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Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

Physical Review X 2023年第1期13卷 011048-011048页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu P. F. de Alarcón S. Akcay S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier F. Antonini S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. Brandt J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3–IEEC E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli

We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc−3 yr−1 and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc−3 yr−1, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc−3 yr−1 at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)κ with κ=2.9−1.8+1.7 for z≲1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2−0.2+0.1 to 2.0−0.3+0.3M⊙. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3−0.5+0.3 and 27.9−1.8+1.9M⊙. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60M⊙, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below χi≈0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned wi

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves Gravitational wave detection

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Analysis multiple representation skills of high school students on simple harmonic motion

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2014卷

作者： Arifian Dimas A. Suparmi Sarwanto Dewanta Arya Nugraha 1Graduate Program Sebelas Maret University Surakarta INDONESIA 2Departemen of Physics Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Surakarta INDONESIA 3Departement of Sciene Education Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret Univesity Surakarta INDONESIA 4Departemen of Physics Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Surakarta INDONESIA

Multiple representations is a form or structure to describe, represent or symbolize something of an object or process. The function of multiple representations is as a compliment, interpretation barrier, and understanding builder. This study focuses on the analysis of students’ multiple representation abilities on the concept of simple harmonic motion. The sample was taken using purposive random sampling consisting of 30 students of 10th grade, SMA Negeri 1 Sumberlawang in academic year 2016/2017. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection through giving essays and interviews that lead to the ability of multiple representations in simple harmonic concept. The results can be shown based on the percentage obtained in the graphical representation of high category 35.56%, medium category 46.75%, and low category 17.69%. On the ability of mathematical representation that is high category 47,28%, medium category 34,49%, and low category 18,23%. On the verbal representation ability of high category 39,27%, medium category 46,53%, and low category 14,2%. The results show that many students have low comprehension in multiple representation capability. Difficulties experienced by students include making graphs, finding mathematical equations from graphs, and making conclusions verbally well. We feel that training in the ability of student representation is important to learn concepts in simple harmonic motion.

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Open Data from the Third Observing Run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO

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Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 2023年第2期267卷 29-29页

作者： Abbott, R. Abe, H. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adhicary, S. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adkins, V.K. Adya, V.B. Affeldt, C. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Aguiar, O.D. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Alfaidi, R.A. Al-Jodah, A. Alléné, C. Allocca, A. Almualla, M. Altin, P.A. Amato, A. Amez-Droz, L. Amorosi, A. Anand, S. Ananyeva, A. Andersen, R. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Andia, M. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrés-Carcasona, M. Andrić, T. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Aoumi, M. Apostolatos, T. Appavuravther, E.Z. Appert, S. Apple, S.K. Arai, K. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Arène, M. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, N. Arogeti, M. Aronson, S.M. Arun, K.G. Asada, H. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Assis de Souza Melo, S. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Aubin, F. AultONeal, K. Babak, S. Badalyan, A. Badaracco, F. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bagnasco, S. Bai, Y. Baier, J.G. Baiotti, L. Baird, J. Bajpai, R. Baka, T. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Baltus, G. Banagiri, S. Banerjee, B. Bankar, D. Baral, P. Barayoga, J.C. Barber, J. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Barthelmy, S.D. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Basak, S. Basalaev, A. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bawaj, M. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Bazzan, M. Bécsy, B. Bedakihale, V.M. Beirnaert, F. Bejger, M. Bell, A.S. Benedetto, V. Beniwal, D. Benoit, W. Bentley, J.D. Ben Yaala, M. Bera, S. Berbel, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Beroiz, M. Berry, C.P.L. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bevins, N. Bhandare, R. Bhandari, A.V. Bhardwaj, U. Bhatt, R. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bianchi, A. Bilenko, I.A. Bilicki, M. Billingsley, G. Bini, S. Birnholtz, O. Biscans, S. Bischi, M. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Biswas, B. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Blair, R.M. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boër, M. Bogaert, G. Boileau, G. Boldrini, M. Bolingbroke, G.N. Bonavena, L.D. Bondarescu, R. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonilla, G.S. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Bork, R. Boschi, V. Bose, N. LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States Graduate School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Salerno Fisciano I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Napoli I-80126 Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia The Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States OzGrav Australian National University Canberra 0200 ACT Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Hannover D-30167 Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover D-30167 Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São Paulo São José dos Campos 12227-010 Brazil Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa I-56127 Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy SUPA University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom OzGrav University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 WA Australia Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3 Annecy F-74000 France Università di Napoli “Federico II” Napoli I-80126 Italy University of Minnesota Minneapolis 55455 MN United States M

The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open science Center at https://***. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Second Part of the Third Observing Run

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Physical Review X 2023年第4期13卷 041039-041039页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith S. Akcay T. Akutsu S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. Brandt J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer G. S. Cabourn Davies L. Cadonati G. Cagn LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut L

