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Communal-based domestic rainwater harvesting system: A novel approach to alternative solutions for increasing water supply and recharging groundwater in Jagakarsa urban area, South Jakarta

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Suprapti, Suprapti Kusuma, Muhammad Syahril Badri Kardhana, Hadi Cahyono, Muhammad Juliana, Imroatul Chalimah Doctoral Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Jawa Barat Bandung 40132 Indonesia Water Resources Engineering Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Jawa Barat Bandung 40132 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and Sciences Ibnu Khaldun Bogor University Jl. Sholeh Iskandar Km. 2 Jawa Barat Kota Bogor 16162 Indonesia Research Center for Ecohydrology Ecohydraulics and Engineering Science Bandung Jl. Babakan Jeruk 1 No. 100 Jawa Barat Bandung 40132 Indonesia Civil Engineering Study Program Sriwijaya University Jl. Raya Lintas Timur Palembang - Prabumulih No. Km. 32 Indralaya Indah South Sumatra Indralaya Indonesia Study Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Mercu Buana Jl. Meruya Selatan No. 01 Kembangan-Jakarta Barat Jakarta 11650 Indonesia

This study proposes a new approach, a communal-based domestic rainwater harvesting (CDRWH) system, which is a new model that combines domestic and communal rainwater harvesting systems. This model is an alternative solution to improve system performance and utilize rainwater overflow from the system. Rainwater runoff from several domestic tanks is channeled to a communal tank to be collected, processed, and redistributed to needy domestic tanks. Overflow from the communal tank is used for groundwater recharge. The CDRWH system model aims to increase water supply, reduce runoff, and conserve groundwater. The model simulation uses daily water balance analysis and yield before spillage algorithm. The simulation scenario uses variations in roof area, number of house occupants, storage tank volume, and rainfall categories: 20 years, wet year, normal year, and dry year. Jagakarsa, an urban area in South Jakarta, was selected for the CDRWH system modeling. The results showed that the CDRWH model significantly improved the performance of the volumetric reliability (VR) and time reliability (TR) systems. In addition, the model could show a comparison of total groundwater recharge (GWR) and groundwater extraction (GWE), where the GWR capacity was higher. This allows centralized rainwater management in communal tanks, thereby reducing groundwater usage. The design of this model is simple. Therefore it can be easily duplicated for application in other locations. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Communal-based domestic rainwater harvesting (CDRWH) Groundwater extraction (GWE) Groundwater recharge (GWR) Jagakarsa-South Jakarta Reduced runoff Water supply

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Design and synthesis of hydroxychloroquine-sugar conjugates as promising antimalarial agents

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Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2025年 125-126卷

作者： Emil Salim Hilkatul Ilmi Aty Widyawaruyanti Natsuhisa Oka Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas Padang 25163 Indonesia Doctoral Program at the Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Natural Product Medicine Research and Development Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60286 Indonesia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE) Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT) Institute for Advanced Study Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan

Novel hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-sugar conjugates were evaluated for their antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive ( Pf 3D7) and multi-resistant ( Pf Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum , cytotoxicity, and hydrolytic stability. HCQ-galactose conjugate with a 1,2-orthioester linkage exhibited the highest activity against Pf 3D7 (IC 50 value of 0.018 ± 0.001 μg/mL). Per- O -acetyl-β- d -glucopyranosyl-HCQ exhibited the highest activity against Pf Dd2 (IC 50 = 0.20 ± 0.02 μg/mL), while also maintaining comparable activity against Pf 3D7. Orthoester-linked conjugates were gradually hydrolyzed in human serum, resulting in HCQ release, which may contribute to their high activity. Glycosidic bond-linked conjugates showed high hydrolytic stability, retaining a certain level of activity, possibly without releasing HCQ. Toxicity assessments using the BHK21 cell line indicated significantly lower cytotoxicity for all HCQ-sugar conjugates compared to HCQ.

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Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA): Multi-variables and small samples research approach (case study: Indonesia’s Megaprojects)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2217卷

作者： Retno Wulan Damayanti Budi Hartono Andi Rahadiyan Wijaya 1Doctoral Study Program of Industrial Engineering Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia 2Industrial Engineering Study Program Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia

This paper aims to provide an overview of what a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method is, its differences with the classical methods, the principles, and the QCA types. Literature studies and Indonesia megaproject case study is used to explain the concept of the QCA method. A comprehensive discussion of this paper produces a concise description of the QCA method that has the potential to be used to study multivariable research with small sample size. This study also succeeded in formulating a framework that can be used as a guide for researchers in determining when to use the QCA method.

