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The study of building inspection reliability and life cycle cost analysis in Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2482卷

作者： Paramitha Mega Putri Stefanus Adi Kristiawan Niken Silmi Surjandari 1Master Program Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia

Asset management at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta needs to be supported by a good audit system in order to maintain assets in a reliable condition, especially for buildings. The building reliability audit was carried out in terms of four criteria including safety, health, comfort, and ease (Keselamatan, Kesehatan, Kenyamanan, dan Kemudahan/4K). Similarly, the allocation of funds needed to fulfill these criteria throughout the life of the building was significant. This study aimed to analyze the reliability of the building, the level of comfort and the cost of building maintenance at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta by considering the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for the next 20 years with interest rate (i) 6%. The reliability of the building was viewed from the aspects of architecture, structure, utility and fire protection, accessibility, and layout of the building and the environment. The object of research was the 5-story Students' Dormitory Building D at UNS which was built in 2012. The results of the building reliability audit indicated the number of 87.11 (less reliable). Life Cycle Cost analysis resulted in a total cost of IDR 35,488,655,540, - with other costs consisting of Energy cost of IDR 2,084,418.740. Operation & Maintenance cost of IDR 4,295,920,818, -, and Replacement cost of IDR 1,793,880,632, -. In terms of comfort, it indicated the number of 78.99 (less reliable).

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Seismic retrofitting of existing steel structures with X-bracing

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2482卷

作者： Sri Wanto Senot Sangadji Halwan Alfisa Saifullah 1Master Program In Civil Engineering Faculty Of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia 2Civil Engineering Department Faculty Of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia

Indonesia is a country that stands at the confluence of three major plates of the earth, namely the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate, which are actively moving. The plate that greatly affects the situation around the Java region is the urging of the Indo-Australian plate towards the Eurasian plate. This situation caused the formation of many volcanoes in Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Papua, and active movement between plates often causes earthquakes in the region. Indonesia's geographical location has a high risk of earthquake impact, but the rapid development and growth of infrastructure can affect the service life of a building structure. Earthquakes are dynamic loads that can not be predicted, particularly for buildings designed with old design codes and standards, which are vulnerable to earthquake/seismic loads. To achieve satisfactory global seismic behavior, it is necessary to evaluate the existing structure and add appropriate retrofitting. This paper analyzes the retrofitting of steel structures using the X-Bracing BRB with the Pushover Analysis Method. The results of this study are presented in the form of a fragility curve that describes the probability of damage before and after retrofitting X-Bracing BRB. By knowing the overall structure in the form of a capacity curve, it is possible to evaluate the retrofitting strategy rationally.

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Backflow characteristics at Palu estuary as the impact of bed subsidence after the 2018 earthquake and Tsunami

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2643卷

作者： I. Gede Tunas Muh. Galib Ishak Rudi Herman Setiyawan Yassir Arafat 1Master of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Tadulako Jalan Soekarno-Hatta Km. 9 Palu Central Sulawesi 94117 Indonesia

The Palu River in Central Sulawesi is one of the rivers prone to flooding in Indonesia, especially in the middle and downstream segments. The intensity of flooding has also increased after the 2018 Earthquake and Tsunami due to bed subsidence around Palu Bay triggered by the earthquake. This paper intends to investigate the impact of configuration changes and bed subsidence on flow characteristics, particularly the upstream return flow associated with high tide. Hydrodynamic simulations have been performed for tracing the water level profile upstream using the HEC-RAS Package. The simulation was applied for three conditions: minimum discharge, average discharge and maximum discharge, and it established high tide levels as a condition of the downstream boundary. The high tide level is defined as the simulation boundary because high tides generally cause inundation in the estuary due to backflow during both low and high flows. The simulation results based on the geometry of the river after the 2018 earthquake and tsunami show that the backflow to the upstream of the Palu River due to high tides has been seen in all three simulation conditions. High tide has triggered the longest return flow at minimum discharge reaching nearly 3 km upstream with varying heights along the water level profile. This backflow has the potential to cause bottom silting due to reduced flow velocity.