The third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) describes signals detected with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo up to the end of their third observing run. Updating the previous GWTC-2.1, we present candidate gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences during the second half of the third observing run (O3b) between 1 November 2019, 15∶00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and 27 March 2020, 17∶00 UTC. There are 35 compact binary coalescence candidates identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin pastro>0.5. Of these, 18 were previously reported as low-latency public alerts, and 17 are reported here for the first time. Based upon estimates for the component masses, our O3b candidates with pastro>0.5 are consistent with gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes or neutron-star–black-hole binaries, and we identify none from binary neutron stars. However, from the gravitational-wave data alone, we are not able to measure matter effects that distinguish whether the binary components are neutron stars or black holes. The range of inferred component masses is similar to that found with previous catalogs, but the O3b candidates include the first confident observations of neutron-star–black-hole binaries. Including the 35 candidates from O3b in addition to those from GWTC-2.1, GWTC-3 contains 90 candidates found by our analysis with pastro>0.5 across the first three observing runs. These observations of compact binary coalescences present an unprecedented view of the properties of black holes and neutron stars.

关键词： Gravitational waves

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Correction to: in-transit development of color abnormalities in turkey breast meat during winter season

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Journal of animal science and technology 2018年第1期60卷 4页

作者： Rafael H Carvalho Danielle C B Honorato Paulo D Guarnieri Adriana L Soares Mayka R Pedrão Alexandre Oba Fernanda G Paião Elza I Ida Massami Shimokomaki 1Graduate Program in Animal Science Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine Londrina State University PO Box 6001 Londrina PR CEP 86010-951 Brazil. 2Graduate Program in Food Science Department of Food Science and Technology Londrina State University Londrina PR Brazil. 3Graduate Program in Food Science Sao Paulo University Sao Paulo SP Brazil. 4Professional Master Program Paraná Federal Technological University in Londrina Campus Londrina Londrina PR Brazil.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40781-017-0157-1.].

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Problem-solving-based learning to improve students’ learning interest

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2014卷

作者： Ahmad Wafa Nizami Ali Mahmudi 1Graduate Program of Mathematics Education Yogyakarta State University Colombo Street No.1 Caturtunggal Depok Sleman Special Region of Yogyakarta 55281 INDONESIA 2Mathematics Education Department Yogyakarta State University Colombo Street No. 1 Caturtunggal Depok Sleman Special Region of Yogyakarta 55281 INDONESIA

The lack of students’ learning interest in Mathematics learning becomes one of the causes of the low student learning outcome. This research is to find out the way to improve students’ learning interest through problem-solving-based learning. There were two cycles carried out in this action research. The participants of this research were the seventh-grade students of junior high school in Yogyakarta. This research used Kemmis and Taggart spiral model as the research plan which consists of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The instruments of this research were learning-interest questionnaire, pre-test, and post-test Before giving treatment with problem-based-solving learning, a survey of student learning interest was conducted. The survey was in form of questionnaire. It was found that the students’ learning interest in high category was 0% and in medium and low category was 13,33%, 43%, and 43,33%. It can be concluded that in the pre-research, 65% of 30 students have low interest in learning Mathematics. The next step the treatment was given to student. The treatment was problem-solving-based learning in around two cycles. The first cycle consists of three meetings, and the second cycle consists of two meetings. From the result of the learning which was conducted in cycle one and cycle two, it was revealed that the development of learning interest in the first cycle was 67,5% and the second cycle was 76,53%. The results of learning achievement show that the development in the first cycle was 90% and in the second cycle was 98%, In sum, problem-learning-based learning improves students’ learning interest.

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Consumption of free sugar from beverages, snacks, and desserts for children and their mothers in Taipei

Taiwan Journal of Public Health

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Taiwan Journal of Public Health 2018年第4期37卷 420-434页

作者： Lyu, Li-Ching Lu, Ya-Ting Hsu, Kuei-Ting Yu, Chia-Chia Undergraduate and Graduate Program of Nutrition Science School of Life Science Program for Nutritional Science and Education Department of Human Development and Family Studies National Taiwan Normal University No. 162 Sec. 1 Heping E. Rd. Daan Dist. Taipei Taiwan

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify methods of calculation method of sugars, to estimate the intake, and to compare the intake of free sugar from beverages, snacks, and desserts between children and their mothers. Methods: Data from a prospective cohort included 57 and 40 mother-child pairs when children were at 6 and 9 years old, respectively. Consumption of free sugar was assessed using 24-hour recall. Free sugar was defined as processed and natural sugar in sweets and fruit juices;it was the sum of the sugars in juices, drinks, and snacks, and desserts. Quantification of free sugar was based on content listings on packaged foods and on information provided by several references. Results: The average daily intake of free sugar by 6-year-old children was 22.5±14.8g (6.4±4.3% of daily energy intake), and by 9-year-old children was 31.6±20.1g (8.0±4.6% of daily energy intake). "Tea drinks" and "breads" were the greatest sources of free sugar consumed. The consumption of free sugar and sugar in drinks was significantly higher at age 9 than at age 6 (p<0.05). The intake of sugar from drinks (r, =0.28, p<0.05) and juices (r, =0.38, p<0.01) was significantly correlated between children and their mothers, when the children were 6 years of age, but not significantly correlated at age 9. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary data on consumption of free sugar, the main food resources, and correlations between children and their mothers. Free sugar consumption increased from age 6 to 9 years, and there was strong correlation of sugar consumption between mothers and their 6-year-old children. Although the sugar consumption reported met WHO recommendations (less than 10% of daily energy intake), it still has room for improvement. © 2018 Chinese Public Health Association of Taiwan. All right reserved.

