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Bioethanol production from rice straw waste by enzyme catalyst using separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： Indra Gunawan Indro Sumantri 1Master Degree Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Prof. H. Soedharto SH Road-Tembalang Semarang-INDONESIA 50275

Bioethanol produced through hydrolysis and fermentation processes has great potential for usage as a liquid biofuel to be combined with fossil fuels. Its use and presence as an energy source does not interfere with the availability of food sources, and it has the potential as biomass to produce biofuel, in this case, bioethanol, because it contains 29.63 percent cellulose, 17.11 percent hemicellulose, and 12.17 percent lignin, all of which can be used to produce glucose via the hydrolysis process. Straw was utilized in this study for bioethanol synthesis via Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation or SHF. In the fermentation process, Saccharomyces cereviceae is used as an organism. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the catalyst used in this case, cellulolytic enzymes, specifically cellulase enzymes and a combination of cellulase cellobiose enzymes in the hydrolysis process that affects glucose production on the levels of bioethanol produced, cellulose and cellobiose enzymes are used because rice straw contains the highest concentration of lignocellulose. The results of the experiments revealed that the cellulase enzyme achieved the highest output of reducing sugar (12.70 g/L) at a concentration of 5% and an incubation duration of 72 hours, yielding 5.9% bioethanol. The cellulase cellobiose enzyme combination produced reducing sugar yield (15.21 g/L) at a ratio of 2:1 and incubation time of 72 hours and produced the highest bioethanol yield of up to 27.40 percent. Rice straw is a potential raw material for bioethanol production employing a mixture of cellulase cellobiose enzyme catalysts and can be used as a new and renewable energy source.

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Hydro-char production from press-mud wastes of the sugarcane industry by hydrothermal treatment with natural zeolite addition

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2026卷

作者： Asroful Abidin Chandra Wahyu Purnomo Rochim Bakti Cahyono 1Master Program of System Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia 3Agrotechnology Innovation Center PIAT-UGM Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia

Hydrothermal treatment (HT) is a biomass conversion by thermal process that using water as solvent and reactant. This technology is superior in treating biomass with a high water content into char and liquid product. This research aims to observe the zeolite incorporation in HT as an additive material to increase the acidity for hydrolysis enhancement. The effects of temperature and zeolite addition on biochar of press-mud biomass characteristic has been observed. The temperature variation were 180, 200, and 220°C with a water-biomass ratio of 1:5 and residence time of sixty minutes. Zeolite was added as much as 20% of the sample weight. The HT char was characterized using proximate analysis, heating value, and FTIR. The solid product had a heating value from 1886.419 to 2047.559 cal/g. It is observed that temperature variation affect the caloric value, ash content, fix carbon, and energy densification, while zeolite addition increased solid yield, energy yield, and liquid product acidity.

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Design of an automatic production monitoring system on job shop manufacturing

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1931卷

作者： Hoedi Prasetyo Yohanes Sugiarto Cucuk Nur Rosyidi 1Master Study Program of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 57126 Indonesia 2Mechatronics Department Politeknik ATMI Surakarta Surakarta 57145 Indonesia

Every production process requires monitoring system, so the desired efficiency and productivity can be monitored at any time. This system is also needed in the job shop type of manufacturing which is mainly influenced by the manufacturing lead time. Processing time is one of the factors that affect the manufacturing lead time. In a conventional company, the recording of processing time is done manually by the operator on a sheet of paper. This method is prone to errors. This paper aims to overcome this problem by creating a system which is able to record and monitor the processing time automatically. The solution is realized by utilizing electric current sensor, barcode, RFID, wireless network and windows-based application. An automatic monitoring device is attached to the production machine. It is equipped with a touch screen-LCD so that the operator can use it easily. Operator identity is recorded through RFID which is embedded in his ID card. The workpiece data are collected from the database by scanning the barcode listed on its monitoring sheet. A sensor is mounted on the machine to measure the actual machining time. The system’s outputs are actual processing time and machine’s capacity information. This system is connected wirelessly to a workshop planning application belongs to the firm. Test results indicated that all functions of the system can run properly. This system successfully enables supervisors, PPIC or higher level management staffs to monitor the processing time quickly with a better accuracy.

