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Polypeptide Bilayer Assembly-Mediated Gene Delivery Enhances Chemotherapy in Cancer Cells

Molecular Pharmaceutics 2023年第1期20卷 680-689页

作者： Chen, Yu-Fon Wang, Zih-Hua Chen, Yi-Cheng Chang, Chien-Hsiang Zhuang, Hui-Zhong Chung, Fang-Yu Jan, Jeng-Shiung Master Program in Biomedicine National Taitung University No. 684 Section 1 Zhonghua Road Taitung 95092 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road East District Tainan 70101 Taiwan Translational Medicine Research Center Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital No. 539 Zhongxiao Road East District Chiayi 600566 Taiwan

Developing gene vectors with high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity to humans is crucial to improve gene therapy outcomes. This study set out to investigate the use of cationic polypeptide bilayer assemblies formed by coil-sheet poly(l-lysine)-block-poly(l-benzyl-cysteine) (PLL-b-PBLC) as gene vectors that present improved transfection efficiency, endosomal escape, and biocompatibility compared to PLL. The formation of the polyplexes was triggered by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic association between the cationic PLL segments and the negatively charged plasmid encoding p53, resulting in self-assembled polypeptide chains. Transfection efficiency of these polyplexes increased with increments of PLL-to-PBLC block ratios, with PLL15-b-PBLC5 bilayers exhibiting the best in vitro transfection efficiency among all, suggesting that PLL-b-PBLC bilayer assemblies are efficient in the protection and stabilization of genes. The polypeptide bilayer gene vector reversed the cisplatin sensitivity of p53-null cancer cells by increasing apoptotic signaling. Consistent with in vitro results, mouse xenograft studies revealed that PLL15-b-PBLC5/plasmid encoding p53 therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth and enhanced low-dose cisplatin treatment, while extending survival of tumor-bearing mice and avoiding significant body weight loss. This study presents a feasible gene therapy that, combined with low-dose chemotherapeutic drugs, may treat genetically resistant cancers while reducing side effects in clinical patients. © 2022 American chemical Society.

关键词： bilayer gene therapy p53 protein polypeptide self-assembly transfection

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The study of building inspection reliability and life cycle cost analysis in Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2482卷

作者： Paramitha Mega Putri Stefanus Adi Kristiawan Niken Silmi Surjandari 1Master Program Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia

Asset management at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta needs to be supported by a good audit system in order to maintain assets in a reliable condition, especially for buildings. The building reliability audit was carried out in terms of four criteria including safety, health, comfort, and ease (Keselamatan, Kesehatan, Kenyamanan, dan Kemudahan/4K). Similarly, the allocation of funds needed to fulfill these criteria throughout the life of the building was significant. This study aimed to analyze the reliability of the building, the level of comfort and the cost of building maintenance at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta by considering the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for the next 20 years with interest rate (i) 6%. The reliability of the building was viewed from the aspects of architecture, structure, utility and fire protection, accessibility, and layout of the building and the environment. The object of research was the 5-story Students' Dormitory Building D at UNS which was built in 2012. The results of the building reliability audit indicated the number of 87.11 (less reliable). Life Cycle Cost analysis resulted in a total cost of IDR 35,488,655,540, - with other costs consisting of Energy cost of IDR 2,084,418.740. Operation & Maintenance cost of IDR 4,295,920,818, -, and Replacement cost of IDR 1,793,880,632, -. In terms of comfort, it indicated the number of 78.99 (less reliable).

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Bioethanol production from rice straw waste by enzyme catalyst using separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： Indra Gunawan Indro Sumantri 1Master Degree Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Prof. H. Soedharto SH Road-Tembalang Semarang-INDONESIA 50275

Bioethanol produced through hydrolysis and fermentation processes has great potential for usage as a liquid biofuel to be combined with fossil fuels. Its use and presence as an energy source does not interfere with the availability of food sources, and it has the potential as biomass to produce biofuel, in this case, bioethanol, because it contains 29.63 percent cellulose, 17.11 percent hemicellulose, and 12.17 percent lignin, all of which can be used to produce glucose via the hydrolysis process. Straw was utilized in this study for bioethanol synthesis via Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation or SHF. In the fermentation process, Saccharomyces cereviceae is used as an organism. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the catalyst used in this case, cellulolytic enzymes, specifically cellulase enzymes and a combination of cellulase cellobiose enzymes in the hydrolysis process that affects glucose production on the levels of bioethanol produced, cellulose and cellobiose enzymes are used because rice straw contains the highest concentration of lignocellulose. The results of the experiments revealed that the cellulase enzyme achieved the highest output of reducing sugar (12.70 g/L) at a concentration of 5% and an incubation duration of 72 hours, yielding 5.9% bioethanol. The cellulase cellobiose enzyme combination produced reducing sugar yield (15.21 g/L) at a ratio of 2:1 and incubation time of 72 hours and produced the highest bioethanol yield of up to 27.40 percent. Rice straw is a potential raw material for bioethanol production employing a mixture of cellulase cellobiose enzyme catalysts and can be used as a new and renewable energy source.

