RHC composite before mixing it with plaster material. As much as 30% of the tallow/RHC/PVAc composite weight fraction is integrated into the plaster. PCM composite was made by using a direct incorporation method. The FTIR test results on the PCM composites produced showed good chemical compatibility among different components. The scanning electron microscope results showed the formation of microcapsules where the rice husk charcoal and polyvinyl acetate functions as a wrapper/capsule for beef tallow. This composite is suitable for application in building walls as thermal energy storage.

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Digitizing microalgae production to support green process facing industry 4.0 era

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： Rame Rame Purwanto Purwanto Sudarno Sudarno 1Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50241 Indonesia 2Center of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology Jl. Ki Mangunsarkoro No. 6 Semarang 50241 Indonesia 3Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50275 Indonesia 4Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50275 Indonesia

The microalgae industry produces and processes microalgae such as Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella Vulgaris, and Haematococcus Pluvialis as raw materials. The product of the microalgae industry in Indonesia consists of raw materials, extract products, and retail products. The sales activity tends to rise, impacting the financial conditions of the industry in good condition. The potential of this business field is vast with open market demand so that the continuity of production and marketing of diversified products is still guaranteed. Problems and needs facing the Microalgae industry in Indonesia are the whole processes from upstream to downstream in the microalgae industry still manual. It replaced conventional methods with more efficient advanced green technologies that offer greater product quantity and low environmental impact. Literature reviews, observations in the industry, and interviews to evaluate development strategies to help the microalgae industry solves the problems in cultivation, drying techniques, standard fulfillment, and marketing by applying more efficient technology. Based on the analysis of conditions and opportunities, there are some critical aspects of microalgae industry development, namely the creation of an online monitoring application system of production pools that can be implemented in the field according to standards; construction design of encapsulation include spray drying. Moreover, a circular economy fulfills food safety standards such as halal certification, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point, and Good Manufacturing Practice standards. Additionally, improvement of qualifications and competencies of reliable marketing personnel in the manufacture of marketing tools.

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Sustainable and integrated industrial wastewater treatment as a base of green industry 4.0

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

With the fast development of the global economy and population, there has been an increase in the amount of wastewater and industrial effluents being discharged into rivers and lakes, resulting in deterioration of water quality and a reduction in the availability of freshwater resources. A comprehensive discussion of the topic of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Integrated for Sustainable Green Industry 4.0, including the difficulties and possible solutions that may be encountered along the way, is provided in this article. According to the results of this study, industrial wastewater treatment that uses online/real-time water for quality monitoring and control has shown great promise in terms of quality monitoring and control when utilizing online/real-time water. Implementing such a system in industrial wastewater treatment may offer an early warning system for poor treatment while increasing the quantity and quality of the end product, both of which are desired outcomes.

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Evaluation of thermal and spectroscopic properties of hybrid biocomposite OPW/ramie fiber for materials building

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2554卷

作者： Indra Mawardi Samsul Rizal Sri Aprilia Muhammad Faisal 1Doctoral Program School of Engineering Post Graduate Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe Lhokseumawe 24301 Indonesia 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 4Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia

Environmentally friendly and sustainable buildings encourage researchers to develop natural fiber-based building materials. This investigation was prompted by the abundance of oil palm wood and the fact that it is rarely used as a building material. This study aims to investigate the thermal and spectroscopic properties of a hybrid bio-composite based on oil palm wood as a candidate for green building materials. The hybrid composite was fabricated from oil palm wood and ramie fiber as reinforcement and tapioca starch as a matrix. Oil palm wood particles and ramie fiber were pretreated in 100°C water and NaOH solution, respectively. Hybrid biocomposite was fabricated using hotpress at constant temperature and pressure, with variations of HBC1, HBC2, HBC3 and HBC4. Evaluation of thermal properties in thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and spectroscopic was carried out. Thermogravimetric and spectroscopic analysis showed that the HBC3 sample was more stable up to the temperature 358°C and the bigger crystal size is 3.45 nm, compared to other samples. These results showed that oil palm wood-based hybrid composites have the potential to be used as green building materials.

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Sanitation and challenges in sustainable urban water management

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： D. D. Anggoro I. Sumantri Y. S. Sari H. R. Sunoko R. Bicer 1Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia 2Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50241 Indonesia 3Faculty of Theology Sakarya University Serdivan Turkey

Water and good sanitation are essential elements to support human health. Unfortunately, the fulfillment of clean water and sanitation needs has not been fully implemented in several parts of the world. Sanitation development in Indonesia refers to the Sustainable Development Goals, which in 2030 are targeted to ensure the availability and sustainable management of clean water and sanitation for all communities. The problem in this study is to determine community participation in its contribution to achieving SDGs (6) goals in the use of public toilet facilities built from local government budgets in a sustainable effort in the SANIMAS program in Bandung City West Java. The research results that have been carried out show that the use of shared toilet facilities requires participation from the community and the increasing number of residents in each urban area. Policies from the government can anticipate problems in the future, and there is a need for collaboration between the government, the private sector, and the community by paying attention to the environment both for the sustainability of water reserves from dug wells and the use of technology that can prevent river water pollution in the city, as well as the sustainability of the sanitation program for all public.

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The effect of synthesized rice husk ash to compressive strength of reactive powder concrete containing quartzite powder

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2663卷

作者： Yulius Rief Alkhaly Abdullah Husaini Muttaqin Hasan 1Doctoral Program School of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK) Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7 Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 2Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh Bukit Indah Lhokseumawe 24315 Indonesia 3Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK) Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7 Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 4Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK) Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7 Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia

The very high strength of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is possible to produce due to the availability of a pozzolanic material in the mixture and application of the packing density method to obtain the optimum density of the mixture proportions. Rice husk ash is a natural source of high silica (SiO2) with readiness in huge volumes. In this study, the RPC mixtures were produced from a fixed content of 25% silica fume of the cement weight combined with synthesized rice husk ash (SRHA) of 10%, 20%, and 30% by cement weight. Mix proportions were obtained by using the Modified Andreassen Packing Model method. This study aims to determine the width of slump flow and compressive strength under normal and steam curing of RPC with low cement content (650 kg/m3). The results demonstrated that the intermix of silica fume with synthesized rice husk ash up to 30% provides an advance on the slump flow width and compressive strength of RPC containing local quartzite powder under normal and steam curing.

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