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Bioethanol production from rice straw waste by enzyme catalyst using separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： Indra Gunawan Indro Sumantri 1Master Degree Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Prof. H. Soedharto SH Road-Tembalang Semarang-INDONESIA 50275

Bioethanol produced through hydrolysis and fermentation processes has great potential for usage as a liquid biofuel to be combined with fossil fuels. Its use and presence as an energy source does not interfere with the availability of food sources, and it has the potential as biomass to produce biofuel, in this case, bioethanol, because it contains 29.63 percent cellulose, 17.11 percent hemicellulose, and 12.17 percent lignin, all of which can be used to produce glucose via the hydrolysis process. Straw was utilized in this study for bioethanol synthesis via Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation or SHF. In the fermentation process, Saccharomyces cereviceae is used as an organism. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the catalyst used in this case, cellulolytic enzymes, specifically cellulase enzymes and a combination of cellulase cellobiose enzymes in the hydrolysis process that affects glucose production on the levels of bioethanol produced, cellulose and cellobiose enzymes are used because rice straw contains the highest concentration of lignocellulose. The results of the experiments revealed that the cellulase enzyme achieved the highest output of reducing sugar (12.70 g/L) at a concentration of 5% and an incubation duration of 72 hours, yielding 5.9% bioethanol. The cellulase cellobiose enzyme combination produced reducing sugar yield (15.21 g/L) at a ratio of 2:1 and incubation time of 72 hours and produced the highest bioethanol yield of up to 27.40 percent. Rice straw is a potential raw material for bioethanol production employing a mixture of cellulase cellobiose enzyme catalysts and can be used as a new and renewable energy source.

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Analysis the effect of moisture content of normal concrete using hammer test

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2609卷

作者： Nur Mujahadah Hariyadi Ni Nyoman Kencanawati Ngudiyono 1Master Student of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. 2Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia.

The Hammer test as one of non-destructive concrete strength test should in a non-moist structural condition to produce a high accuracy reading. Since, the strength is only taken from the concrete surface which can be affected by moisture and does not represent the overall properties of the concrete samples. For this reason, hammer test is necessary to compare between the destructive test using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM) a standard concrete strength test and Hammer test. This research used normal concrete with the concrete strength target of 20 MPa, with variations in moisture measured at 0 day, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 9 days 14 days and 21 days after removal from curing chamber, as well as the dried samples with 2 days oven to obtain low moisture. The concrete strength test includes compressive and split tensile strength using a cube sample with 15 cm size. The result shows that the compressive strength value of the Hammer test is lower than the CTM test of 12.34 MPa at 40% moisture, and the difference is higher as the moisture of the concrete surface increases. At various moisture content, the ratio of split tensile strength towards the compressive strength ranges 9.94% - 13.65%.

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Production and decolorization of lignin from industrial waste of pulp and paper based on the coagulation method using poly aluminium chloride

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2578卷

作者： Calaelma Logys Imalia Bambang Pramudono Slamet Priyanto Rosemerry Fatmawati Maureen Yudith Tiurma 1Master Degree Program in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia

Pulp and paper industrial waste or what is known as black liquor contains toxic contents, if not treated first, it can cause environmental pollution. So far, black liquor has only been used for the manufacture of biofuels and fuel for the paper industry, while 46% of lignin is the total solids in the black liquor component itself. This study aims to determine how much the percentage of decolorization of black liquor and producing lignin with bright colors using the coagulation method. The coagulant used in this study was Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) with various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) v / v. The results showed that the coagulation method proved effective in decolorizing lignin made from black liquor as raw material. The optimum condition to obtain decolorization was 90.44% using 2% PAC coagulant concentration and the total retention time of 24 hours. In addition, FTIR was used to qualitatively analyze the sludge produced during the coagulation process, and the results showed that there are several different groups in the lignin unit. The lignin obtained using the coagulation method produces a brighter brown color, is insoluble in water and odorless with a yield of 38.3%, a pH of 1.68, a purity of 54.8%, and water content and an ash content of 0.2% and 27.2%, respectively.