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Antibacterial activities of functional groups on the benzene rings in nucleic acid nanocarriers

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Materials Today Chemistry 2024年 38卷

作者： Yang, Jing-Qin Chen, Hsueh-Ju Huang, Cheng-Rung Chen, Chang-Shi Chen, Yu-Fon Master Program in Biomedicine National Taitung University No. 684 Section 1 Zhonghua Rd. Taitung95092 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Rd. East Dist. Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National Cheng Kung University Tainan70701 Taiwan

As bacterial membrane affects drug movements and causes drug resistance, membranolytic agents have been developed to target drug-resistant strains. Natural aromatic compounds are proven to inhibit bacterial growth through the hydrophobic interaction between their functional groups and bacterial membranes. This study proposes that natural aromatic compounds crosslinked with naturally-derived nucleic acids can serve as a membranolytic agent. The study also investigates if the functional groups on the aromatic benzene rings affect the antibacterial activity. Herein, 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (HB), ethylvanillin (EV), isovanillin (IV) and syringaldehyde (SY) were crosslinked to pitaya-derived nucleic acids and then tested on their antibacterial activities. These modified nanogels (NGs), characterized to be spherical, amorphous and negatively-charged, are proven to suppress bacterial growth and cause bacterial deformation. From immunoblotting results, it's found that hydrophobic groups on the benzene rings enhanced the membranolytic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Among these NGs, DNA-EV, DNA-IV and DNA-SY NGs significantly neutralized P. aeruginosa-induced lethality in C. elegans and extended their lifespan. This study shows functional groups on benzene rings enhance antibacterial activities and provides an alternative solution to drug-resistant infections. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nanogels

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Antibacterial Activities of Functional Groups on the Benzene Rings in Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Hsueh-Ju Yang, Jing-Qin Huang, Cheng-Rung Chen, Chang-Shi Chen, Yu-Fon Master Program in Biomedicine National Taitung University No. 684 Section 1 Zhonghua Rd. Taitung95092 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Rd. East Dist. Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National Cheng Kung University Tainan70701 Taiwan

As bacterial membrane affects drug movements and causes drug resistance, membranolytic agents have been developed to target drug-resistant strains. Natural aromatic compounds are proven to inhibit bacterial growth through the hydrophobic interaction between their functional groups and bacterial membranes. This study proposes that natural aromatic compounds crosslinked with naturally-derived nucleic acids can serve as a membranolytic agent. The study also investigates if the functional groups on the aromatic benzene rings affect the antibacterial activity. Herein, 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (HB), ethylvanillin (EV), isovanillin (IV) and syringaldehyde (SY) were crosslinked to pitaya-derived nucleic acids and then tested on their antibacterial activities. These modified nanogels (NGs), characterized to be spherical, amorphous and negatively-charged, are proven to suppress bacterial growth and cause bacterial deformation. From immunoblotting results, it’s found that hydrophobic groups on the benzene rings enhanced the membranolytic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Among these NGs, DNA-EV, DNA-IV and DNA-SY NGs significantly neutralized P. aeruginosa-induced lethality in C. elegans and extended their lifespan. This study shows functional groups on benzene rings enhance antibacterial activities and provides an alternative solution to drug-resistant infections. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanogels

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Seismic retrofitting of existing steel structures with X-bracing

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2482卷

作者： Sri Wanto Senot Sangadji Halwan Alfisa Saifullah 1Master Program In Civil Engineering Faculty Of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia 2Civil Engineering Department Faculty Of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia

Indonesia is a country that stands at the confluence of three major plates of the earth, namely the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate, which are actively moving. The plate that greatly affects the situation around the Java region is the urging of the Indo-Australian plate towards the Eurasian plate. This situation caused the formation of many volcanoes in Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Papua, and active movement between plates often causes earthquakes in the region. Indonesia's geographical location has a high risk of earthquake impact, but the rapid development and growth of infrastructure can affect the service life of a building structure. Earthquakes are dynamic loads that can not be predicted, particularly for buildings designed with old design codes and standards, which are vulnerable to earthquake/seismic loads. To achieve satisfactory global seismic behavior, it is necessary to evaluate the existing structure and add appropriate retrofitting. This paper analyzes the retrofitting of steel structures using the X-Bracing BRB with the Pushover Analysis Method. The results of this study are presented in the form of a fragility curve that describes the probability of damage before and after retrofitting X-Bracing BRB. By knowing the overall structure in the form of a capacity curve, it is possible to evaluate the retrofitting strategy rationally.