关键词： Beverages Children Cohort study Free sugar Snacks and desserts

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The profile of students’ views of nature of science (NOS) in Junior High School of Yogyakarta city

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2014卷

作者： A. Widowati S. Atun I. G. P. Suryadarma A. Wiyarsi L. A. F. Yani 1Science Education Department of Graduate Program Yogyakarta State University Indonesia 2Chemistry Education Mathematics and Natural Science Yogyakarta State University Indonesia 3Biology Education Mathematics and Natural Science Yogyakarta State University Indonesia

Scientific literacy has become a contentious issue for the science education community, and It has been the main goal of science education reform in various countries in this century. One of the vital components in science literacy is the understanding of Nature of science (NOS). This research report about the profile of junior high school students’ views of Nature of science (NoS). It was employed by descriptive survey research design. The participants were 186 students of 8th in the academic year 2017-2018. Purposive sampling techniques were performed to select the junior high school as participants. The students were from six schools that were divided into three groups depending on the favorite level of junior high school based on the interest of registrant, the input (the value of accepting new students) and the output (the value of National Examination) they had. They were divided into high, medium, and low level based on the favorite rank of school. The instrument for collecting data was questionnaire of NOS. Descriptive quantitative and inferential statistic were employed to analyses of the data. The results indicated that most of the students in junior high school in Yogyakarta had good category for attitude, very less (poor) understanding for the process, and less understanding for product aspects of NOS. There is a strong relationship between the understanding of NOS and the school favorite rank.

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Problem based learning to improve proportional reasoning of students in mathematics learning

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1868卷

作者： Misnasanti Ratna Widianti Utami Fevi Rahmawati Suwanto 1Graduate Program of Mathematics Education Yogyakarta State University Yogyakarta Indonesia

This paper reviews about the using of Problem Based Learning (PBL) to improve proportional reasoning of students in mathematics learning. Mathematics is one of the subjects at school which generally has a goal to help students preparing themselves in this growth century. To achieve the goal of mathematics learning, student’s good reasoning is needed as the base of mathematics itself. This reasoning is an ability to think through logic ideas about mathematics concept. One of reasoning mathematics ability is the proportional reasoning. Proportional reasoning is knowing the multiplicative relationship between the base ratio and the proportional situation to which it’s applied. Proportional reasoning is important to have by students in learning mathematics. Many topics within the school mathematics require knowledge and understanding of ratio and proportion, for examples problem solving and calculation activities in domains involving scale, probability, percent, rate, trigonometry, equivalence, measurement, the geometry of plane shapes, algebra are assisted through ratio and proportion knowledge. But, the mastership of proportional reasoning ability, of course, can’t be apart from teacher’s role. In learning, a teacher has to choose and apply the right model so that it can improve the proportional reasoning ability of students. One of the alternative ways which could be applied to improve proportional reasoning ability of students is by applying PBL Model. Applying PBL which based on problem indirectly has trained students to solve every problem in front of them. Thus, applying PBL can improve mathematics proportional reasoning of students in mathematics learning.

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Analysis of misconceptions of chemical bonding among tenth grade senior high school students using a two-tier test

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2021卷

作者： Annisa Fadillah Das Salirawati 1Chemistry Education Master Program Graduate School State University of Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry Education Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science State University of Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia

Chemical bonding is among the material required to be taught to tenth grade senior high school students. This topic also is directly related to other concepts concerning chemicals, such as the shape of molecules and chemical reactions that are associated with the forming or breaking of bonds in a chemical reaction. Unfortunately, chemical bonding is an abstract concept for learners to grasp and this can lead to misconceptions. Errors in understanding this concept can interfere with the learning of other interrelated concepts, so these misconceptions need to be detected in order to derive a solution. This research analyzed the percentage of learners with misconceptions of chemical bonding using a two-tier test totaling three questions. In all, 180 students participated in this study, divided into different school levels (high, medium, low) based on national test scores for chemistry in 2016. The students who participated in this study were recruited using stratified random sampling. More than 50% of learners experienced misconceptions. The level of students’ conceptual understanding of chemical bonding shows a common failure in many aspects of chemistry teaching. The highest percentage of students with misconceptions was attending the high-level school. Such misconceptions are due to the failure of many aspects, not only the teaching. Therefore, we need to try to find a solution to reduce misconceptions.

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