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EFFECTS OF REFRACTIVE INDEX AND ASPECT RATIO ON THE PARTICLE IMAGES IN A LEVITATED DROPLET

Multiphase Science and Technology 2024年第1期36卷 13-26页

作者： Gatete, Eugene Kaneko, Akiko Shen, Biao University of Tsukuba Systems and Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program of Engineering Mechanics and Energy 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering of Information Engineering and Systems 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan

A technique using droplets suspended by ultrasound has attracted attention as one of the containerless processing methods. While this can avoid contamination from the container, it is known that ultrasonic levitation creates flow fields inside and outside the droplet. For more precise droplet control, it is desirable to elucidate the internal flow of the droplet, and measurements of the internal flow have been performed using the particle image velocimetry (PIV). The aim of this study is to elucidate the internal flow field behavior by solving optical problems and improving the accuracy of velocity field measurements in levitated droplets. The fluid that is to be investigated is scattered with small tracer particles and illuminated by a laser to capture the flow on a created laser sheet. The curvature distortion is successfully visualized using the PIV approach toward distortion correction using calibration methods. The curvature distortion illustration was performed based on the refractive index and aspect ratio of the simulated droplet in acrylic materials. The fluid flow, affected by droplet curvature and refractive index, has been visualized for both levitated and simulated droplets. The experimental results showed that the droplet curvature can be distorted in two types such as radial and tangential distortions and increase as the refractive index and aspect ratio increases. © 2024 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Refractive index

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Advanced TiO2/Al2O3 Bilayer ALD Coatings for Improved Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Electrodes

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第10期16卷 13029-13040页

作者： Chen, Wei-Ming Hsieh, Hsin-Yu Wu, Dong-Ze Tang, Horng-Yi Chang-Liao, Kuei-Shu Chi, Po-Wei Wu, Phillip M. Wu, Maw-Kuen Institute of Physics Academia Sinica 128 Section 2 Academia Road Taipei11529 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Tsing Hua University 128 Section 2 Academia Road Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Energy and Sustainability Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 43 Keelung Road Sec 4 Taipei10607 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Chi Nan University 1 University Road Puli Nantou545301 Taiwan College of Science National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. South Dist. Taichung City402 Taiwan

Surface modification is a highly effective strategy for addressing issues in lithium-rich layered oxide (LLO) cathodes, including phase transformation, particle cracking, oxygen gas release, and transition-metal ion dissolution. Existing single-/double-layer coating strategies face drawbacks such as poor component contact and complexity. Herein, we present the results of a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for creating a TiO2/Al2O3 bilayer on composite cathodes made of AS200 (Li1.08Ni0.34Co0.08Mn0.5O2). Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that TiO2/Al2O3-coated LLO electrodes exhibit improved discharge capacities and enhanced capacity retention compared with uncoated samples. The TAA-5/AS200 bilayer-coated electrode, in particular, demonstrates exceptional capacity retention (∼90.4%) and a specific discharge capacity of 146 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 1C within the voltage range of 2.2 to 4.6 V. The coated electrodes also show reduced voltage decay, lower surface film resistance, and improved interfacial charge transfer resistances, contributing to enhanced stability. The ALD-deposited TiO2/Al2O3 bilayer coatings exhibit promising potential for advancing the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Cathodes

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Supervised Score-Based Modeling by Gradient Boosting

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhao, Changyuan Du, Hongyang Liu, Guangyuan Niyato, Dusit College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore CNRS@CREATE 1 Create Way # 08-01 Create Tower 138602 Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Singapore

Score-based generative models can effectively learn the distribution of data by estimating the gradient of the distribution. Due to the multi-step denoising characteristic, researchers have recently considered combining score-based generative models with the gradient boosting algorithm, a multi-step supervised learning algorithm, to solve supervised learning tasks. However, existing generative model algorithms are often limited by the stochastic nature of the models and the long inference time, impacting prediction performances. Therefore, we propose a Supervised Score-based Model (SSM), which can be viewed as a gradient boosting algorithm combining score matching. We provide a theoretical analysis of learning and sampling for SSM to balance inference time and prediction accuracy. Via the ablation experiment in selected examples, we demonstrate the outstanding performances of the proposed techniques. Additionally, we compare our model with other probabilistic models, including Natural Gradient Boosting (NGboost), Classification and Regression Diffusion Models (CARD), Diffusion Boosted Trees (DBT), and non-probabilistic GBM models. The experimental results show that our model outperforms existing models in both accuracy and inference time. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Drivetrain simulation using variational autoencoders

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sharma, Pallavi Urrea-Quintero, Jorge-Humberto Bogdan, Bogdan Ciotec, Adrian-Dumitru Vasilie, Laura Wessels, Henning Skull, Matteo Porsche Engineering Etzelstraße 1 Bietigheim-Bissingen74321 Germany Graduate Program Computational Sciences in Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology Joseph-Beuys-Straße 8 Kassel34117 Germany Institute of Applied Mechanics Division Data-Driven Modeling of Mechanical Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Pockelsstraße 3 Braunschweig38106 Germany