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Flower appearance of six Physalis ixocarpa genotype

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2353卷

作者： Diana Nurus Sholehah Sucipto Haryanto Hery Purnobasuki 1Doctoral Study Program of Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University Indonesia 3Study Program of Agroecotechnology Faculty of Agriculture University of Trunojoyo Madura Indonesia 2Departement of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University Indonesia

Physalis ixocarpa referred to as American Husk Tomato or Tomatillo was used as a vegetable and traditional medicine. It is potential for production mainly as functional foods. The objective of this study was to elucidate the development and character of flower Physalis ixocarpa genotype that expected scientific findings and valuable information for agricultural practices and conservation of plants. The study had used descriptive observational methods of flowering. The flowering stage consists of two stages. In the bud stage, the parameter observed was the first bud apperance time, the colour and size of buds and pedicels. In the blooming stage, the parameter observed was the colour and size of sepal, petal, pistil, anther and filament. The result found that each genotype had the same flower development stage. The flower character differences of each genotype included the first flower emerged time, the colour of the calyx, lateral anther, filament, and pedicels.

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Analysis of chili demand in Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2583卷

作者： Mei Tri Sundari Darsono Joko Sutrisno Ernoiz Antriyandarti 1Doctoral Program of Agriculture Science Graduate School of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Central Java - Indonesia 2Agribusiness Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Central Java - Indonesia

The increase in population that continues to increase every year and the national economic growth impacts the increase in chili demand, both from households, processing and food industries, and export needs. The price also influences the demand for chili products in the market. When chili production is abundant, the price of chili will be very low and demand will increase, but on the contrary, when chili production decreases, the price of chili will be high and demand will decrease. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence Indonesian chili demand and determine the elasticity of chili demand in Indonesia. The data used in this study is data from 2005 to 2019. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the independent variables that significantly affected the Indonesian chili demand are income per capita, garlic price, and chili export price. The price elasticity of 0.134 indicates that the demand for red chili is inelastic. Shallots and garlic are complementary goods with elasticities of -0.285 and -0.060. The income per capita elasticity is 3.115, indicating that the percentage of red chili demand will increase if income increases.

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Experimental investigation of thermal behavior in an active type solar water heater based on phase change material using solar simulator

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Muhammad Nadjib Suhanan Joko Waluyo 1Doctoral Study Program Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia 2Mechanical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Yogyakarta 55183 Indonesia 3Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia

The weakness of an outdoor solar water heater (SWH) experiments is the difficulty in determining its thermal behavior. The fluctuation of solar radiation intensity causes the supply of energy received by SWH also fluctuate. The result is that the thermal behavior of the SWH cannot be known for specific parameters. This paper aims to investigate the thermal behavior of an active type SWH containing paraffin wax using the constant heat flux method. A phase change material (PCM) inserted into the capsule. The capsules were arranged in a tank to form a heat exchanger (HE). The thermocouples were mounted both on the waterside and the PCM side. The solar simulator installed on the top of the collector, and the SHW system placed indoors. The heat flux and water flow were set at 1000 W/m2 and 2 LPM, respectively. The temperatures of water and PCM for 143 minutes charging recorded. The data obtained were used to analyze the thermal behavior of water and PCM. The results showed that the average heating rate of water and PCM was 0.227 °C/min and 0.205 °C/min, respectively. The value of this adjacent average heating rate shows that HE has functioned well in removing heat energy from water. The accumulated thermal energy produced was 13.08 MJ. Indoor experiments can reveal the thermal behavior of the SWH-PCM systems.

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Combining rating scale and FANP to determine the important weight of learning competency for students’ assessment

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1755卷

作者： Sri Andayani Sri Hartati Retantyo Wardoyo Djemari Mardapi 1Doctoral program of Computer Science Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia 2Department of Computer Science and Electrical Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia 3Study Program of Educational Research and Evaluation Graduate School Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Indonesia

Determining the important weight of learning competency is an important problem for students’ assessment in credentialing and certification decision-making. Learning competencies should have importance weight that definitely affect the final decision, and can represent strengths and weaknesses of student achievement of certain competencies. The weight of learning competency is determined based on its difficulty level, which is identified by the depth, scope and complexity of material involved in it. The dependency among learning competencies must also be considered in determining the weight. Therefore, this study aims to develop a weighting method based on combining rating scale and fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) to determine the weight of learning competency. Using the proposed method, the weight of learning competency is obtained and then can be used in calculating the final score for students’ assessment.