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The use of importance and performance analysis (IPA) to evaluate effectiveness of the forward auction market agro commodities: A case study

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1931卷

作者： Dwi Ratna Wulansari Wahyudi Sutopo Muh. Hisjam 1Master Program of Industrial Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 57126 Indonesia 2Department of Industrial Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

The empowering auction market for commodities in East Java Province is one of five auction market revitalization programs conducted by the Republic of Indonesia c.q. Ministry of Trading started in 2014. One of the districts in East Java Province, namely Magetan District utilizes the commodity auction market to improve the competitiveness of their agricultural industry by shortening the supply chain. The Magetan District needs to evaluate their support for farmers or farmer groups to participate in the forward auction market (FAM). Implementation of the FAM commodities is divided into three main processes, namely pre-auction, auction, and post-auction. The auction market is organized to shorten the trading chain. Implementation of the FAM requires good planning, among Seller (namely Farmer or Farmer Group), organizer of Auction (namely Commodity Auction Company), Buyer, and Local Government (namely the farmer facilitator). This article is aimed to develop the instrument of a Performance Measurement Model Using Important and Performance Analysis (IPA) for Improving the FAM Effectiveness of Agro Commodity from Magetan District with Supply Chain Management approach. IPA is implemented at pre-auction, auction, and post-auction. The IPA model results in the diagram to decide the strategies in improving the FAM effectiveness, and then it can encourage farmers to improve welfare and realize the competitiveness of the auctioneer.

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The dynamic simulation model of soybean in Central Java to support food self sufficiency: A supply chain perspective

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1931卷

作者： Nancy Oktyajati Muh. Hisjam Wahyudi Sutopo 1Master Program of Industrial Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 57126 Indonesia 2Department of Industrial Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

Consider food become one of the basic human needs in order to survive so food sufficiency become very important. Food sufficiency of soybean commodity in Central Java still depends on imported soybean. Insufficiency of soybean because of there is much gap between local soybean productions and its demand. In the year 2016 the shortage of supply soybean commodity as much 68.79%. Soybean is an important and strategic commodity after rice and corn. The increasing consumption of soybean is related to increasing population, increasing incomes, changing of healthy life style. The aims of this study are to determine the soybean dynamic model based on supply chain perspective, define the proper price of local soybean to trigger increasing of local production, and to define the alternative solution to support food self sufficiency. This study will capture the real condition into dynamics model, then simulate a series of scenario into a computer program to obtain the best results. This study will be conducted the following first scenario with government intervention policy and second without government intervention policy. The best solution of the alternative can be used as government consideration for governmental policy. The results of the propose scenarios showed that self sufficiency on soybean can be achieved after the next 20 years by increasing planting area 4% and land productivity 1% per year.

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Factors affecting trip generation of motorcyclist for the purpose of non-mandatory activities

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Renni Anggraini Sugiarto Sugiarto Heru Pramanda 1Master of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh Indonesia 2Department of Civil Engineering Syiah Kuala University Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 3Student Master of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh Indonesia

The inadequate facilities and limited access to public transport reflect many people using private vehicles, in particular, motorcycle. The motorcycle is most widely used in Indonesia, recently, including Aceh Province. As a result, the number of motorcycle ownership is increasing significantly. The increasing number of motorcycles leads to complex traffic problems. Several factors tend to affect the trip generation of the motorcyclist, i.e., the social demographics of individuals and families, accessibility, etc. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of motorcyclists for non-mandatory activities, i.e. activities other than to work and school. It also aims to determine the dominant factors that affect their trips through trip generation models. The required data consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data consists of a home interview survey that collects individual’s daily trips. It is conducted by distributing the questionnaires to 400 families residing in Lhokseumawe City. Modeling the trip generation of the motorcyclist is done by multiple linear regression analysis. Parameters calibration uses OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method. The results showed that the dominant variables that affect the trip generation of motorcyclist for non-mandatory activities are license ownership, housewife, school-age children, middle-income household, and lower education level. It can be concluded that some factors affecting trip generation to non-work activities were female motorcyclists from the middle-income household with lower education level. As their status is mostly as the housewife, escorting children to non-school activities seems to the mother’s task, instead of the father. It is clear that, most female ride motorcycle for doing household tasks. However, it should be noted that the use of the motorcycle in long-term does not suit for sustainable transportation.

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Production and decolorization of lignin from industrial waste of pulp and paper based on the coagulation method using poly aluminium chloride

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2578卷

作者： Calaelma Logys Imalia Bambang Pramudono Slamet Priyanto Rosemerry Fatmawati Maureen Yudith Tiurma 1Master Degree Program in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia

Pulp and paper industrial waste or what is known as black liquor contains toxic contents, if not treated first, it can cause environmental pollution. So far, black liquor has only been used for the manufacture of biofuels and fuel for the paper industry, while 46% of lignin is the total solids in the black liquor component itself. This study aims to determine how much the percentage of decolorization of black liquor and producing lignin with bright colors using the coagulation method. The coagulant used in this study was Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) with various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) v / v. The results showed that the coagulation method proved effective in decolorizing lignin made from black liquor as raw material. The optimum condition to obtain decolorization was 90.44% using 2% PAC coagulant concentration and the total retention time of 24 hours. In addition, FTIR was used to qualitatively analyze the sludge produced during the coagulation process, and the results showed that there are several different groups in the lignin unit. The lignin obtained using the coagulation method produces a brighter brown color, is insoluble in water and odorless with a yield of 38.3%, a pH of 1.68, a purity of 54.8%, and water content and an ash content of 0.2% and 27.2%, respectively.