This work proposes variational autoencoders (VAEs) to predict a vehicle’s jerk from a given torque demand, addressing the limitations of sparse real-world datasets. Specifically, we implement unconditional and conditional VAEs to generate jerk signals that integrate features from different drivetrain scenarios. The VAEs are trained on experimental data collected from two variants of a fully electric SUV, which differ in maximum torque delivery and drivetrain configuration. New meaningful jerk signals are generated within an engineering context through the interpretation of the VAE’s latent space. A performance comparison with baseline physics-based and hybrid models confirms the effectiveness of the VAEs. We show that VAEs bypass the need for exhaustive manual system parametrization while maintaining physical plausibility by conditioning data generation on specific inputs. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Analysis of reaction kinetics for thermal degradation of hemp residues

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2681卷

作者： Panuphong Mankeed Thossaporn Onsree Nakorn Tippayawong 1Graduate Program in Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand

Hemp is becoming one of the high-value economic crops in Thailand and many countries, in which it is cultivated for specific industrial applications, such as seeds, fibers, and medicinal products. After production processing, hemp hurds or residues obtained were approximately 2/3 w/w of starting raw material. They may be used as a renewable material or fuel via thermo-chemical conversion. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate thermo-chemical degradation and kinetic behaviors of hemp residues using thermogravimetry with non-isothermal conditions of 10-50 °C/min heating rates under an inert environment. From the results, it was found that hemp residues appeared to have three zones of thermal decomposition. With devolatilization, the residues were highly decomposed at temperatures between 200 and 400 °C for about 60% w/w of mass loss. By Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Kissinger free-model methods, the kinetic parameters were evaluated. The activation energies for the FWO and KAS were found to be an inverse function of conversion fractions, varying from 250 to 370 kJ/mol with the average values of 265.5 and 291.5 kJ/mol, respectively. While, for Kissinger, the activation energy was a constant of 282.3 kJ/mol.

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Advances in filler-crosslinked membranes for hydrogen fuel cells in sustainable energy generation

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International Journal of Hydrogen energy 2025年 140卷 745-776页

作者： Aminul Islam Mamun Shahriar Md. Tarekul Islam Siow Hwa Teo M. Azizur R. Khan Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap Suman C. Mohanta Ariyan Islam Rehan Adiba Islam Rasee Khadiza Tul Kubra Md. Munjur Hasan Md. Shad Salman R.M. Waliullah Md. Nazmul Hasan Md. Chanmiya Sheikh Tetsuya Uchida Mrs Eti Awual Mohammed Sohrab Hossain Hussein Znad Md. Rabiul Awual Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh College of Engineering Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh Department of Leather Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Khulna University of Engineering and Technology Khulna 9203 Bangladesh Industrial Chemistry Program Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang 43400 Malaysia Department of Chemistry School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Osaka 560-0043 Japan Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 1-1 Tsushima-naka 3-Chome Okayama 700-8530 Japan Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University GPO Box U 1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia

Fuel cell membranes can be used in various ways to achieve zero-emission transport and energy systems, which offer a promising way to power production due to their higher efficiency compared to the internal combustion engine and the eco-environment. Perfluoro sulfonic acid membranes used for proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have certain drawbacks, like higher fuel permeability and expense, lower mechanical and chemical durability, and proton conductivity under low humidity and above 80 °C temperature. Researchers have drawn their attention to the production of polymer electrolyte membranes with higher proton conductivity, thermal and chemical resilience, maximum power density, lower fuel permeability, and lower expense. For sustainable clean energy generation, a review covering the most useful features of advanced material-associated membranes would be of great benefit to all interested communities. This paper endeavors to explore several types of novel inorganic fillers and crosslinking agents, which have been incorporated into membrane matrices to design the desired properties for an advanced fuel cell system. Membrane parameters such as proton conductivity, the ability of H 2 transport, and the stability of the membrane are described. Research directions for developing fuel cell membranes are addressed based on several challenges suggested. The technological advancement of nanostructured materials for fuel cell applications is believed to significantly promote the future clean energy generation technology in practice.

关键词： Advanced materials Fuel cell Hydrogen gas generation Proton exchange membrane Polymer

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The 2020 power blackout in the brazilian state of amapá: Lessons learned and opportunities

The 2020 power blackout in the brazilian state of amapá: Le...