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Characteristic of beef tallow/rice husk charcoal/plaster composite phase change materials

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. Made Astika I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya I. Ketut Gede Wirawan Akhmad Herman Yuwono I. Dewa Gede Ary Subagia 1Doctoral Study Program of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Kampus Sudirman Denpasar Bali 80234 Indonesia. 2Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali 80361 Indonesia 3Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Depok 16424 Indonesia

Composite materials are a combination of several materials to form a new material with specific properties. Chemical compatibility of the constituent materials is a factor that affects the characteristics of composite materials. Currently, composite phase change materials (PCM) are commonly applied as thermal energy storage systems. This study investigated the characteristics of beef tallow/rice husk charcoal/plaster PCM composite. The weight fraction of rice husk charcoal used was 10%. To prevent leakage of beef tallow from the composite structure, the researcher used polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) to cover the tallow/RHC composite before mixing it with plaster material. As much as 30% of the tallow/RHC/PVAc composite weight fraction is integrated into the plaster. PCM composite was made by using a direct incorporation method. The FTIR test results on the PCM composites produced showed good chemical compatibility among different components. The scanning electron microscope results showed the formation of microcapsules where the rice husk charcoal and polyvinyl acetate functions as a wrapper/capsule for beef tallow. This composite is suitable for application in building walls as thermal energy storage.

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Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor in pilot scale for treatment of tofu industry wastewater

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2015年第1期1699卷

作者： Suparni Setyowati Rahayu Purwanto Budiyono 1Doctoral Program in Environmental Science University of Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering State Polytechnic of Semarang Semarang Indonesia 3Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

The small industry of tofu production process releases the waste water without being processed first, and the wastewater is directly discharged into water. In this study, Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor in Pilot Scale for Treatment of Tofu Industry was developed through an anaerobic process to produce biogas as one kind of environmentally friendly renewable energy which can be developed into the countryside. The purpose of this study was to examine the fundamental characteristics of organic matter elimination of industrial wastewater with small tofu effective method and utilize anaerobic active sludge with Anaerobic Sequencing Bath Reactor (ASBR) to get rural biogas as an energy source. The first factor is the amount of the active sludge concentration which functions as the decomposers of organic matter and controlling selectivity allowance to degrade organic matter. The second factor is that HRT is the average period required substrate to react with the bacteria in the Anaerobic Sequencing Bath Reactor (ASBR).The results of processing the waste of tofu production industry using ASBR reactor with active sludge additions as starter generates cumulative volume of 5814.4 mL at HRT 5 days so that in this study it is obtained the conversion 0.16 L of CH4/g COD and produce biogas containing of CH4: 81.23% and CO2: 16.12%. The wastewater treatment of tofu production using ASBR reactor is able to produce renewable energy that has economic value as well as environmentally friendly by nature.

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The investigation of influence ammonia concentration variations to the performance of a pump less ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system with water flooding evaporator

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2062卷

作者： Hendra Wijaksana I. N. S. Winaya Made Sucipta Ainul. Ghurri 1)Doctoral Study Program in Engineering Science Udayana University Kampus Jendral Sudriran Denpasar Bali-Indonesia 2)Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Udayana University Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Denpasar Bali-Indonesia

An experimental investigation of the influences ammonia concentration variation to the performances of pump less ammonia-aqua absorption refrigeration system with water flooding evaporator is described. The heat generated in generator and refrigerating effect in evaporator, cooling capacity, coefficients of performance (COP) are investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristic and influences of the ammonia concentration variation to the performance of pump less absorption refrigeration system with water flooding evaporator as a refrigeration load.. In this research, the generator temperature has been setting constant in 80°C using electric heater, the ammonia concentration in 500 ml solution would be varied in 18%, 27%, 37%, 47%, and 59%. It is concluded that heat generated in generator and refrigerating effect in evaporator decrease with increasing ammonia concentration, while the cooling capacity and COP would increase with increasing ammonia concentration. As a result, it is found that increasing the ammonia concentration would effect on increasing of cooling capacity and COP. The highest the ammonia concentration, the highest cooling capacity and COP would be resulted. The highest cooling capacity and COP resulted respectively are 0.7180 kW and 0.829 at 59% ammonia concentration.

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