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Analysis the effect of moisture content of normal concrete using hammer test

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2609卷

作者： Nur Mujahadah Hariyadi Ni Nyoman Kencanawati Ngudiyono 1Master Student of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. 2Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia.

The Hammer test as one of non-destructive concrete strength test should in a non-moist structural condition to produce a high accuracy reading. Since, the strength is only taken from the concrete surface which can be affected by moisture and does not represent the overall properties of the concrete samples. For this reason, hammer test is necessary to compare between the destructive test using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM) a standard concrete strength test and Hammer test. This research used normal concrete with the concrete strength target of 20 MPa, with variations in moisture measured at 0 day, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 9 days 14 days and 21 days after removal from curing chamber, as well as the dried samples with 2 days oven to obtain low moisture. The concrete strength test includes compressive and split tensile strength using a cube sample with 15 cm size. The result shows that the compressive strength value of the Hammer test is lower than the CTM test of 12.34 MPa at 40% moisture, and the difference is higher as the moisture of the concrete surface increases. At various moisture content, the ratio of split tensile strength towards the compressive strength ranges 9.94% - 13.65%.

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An application of LOTEM around salt dome near Houston, Texas

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1861卷

作者： Andri Yadi Paembonan Rungroj Arjwech Sofia Davydycheva Maxim Smirnov Kurt M. Strack 1Master Program of Geotechnology Khon Kaen University Thailand 3KMS Technologies USA 2Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Luleå University of Technology Sweden

A salt dome is an important large geologic structure for hydrocarbon exploration. It may seal a porous reservoir of rocks that form petroleum reservoirs. Several techniques such as seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic including magnetotelluric have successfully yielded salt dome interpretation. Seismic has difficulties seeing through the salt because the seismic energy gets trapped by the salt due to its high velocity. Gravity and electromagnetics are more ideal methods. Long Offset Transient Electromagnetic (LOTEM) and Focused Source Electromagnetic (FSEM) were tested over a salt dome near Houston, Texas. LOTEM data were recorded at several stations with varying offset, and the FSEM tests were also made at some receiver locations near a suspected salt overhang. The data were processed using KMS’s processing software: First, for assurance, including calibration and header checking; then transmitter and receiver data are merged and microseismic data is separated; Finally, data analysis and processing follows. LOTEM processing leads to inversion or in the FSEM case 3D modeling. Various 3D models verify the sensitivity under the salt dome. In addition, the processing was conducted pre-stack, stack, and post-stack. After pre-stacking, the noise was reduced, but showed the ringing effect due to a low-pass filter. Stacking and post-stacking with applying recursive average could reduce the Gibbs effect and produce smooth data.

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Growth kinetic of Botryococcus braunii microalgae using logistic and gompertz models

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Said Hanief Laras Prasakti Yano Surya Pradana Rochim Bakti Cahyono Arief Budiman 1Master Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl Grafika Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl Grafika Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

Botryococcus braunii is one of microalgae species that has potential in many aspects such as energy, food, medical, etc, due to its high content hydrocarbon, especially lipid. To find optimum condition for harvesting the Botryococcus braunii, some mathematical models are needed to study its growth profile. In this research, there will be two growth models that will be used, namely the Logistic and Gompertz models. The cultivation was carried out in medium which consists of a distillate water inoculum ratio of 1:1 in simple flask photobioreactor. Walne medium which contained 50 % NaNO3, 10 % NaH2PO4, 22 % Na2EDTA, 0.18 % MnCl2, and 0.82 FeCl3 was utilized as nutrient. In this experiment, the measurement of microalgae density cells was done using haemacytometer. The obtained data were then fit Logistic and Gompertz model. The sum of the square of residual between the cells density data experiment and data from each of models was used to evaluate the most representative model. Based on the study, the Logistic model was found to produce a lower error for the growth rate curve of Botryococcus braunii. Growth parameters based on Logistic model for the cultivation of Botryococcus braunii consists of µmax= 0.7493/ (day) and Xmax 1.2647x104 (cells/ml), while in Gompertz model consists of cells productivity (rm)=2.907 x 104 (cells/ml day) and lag time (tL)=1 (day).

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