引用

2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America, ISGT Latin America 2021

作者： Do Prado, Josue Campos Santos, Marcos Vinicius Ramos, Lucas Feksa Canha, Luciane Neves Konzen, Gabriel School of Engineering Computer Science Washington State University VancouverWA98686 United States School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle Upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom Federal University of Rondônia Department of Electrical Engineering Porto Velho Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Division of Energy Economics and Environmental Studies Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665444217

The Brazilian state of Amapa=-notable for having 70% of its area consisting of unexplored Amazonian forests-experienced a massive power blackout in November 2020. An internal short-circuit in a transformer led to an explosion followed by a fire at the Macapa substation. This event left about 90% of the Amapa's population without power for several days in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, disrupting the lives of hundreds of thousands of people and raising concerns from several electricity sector stakeholders. This paper discusses select lessons learned from the power blackout and presents future opportunities to improve power system reliability and resilience for the grids in Amapá, and other similar Brazilian states, with a special focus on the increasingly important role of of distributed energy resources and smart grid technologies. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Outages

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B(s) → D((s∗))M decays in the presence of final-state interaction

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Panuluh, Albertus Hariwangsa Tanaka, Satoshi Umeeda, Hiroyuki Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Physics Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sanata Dharma University Paingan Maguwohardjo Sleman Yogyakarta55282 Indonesia Ibaraki prefecture Japan Center for Theoretical Physics College of Physics Jilin University Changchun130012 China China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing100190 China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

In light of the recent data for B¯(s) → D((s∗))P and B¯(s) → D(s)V decays, we perform a model-independent phenomenological analysis in the presence of quasi-elastic rescattering. With the Wilson coefficients including contributions beyond the standard model, lifetimes of B meson as well as the Bd0 −B¯d0 mixing are investigated for clarifying correlations among the observables. We show that parameter regions for quasi-elastic rescattering, the size of color-suppressed tree amplitudes and new physics are constrained due to the lifetime data. As a consequence, it is revealed that this scenario can be testable by the future LHCb measurement of width difference in Bd0 − B¯d0 mixing and semi-leptonic CP asymmetry. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Bosons

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Rapid Electronic Transport Channel of Co-P with Mo in a Heterostructure Embedded with P, N Dual Doped Porous Carbon for Electrocatalytic Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution

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ChemNanoMat 2024年第7期10卷

作者： Dey, Tapan Rajput, Anubha Jhaa, Gaurav Matsagar, Babasahab M. Chen, Norman C.-R Kumar, Nitish Salunkhe, Rahul Wu, Kevin C.-W. Chakraborty, Biswarup Dutta, Saikat Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies Amity University Noida India Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi110016 India Chemical Information Sciences Laboratory Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University Kalapet Pondicherry605014 India Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taiwan Materials Research Laboratory Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jammu India Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Chung-Li Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University No. 200 Zhongbei Rd. Zhongli Dist. Taoyuan City320 Taiwan

We developed a molybdenum (Mo)-doped cobalt (Co)-heterostructure embedded on a phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) dual-doped porous carbon which exhibits an intrinsic electronic transport channel of Co to Mo and P. The P,Mo,O−Co/PNC/NF (NF=Nickel foam) electrode offers 335 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 in OER as compared with PMA-ZIF67-NC/NF and ZIF67-NC/NF electrode with an overpotential of 357 and 373 mV respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) of overall water splitting (OWS) supports that the current density gradually increased at a cell potential of 1.6 V with a maximum of 40 mA with a corresponding cell potential of 1.79 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for water adsorption on optimized [111] surface of Co, CoMo, and CoMoP2 with adsorbed H2O and corresponding lattice determine the electron density difference of [111] surface with adsorbed H2O for Eads (eV) 4.23 corresponds to adsorption energy for CoMoP2. XANE-EXAFS spectroscopy of P,Mo,O−Co/PNC at Co K edge and Mo K edge suggests the presence of higher valence of both Cox+ and Mox+ without metallic Co and Mo and Co−P and Mo−P bonds as major structural units due to phosphidation as determined by R-space FT-EXAFS spectra. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Cobalt

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Biomass to biofuel precursor: Conversion of glucose and fructose to 5-hydroxymethyfurfural by acid hydrolysis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2681卷

作者： Nuttida Chanhom Prapaporn Prasertpong Nakorn Tippayawong 1Graduate Program in Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Pathum Thani Thailand.

Lignocellulosic biomass contains more than 60% of cellulose consisting of glucose and fructose that can be converted into synthetic fuel, called Dimethylfuran (DMF). DFM contains high energy density and research octane number, and low water solubility that is more appropriate than ethanol in terms of fuel. Production will start with the dehydration process to form 5-Hydroxymethylfural which will be converted to DMF in the following process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimum conditions for the acid hydrolysis or dehydration conversion of glucose and fructose to 5-hydroxymethyfurfural. Response surface methodology and central composite design were used to facilitate the optimization of process variables. The HCI content ranged from 1.65 to 4.95% w/w, and the reaction time ranged from 30 to 40 minutes at a constant temperature of 140 °C. The results showed that the highest conversions for both glucose and fructose to HMF of 67 and 76 % could be achieved from 3.3 % w/w of HCl concentration and the reaction time of 35 min.

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