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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and systems 2025年第4期145卷 467-473页

作者： Tanabe, Akifumi Harachi, Kento Yamamoto, Yusuke Muramatsu, Ayumi Nagahara, Hajime Takemura, Noriko Shimojo, Shinji Furihata, Daisuke Mizuno-Matsumoto, Yuko Graduate School of Information Science University of Hyogo 7-1-28 Minatojima Minami Chuo-ku Hyogo Kobe650-0047 Japan Department of Medical Engineering Aino University 4-5-4 Higashi-Ohda Ibaraki Osaka567-0012 Japan D3 Center The University of Osaka 2-8 Yamadaoka Osaka Suita565-0871 Japan D3 Center The University of Osaka 5-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka567-0047 Japan Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu Fukuoka Iizuka820-8502 Japan Faculty of Software and Information Technology Aomori University 2-3-1 Shachihata Aomori-shi Aomori030-0943 Japan

This research aimed to reveal the information process in the brain of the patients who suffered from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using the power spectra and timelag analysis in electroencephalogram (EEG). The patients with MCI have memory or thinking problems, and are at a great risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia. Ten patients with MCI and 13 healthy adults (non-MCI) were examined. The EEGs (122.88 seconds/subject) during a state of relaxation with the eyes closed, were analyzed using the Fourier analysis (power spectrum) and the timelag analysis. The results showed that the mean value of the power spectra in MCI was significantly higher than the mean value in non-MCI in the theta band. The mean value of the absolute timelag values (ATL) in MCI was significantly lower than the mean value in non-MCI in the frontal and left temporal areas. Our findings suggest that the features from EEG of MCI were abstracted in the theta band, and the propagation of information related to memory in brain would becoming fast in MCI. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Comparative study of feedback linearization control for IM taking into account magnetic saturation effects

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e-Prime - Advances in Electrical engineering, Electronics and Energy 2025年 12卷

作者： Es-Semyhy, Mustapha Ba-Razzouk, Abdellfattah El haroussi, Mustapha Hilali, Abdelilah Mathematics Computer and Engineering Sciences Laboratory Systems Analysis and Information Processing Team Faculty of Science and Technology Hassan 1st University Settat Morocco Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes 11201 Morocco

This study examines how the nonlinear characteristics of the magnetic core, where the magnetic material in an induction machine (IM) exhibits a nonlinear relationship between magnetizing current and resulting flux, affect the performance of control systems. In typical IM operation, these nonlinearities lead to noticeable changes in inductance values, complicating accurate flux estimation. To address this, we develop a nonlinear observer (NLO) that explicitly incorporates the effects of the magnetic core's nonlinearity for rotor flux estimation. The observer gain is designed using a Lyapunov stability framework to ensure exponential convergence of the estimation error under varying flux conditions. This approach is compared with a conventional full-order Luenberger observer (LO) that assumes a simple, linear magnetization characteristic. Within the FOC framework, two feedback linearization strategies are evaluated. The FL sat takes into account the non-linear variations in machine inductances caused by saturation, enabling a more accurate representation of IM dynamics. However, this approach is more complex to calculate because of the nonlinear terms. The FL unsat simplifies control design by neglecting the effects of magnetic saturation, thus reducing computational requirements. Despite its simplified structure, FL unsat delivers comparable performance over the nominal speed and flux operating range. The results highlight a trade-off between dynamic modeling fidelity and control accuracy, offering valuable insights for the design of controllers and observers for IM. While FL sat is well suited to scenarios requiring high accuracy and dynamic tracking, FL unsat emerges as a pragmatic alternative for applications favoring simplicity and real-time implementation. Quantitative measurements further support these results: under constant resistances, the proposed NLO achieves an absolute integral error (IAE) of 0.0133 in rotor magnetization current tracking compared to 1.0

关键词： Feedback linearization control (FLC) Induction machines (IM) Luenberger observer (LO) Magnetic saturation Nonlinear observer (NLO) Resistance variation Rotor flux estimation

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Domain adaptive FL for edge-enabled privacy-preserving MRI analysis

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 128卷 324-339页

作者： Saeed Iqbal Imran Arshad Choudhry Inam Ullah Kuljeet Kaur Bong Jun Choi Mohammad Mehedi Hassan College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology & Computer Science University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Gachon University Seongnam 13120 Republic of Korea Electrical Engineering Department École de technologie supérieure Montréal QC H3C1K3 Canada Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura 140401 Punjab India School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia

Data heterogeneity, privacy leakage challenges, the ineffectiveness of conventional collaborative learning techniques, and unresolved managing non-IID data distributions are some of the major obstacles to implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. Federated learning (FL) frameworks frequently have trouble distinguishing between privacy protection and model accuracy, especially when used for delicate medical imaging applications. This study presents a novel framework that synergizes federated learning (FL) with edge computing to address these issues while safeguarding patient privacy. Our proposed Domain Adaptive Federated (DAD) learning approach effectively mitigates both inter-client and intra-client data heterogeneity, enabling collaborative model training across diverse medical imaging modalities (MRI, CT, PET) through cross-domain adaptation. Experimental evaluations on MRI brain segmentation datasets demonstrate the superior performance of DAD compared to traditional FL methods, as evidenced by significant improvements in F1-score (96.3), sensitivity (96.0), specificity (97.1), and AUC (96.7). This enhanced accuracy and robustness in handling heterogeneous and privacy-sensitive data render DAD an ideal candidate for privacy-preserving AI in consumer healthcare. By pioneering innovative strategies for collaborative model training and data privacy, this research contributes to the emerging field of edge intelligence, paving the way for improved patient outcomes while adhering to stringent confidentiality and ethical mandates.

关键词： Multi-modal data Domain adaptive learning Federated learning Privacy preservation Domain-specific Data privacy

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Reasoning with system W and infeasible worlds

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Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 2025年 1-34页

作者： Haldimann, Jonas Beierle, Christoph Kern-Isberner, Gabriele Meyer, Thomas Knowledge-Based Systems Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science FernUniversität in Hagen Universitätsstraße 1 Hagen 58084 Germany DBAI Institute of Logic and Computation TU Wien Favoritenstraße 9–11 Wien 1040 Austria University of Cape Town and CAIR 18 University Avenue Cape Town 7700 South Africa Information Engineering Faculty of Computer Science TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 12 Dortmund 44227 Germany

System W is an inference method for conditional belief bases with some notable properties like capturing system Z while, in contrast to system Z, avoiding the drowning problem. This paper further investigates the properties of system W. We show how system W behaves with respect to postulates put forward for inference relations. We develop postulates ensuring compliance with syntax splitting for inference operators based on a full strict partial order on worlds. By observing that system W satisfies these axioms, it is proven that system W satisfies syntax splitting. We also explore how syntax splitting affects the strict partial order underlying system W and exploit this for answering certain types of queries without having to determine this strict partial order completely. However, the original definition of system W and the results above only consider inference from belief bases satisfying a strong notion of consistency. In the second part of this paper, we lift this limitation and extend system W to also cover inference from belief bases that only satisfy a weaker notion of consistency. We investigate the properties of the such extended system W. Especially, it is shown that extended system W complies with syntax splitting and retains the desireable properties of system W. Furthermore, we give an overview of the relations of extended system W to other inductive inference operators. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Conditional belief base Inductive inference operator Infeasible worlds Strongly consistent belief base Syntax splitting System W Weakly consistent belief base

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Probing Rotational Decoherence with a Trapped-Ion Planar Rotor

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第3期134卷 033601-033601页

作者： Neil Glikin Benjamin A. Stickler Ryan Tollefsen Sara Mouradian Neha Yadav Erik Urban Klaus Hornberger Hartmut Häffner Department of Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Present address: Exponent Inc. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Practice Warrenville Illinois USA. University of Duisburg-Essen Faculty of Physics Lotharstraße 1 47057 Duisburg Germany

The quantum rotor is one of the simplest model systems in quantum mechanics, but only in recent years has theoretical work revealed general fundamental scaling laws for its decoherence. For example, a superposition of orientations decoheres at a rate proportional to the sine squared of the angle between them. Here, we observe scaling laws for rotational decoherence dynamics for the first time, using a 4 μm diameter planar rotor composed of two Paul-trapped ions. We prepare the rotational motion of the ion crystal into superpositions of angular momentum with well-defined differences ranging from 1−3ℏ, and measure the rate of decoherence. We also tune the system-environment interaction strength by introducing resonant electric field noise. The observed scaling relationships for decoherence are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical work, and are directly relevant to the growing development of rotor-based quantum applications.