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Developing green manufacturing indicators for the decorative paint industry: A case study of Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2217卷

作者： Gun Nanda Tian Purnama Sawarni Hasibuan Zulfa Fitri Ikatrinasari 1Master of Industrial Engineering Program Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta Indonesia

The development of the paint industry in Indonesia is currently quite rapid which has a good impact on the Indonesian economy. On the other hand, the paint industry is also required to produce paint products that are increasingly environmentally friendly to reduce the adverse effects on the environment along the supply chain. Currently, Indonesia does not have guidance regarding green manufacturing in the paint industry. The purpose of this study is to develop green manufacturing indicators in the case of the Indonesian decorative paint industry. Determination of the basic indicators of green manufacturing adopted from OECD sustainable development toolkit 18 indicators. The selection of relevant indicators adopted at the decorative paint industry is done by using the method of Delphi. The experts who were involved in the selection process indicator green manufacturing decorative paint industry is a stakeholder who have competence and experience in the paint industry supply chain. The results showed that from the 18 initial indicators 12 indicators were agreed by experts with a minimum agreement value of 83 percent.

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Growth kinetic of Botryococcus braunii microalgae using logistic and gompertz models

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Said Hanief Laras Prasakti Yano Surya Pradana Rochim Bakti Cahyono Arief Budiman 1Master Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl Grafika Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl Grafika Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

Botryococcus braunii is one of microalgae species that has potential in many aspects such as energy, food, medical, etc, due to its high content hydrocarbon, especially lipid. To find optimum condition for harvesting the Botryococcus braunii, some mathematical models are needed to study its growth profile. In this research, there will be two growth models that will be used, namely the Logistic and Gompertz models. The cultivation was carried out in medium which consists of a distillate water inoculum ratio of 1:1 in simple flask photobioreactor. Walne medium which contained 50 % NaNO3, 10 % NaH2PO4, 22 % Na2EDTA, 0.18 % MnCl2, and 0.82 FeCl3 was utilized as nutrient. In this experiment, the measurement of microalgae density cells was done using haemacytometer. The obtained data were then fit Logistic and Gompertz model. The sum of the square of residual between the cells density data experiment and data from each of models was used to evaluate the most representative model. Based on the study, the Logistic model was found to produce a lower error for the growth rate curve of Botryococcus braunii. Growth parameters based on Logistic model for the cultivation of Botryococcus braunii consists of µmax= 0.7493/ (day) and Xmax 1.2647x104 (cells/ml), while in Gompertz model consists of cells productivity (rm)=2.907 x 104 (cells/ml day) and lag time (tL)=1 (day).

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Loan to value (LTV) ratio policy and its impact to property development

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2230卷

作者： Dyar Paramitha Ahmad Gamal Azrar Hadi 1Master Student Program Architecture Department Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia Indonesia 2Assistant Professor Architecture Department Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia Indonesia 3Lecturer Architecture Department Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia Indonesia

One of the changes in Bank Indonesia (BI) policy Number 20/8/PBI/2018 (PBI, 2018) regulates the Loan to Value (LTV) ratio for a residential property loan. This research examines changes in housing developer behavior in providing the housing products before and after the loan to value ratio (LTV) easing policy. The changes in the Bank Indonesia policy to release the loan to value ratio for the purchase of the first house with an area of more than seventy square meters is one of the government's solution to encourage the growth of housing property. This issue is due to the difficulty of the first-time home buyer in paying the down payment. The design of this research uses a case study of multiple case holistic designs and uses a qualitative analysis method. Qualitative data were obtained from in-depth interviews with nine housing developers. We found that most developers are willing to change their market segmentation to a lower segment (36 household type) than the previous ones that they have set. We concluded that the LTV ratio easing policy cannot help many developers if the macroeconomic conditions are still weak.

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Analysis of working posture on musculoskeletal disorders of vocational garment student’s in garment assembly operations practice

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2217卷

作者： Irham Aribowo Bambang Suhardi Eko Pujiyanto 1Master Program of Industrial Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A Kentingan Surakarta 57126 Indonesia 2Garment Engineering AK Tekstil Solo JL. Ki Hajar Dewantara Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

Garment assembly operation practice is one of the courses in the garment study program. It is a process of learning to sew components into apparel use a single needle sewing machine. The existing sewing machine has fix height at the table and the chair which is not base from the ergonomic aspects on working posture. Incompatibility of working posture will lead the student to obtain a variety of muscle and bone disorders. In this study, 11 students are measured of work postures by RULA scores, while the fatigue level was measured use Nordic Body Map Questionnaire. The results showed that students have complained of pain in back, buttocks, waist and nape of the neck. The RULA scores showed that there awkward work posture. It is indicated that the working posture in the garment assembly operation practice needs to change.

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