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Backflow characteristics at Palu estuary as the impact of bed subsidence after the 2018 earthquake and Tsunami

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2643卷

作者： I. Gede Tunas Muh. Galib Ishak Rudi Herman Setiyawan Yassir Arafat 1Master of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Tadulako Jalan Soekarno-Hatta Km. 9 Palu Central Sulawesi 94117 Indonesia

The Palu River in Central Sulawesi is one of the rivers prone to flooding in Indonesia, especially in the middle and downstream segments. The intensity of flooding has also increased after the 2018 Earthquake and Tsunami due to bed subsidence around Palu Bay triggered by the earthquake. This paper intends to investigate the impact of configuration changes and bed subsidence on flow characteristics, particularly the upstream return flow associated with high tide. Hydrodynamic simulations have been performed for tracing the water level profile upstream using the HEC-RAS Package. The simulation was applied for three conditions: minimum discharge, average discharge and maximum discharge, and it established high tide levels as a condition of the downstream boundary. The high tide level is defined as the simulation boundary because high tides generally cause inundation in the estuary due to backflow during both low and high flows. The simulation results based on the geometry of the river after the 2018 earthquake and tsunami show that the backflow to the upstream of the Palu River due to high tides has been seen in all three simulation conditions. High tide has triggered the longest return flow at minimum discharge reaching nearly 3 km upstream with varying heights along the water level profile. This backflow has the potential to cause bottom silting due to reduced flow velocity.

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Effect of the Composition of Block Copolypeptides on Biocompatibility and Anti-Bacterial Activities Against Staphylococcus Aureus and Shigella Flexneri

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Cheng, Ying-Jung Jiang, Yi-Sheng Chen, Yu-Fon Huang, Cheng-Rung Chen, Chang-Shi Jan, Jeng-Shiung Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Rd. East Dist. Tainan70101 Taiwan Master Program in Biomedicine National Taitung University No. 684 Section 1 Zhonghua Rd. Taitung95092 Taiwan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan

The improper use of antibiotics in patients around the world increased the risk of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection and become a serious global health threat. Although many natural anti-bacterial peptides have been discovered, the low bioavailability of natural anti-bacterial peptides limited their therapeutic effect. Hence, it is necessary to develop customized synthetic anti-bacterial polypeptides. Although poly(L-Lysine) (PLL) is well known to exhibit anti-bacterial properties, the positively charged PLL reduced viability of mammalian cells by disrupting cell membrane. The tethering of hydrophobic peptide segments onto PLL might be able to not only circumvent this problem but also improve their antibacterial activity. The experimental data showed that the hydrophobic peptide segments played an important role on the biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the block polypeptides. Among them, linear and 3-armed poly(L-Lysine)-block-poly(L-Alanine) block copolypeptides showed excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri). The in vivo experiments confirmed that the polypeptides could protect Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) from bacterial infection, evidenced by the prolonged lifespan in the presence of polypeptides. Our results showed that these polypeptides could be potential candidates for treating bacterial infections. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Peptides

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Production and decolorization of lignin from industrial waste of pulp and paper based on the coagulation method using poly aluminium chloride

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2578卷

作者： Calaelma Logys Imalia Bambang Pramudono Slamet Priyanto Rosemerry Fatmawati Maureen Yudith Tiurma 1Master Degree Program in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia

Pulp and paper industrial waste or what is known as black liquor contains toxic contents, if not treated first, it can cause environmental pollution. So far, black liquor has only been used for the manufacture of biofuels and fuel for the paper industry, while 46% of lignin is the total solids in the black liquor component itself. This study aims to determine how much the percentage of decolorization of black liquor and producing lignin with bright colors using the coagulation method. The coagulant used in this study was Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) with various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) v / v. The results showed that the coagulation method proved effective in decolorizing lignin made from black liquor as raw material. The optimum condition to obtain decolorization was 90.44% using 2% PAC coagulant concentration and the total retention time of 24 hours. In addition, FTIR was used to qualitatively analyze the sludge produced during the coagulation process, and the results showed that there are several different groups in the lignin unit. The lignin obtained using the coagulation method produces a brighter brown color, is insoluble in water and odorless with a yield of 38.3%, a pH of 1.68, a purity of 54.8%, and water content and an ash content of 0.2% and 27.2%, respectively.

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Analysis the effect of moisture content of normal concrete using hammer test

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2609卷

作者： Nur Mujahadah Hariyadi Ni Nyoman Kencanawati Ngudiyono 1Master Student of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. 2Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia.

The Hammer test as one of non-destructive concrete strength test should in a non-moist structural condition to produce a high accuracy reading. Since, the strength is only taken from the concrete surface which can be affected by moisture and does not represent the overall properties of the concrete samples. For this reason, hammer test is necessary to compare between the destructive test using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM) a standard concrete strength test and Hammer test. This research used normal concrete with the concrete strength target of 20 MPa, with variations in moisture measured at 0 day, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 9 days 14 days and 21 days after removal from curing chamber, as well as the dried samples with 2 days oven to obtain low moisture. The concrete strength test includes compressive and split tensile strength using a cube sample with 15 cm size. The result shows that the compressive strength value of the Hammer test is lower than the CTM test of 12.34 MPa at 40% moisture, and the difference is higher as the moisture of the concrete surface increases. At various moisture content, the ratio of split tensile strength towards the compressive strength ranges 9.94% - 13.65%.

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