关键词： Trapped ions

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Explainable AI chatbots towards XAI ChatGPT: A review

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Heliyon 2025年第2期11卷 e42077页

作者： Kovari, Attila Faculty of Computer Science Institute of Digital Technology Eszterházy Károly Catholic University Eszterhazy ter 1 Eger 3300 Hungary Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaújváros Dunaújváros Hungary Tancsics M. 1/A Dunaujvaros 2400 Hungary Department of Informatics GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science John von Neumann University Izsáki u. 10 Kecskemét 6000 Hungary Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Óbuda University Bécsi street 96/B Budapest 1034 Hungary

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have had a major impact on natural language processing (NLP), even more so with the emergence of large-scale language models like ChatGPT. This paper aims to provide a critical review of explainable AI (XAI) methodologies for AI chatbots, with a particular focus on ChatGPT. Its main objectives are to investigate the applied methods that improve the explainability of AI chatbots, identify the challenges and limitations within them, and explore future research directions. Such goals emphasize the need for transparency and interpretability of AI systems to build trust with users and allow for accountability. While integrating such interdisciplinary methods, such as hybrid methods combining knowledge graphs with ChatGPT, enhancing explainability, they also highlight industry needs for explainability and user-centred design. This will be followed by a discussion of the balance between explainability and performance, then the role of human judgement, and finally the future of verifiable AI. These are the avenues through which insights can be used to guide the development of transparent, reliable and efficient AI chatbots. © 2025 The Author

关键词： AI chatbots ChatGPT Controllable AI Explainable AI (XAI) Natural language processing (NLP) Transparency

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Esc-Cafnet: A Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Network Based on Enhanced Separable Convolution and Context-Aware Fusion

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Zhao, Mengyao Tang, Chaosheng Dai, Chendi Sun, Junding Wang, Shuihua Zhang, Yudong School of Computer Science and Technology Henan Polytechnic University Henan Jiaozuo454000 China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester LeicesterLE1 7RH United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing210096 China Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

(Aim) Brain tumors pose a significant threat to human health and overall well-being. Identifying tumor locations is crucial for image-guided radiotherapy, effective treatment planning, and preventing other disorders. Nevertheless, notable difficulties exist because of (i) the diverse shapes of organs and tumor tissue structures, (ii) low contrast between adjacent organs among patients, and (iii) high imaging similarity in magnetic resonance (MR). (Method) We present an efficient ESC-CAFNet segmentation approach based on deep learning to address these issues. Our approach utilizes 3D Depth-wise separable convolution in the encoder to extract the brain tumor's volumetric feature map from MR images. Further, we introduce an Enhanced Separable Convolution Module (ESCM) that (i) focuses on significant features and (ii) reduces parameter weights of irrelevant features in the feature map. We then feed the output feature map of the encoder to the Context-Aware Fusion Module (CAFM) at the network's bottleneck. By strengthening the relationship between the query matrix and the key-value matrix at the pixel level, our approach reduces the computational complexity of self-attention from quadratic to linear calculation. Additionally, detailed feature information on the lesion is obtained through multi-scale features. Finally, Deep Supervision is employed to facilitate the learning of dense feature representations from MR *** the proposed ESC-CAFNet can accurately locate organs and refine the boundary of tumor regions. (Results) The proposed ESC-CAFNet approach achieved Dice scores of 91.01%, 80.56%, and 83.51%, and Hausdorff Distances (95th percentile) of 5.04, 4.13, 6.32 for the WT, ET, and TC based on Testing set of BRATS 2019, respectively. Meanwhile, our ESC-CAFNet achieved the best average Dice score of 85.62% in the testing set of BRATS 2020. (Conclusion) The accurate segmentation and lightweight design of our ESC-CAFNet provide valuable guidance for clinicians in di

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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ANALYTICAL APPLICATION FOR CHEMICALS USING AN ENZYME SENSOR-BASED ON AN ISFET

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 1993年第1-3期14卷 578-580页

作者： SAKAI, H KANEKI, N HARA, H Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto-cho Muroran 050 Japan

In this paper, we studied and discussed the characteristics and the application of an acetylcholine sensor based on ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) using acetylcholine esterase (A ChE) as an effective ... 详细信息

关键词： Enzyme sensors

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Principal neuronal organization in the frog optic tectum revealed by a current source density analysis

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VISUAL NEUROscience 1997年第2期14卷 263-275页

作者： Nakagawa, H Miyazaki, H Matsumoto, N [a1 ]Department of Biochemical Engineering and Science Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Iizuka Fukuoka 820 Japan

In the frog optic tectum, the spatiotemporal pattern of neuronal activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the optic tract was examined by means of a current source density (CSD) analysis. The CSD depth profile was highly reproducible in different experiments. In all seven CSD profiles, three current sinks A, B, and D were observed in the retinorecipient layers. Four out of the seven profiles show additional two sinks C and E below the retinorecipient layers. Very small and short lasting sinks related to afferent fiber activities precede sinks A and B by about 1 ms, which could be accounted for by monosynaptic delay, in the corresponding depth region. The earliest prominent sink A at the bottom of the retinorecipient layers reflects only excitatory monosynaptic activities derived from R3 and/or R4 retinal ganglion cells. The second prominent sink B in the superficial retinorecipient layer is composed partly of excitatory monosynaptic activity from medium-sized myelinated optic fibers. It may involve excitatory monosynaptic activity from unmyelinated optic fibers and further polysynaptic activity. The fourth prominent sink D in the intermediate retinorecipient layer partially reflects excitatory monosynaptic activity derived from unmyelinated optic fibers. It may also involve further polysynaptic activity. In contrast with these three sinks, the third prominent sink C and fifth sink E exclusively reflect intratectal polysynaptic activity that has not been reported in any previous CSD studies in the frog optic tectum. These sinks almost overlap spatially in the tectal layer. We also measured the intratectal resistance changes and computed inhomogeneous CSD depth profiles to show that the results from homogeneous CSD computation assuming constant conductivity are valid for our present study. Finally, we compared the present results with previously reported CSD studies on the frog optic tectum and discuss consistencies and discrepancies among these experiments.

关键词： frog optic tectum current source density analysis intratectal conductivity retinotectal connection intratectal connection

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Optics for terawatt-scale photovoltaics: review and perspectives

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Advances in Optics and Photonics 2025年第1期17卷 185-294页

作者： Jäger, Klaus Aeberhard, Urs Llado, Esther Alarcon Bläsi, Benedikt Burger, Sven Ehrler, Bruno Favre, Wilfried Fejfar, Antonín Gageot, Tristan Gordon, Ivan Helmers, Henning Höhn, Oliver Isabella, Olindo Jošt, Marko Ledinský, Martin Mandal, Jyotirmoy Manley, Phillip Muñoz, Delfina Omair, Zunaid Lizcano, Juan Camilo Ortiz Paetzold, Ulrich W. Raman, Aaswath P. Sai, Hitoshi Saive, Rebecca Schmid, Martina Yablonovitch, Eli Becker, Christiane Department Optics for Solar Energy Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Kekuléstraße 5 Berlin12489 Germany Computational Nano Optics Zuse Institute Berlin Takustraße 7 Berlin14195 Germany Fluxim AG Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 Winterthur8400 Switzerland LMPV-Sustainable Energy Materials Department AMOLF Science Park 104 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 Freiburg79100 Germany JCMwave GmbH Bolivarallee 22 Berlin14050 Germany Université Grenoble Alpes CEA LITEN Campus INES 50 avenue du Lac Léman Le Bourget-du-Lac73375 France FZU - Institute of Physics The Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 1999/2 Prague 8182 00 Czech Republic IMEC/Energyville Thor Park 8320 Genk3600 Belgium Hasselt University Martelarenlaan 42 Hasselt3500 Belgium Photovoltaic Materials and Devices Laboratory Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 Delft2628 CD Netherlands University of Freiburg Emmy-Noether-Str.2 Freiburg79110 Germany Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Ljubljana Tržaška 25 Ljubljana1000 Slovenia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University E209A Engineering Quadrangle PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Light Technology Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8568 Japan MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Inorganic Materials Science University of Twente NB Enschede7522 Netherlands University of Duisburg-Essen Forsthausweg 2 Duisburg47057 Germany Faculty 1 School of Engineering – Energy and Information Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin

In this section, we described the various device architectures in production for crystalline-silicon PV as well as the various absorber materials being used and developed for thin-film PV. We also explained why multijunction PV technology is considered the future of PV technology. We identified four major technological challenges (Fig. 1) for future mass production and deployment of PV technology in order to achieve the goal of climate neutrality and indicated how optics could help resolve these challenges. The four main challenges (Fig. 1) are: • Sustainable production of PV systems;• Higher energy conversion efficiencies;• Higher energy output and operational lifetime;• Integration of PV systems in their environment. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA). All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy conversion efficiency

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