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Pyrolytic thermal decomposition behavior and kinetic parameters of Tetraselmis chuii microalgae

AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2255卷

作者： Aloon Eko Widiono Sukarni Sukarni Retno Wulandari Ardianto Prasetiyo Heru Suryanto Uun Yanuhar 1Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School State University of Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 East Java Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia 3Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy State University of Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia 4Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Water Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences University of Brawijaya Malang 65145 Indonesia

The pyrolysis characteristic of the Tetraselmis chuii microalgae has been investigated through a thermogravimetric device. This experiment was carried out on 10 °C/min heating rate with 50 ml/min continuous nitrogen flow rate and 25-900°C temperature range. The results verified that four stages degradation processes were encountered during Tetraselmis chuii pyrolysis. During the pyrolysis process, the active region of volatile release occurs in two different stages. Degradation of carbohydrates and proteins take place in stage 2, whereas lipids are decomposed in stage 3. Analysis of kinetics parameters includes Ea (activation energy), A (pre-exponential factor), and n (reaction order) yielded the respective values of 70.68 kJ/mol, 1.72/minute, 1.22 and 223.25 kJ/mol, 11.43/minute, 2.44.

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Investigation on kinetic parameters during combustion of Tetraselmis chuii microalgae under thermogravimetric analyzer

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2255卷

作者： Ardianto Prasetiyo Sukarni Sukarni Retno Wulandari Aloon Eko Widiono Heru Suryanto Uun Yanuhar 1Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School State University of Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 East Java Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia 3Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy State University of Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia 4Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Water Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences University of Brawijaya Malang 65145 Indonesia

The investigation on combustion characteristic and kinetic parameters of Tetraselmis chuii microalgae was carried out under thermogravimetric analyzer. The sample of microalgae has prepared by the Center for Brackish Water Aquaculture (BBPBAP) Jepara, Indonesia. The drying out the water content in the sediment was performed by an oven at temperature 80 °C as long as 24 h. The dry sample then the crushed and followed by sieving to be mesh size of 60. The thermal decomposition of Tetraselmis chuii microalgae was investigated by a thermogravimetric apparatus, in which the 10 mg of sample was heated up in the temperatures range of 25-900 °C with an atmospheric airflow rate of 50 mL/min and a heating rate of 15 °C/min. The mass loss during temperature expansion was recorded by a computer to be a thermogravimetric (TG) graph and used to evaluate the thermal characteristic of the sample. The kinetic parameters were evaluated in the active combustion zone by the Arrhenius method, resulted in the respective values of reaction order (n), logarithmic frequency factor (log A), and activation energy (E) were 1.24, 9.0 min−1 and 101.05 kJ mol−1 for stage II, and 2.38, 33.31 min−1 and 502.88 kJ mol−1 for stage IV.

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The effect of ZnO addition against crystallinity and water absorption capacity of biofoam based cassava starch reinforced bacterial cellulose

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2120卷

作者： Moh. Astono Basuki Heru Suryanto Aisyah Larasati Poppy Puspitasari Mujiono 1Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang East Java Indonesia 2Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy Universitas Negeri Malang. Jl. Semarang 5 Malang East Java Indonesia 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang. Jl. Semarang 5 Malang East Java Indonesia 4Department of Industrial Technology Universitas Negeri Malang. Jl. Semarang 5 Malang East Java Indonesia

Polystyrene is one type of plastic that is hard to be degraded, because of that, it requires an alternative to reduce polystyrene waste through biofoam. Biofoam which is made of starch is reinforced with bacterial cellulose that has high hydrophilic properties. This study aims to know the effect of ZnO addition to crystallinity and water absorption capacity of biofoam based cassava starch reinforced bacterial cellulose. The method used experimental design. Synthesis of biofoam was conducted using baking process method with varied the ZnO content in the biofoam were 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%. The resulted samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and water absorption test to determine the effect of ZnO concentration. The results showed that the addition of ZnO variation into biofoam caused the change in diffraction position and intensity. The control variation (0% ZnO) had the highest diffraction peak at the position of 20.88°2θ with an intensity of 68.65 counts, crystallite size of 20.795 nm. After adding ZnO variation of 3%, 6%, 9%, diffraction position and intensity change to be 36.31°2θ and 276.29 counts, 36.26°2θ and 558.81 counts, and 36.31°2θ and 725.78 counts, respectively. The addition of ZnO into biofoam composite decreased water absorption up to 33% compared than the control sample, and the lowest optimum absorption resulted in ZnO concentration of 9% with water absorption value of 0.164 (gH2O/g).

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The design of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) photobioreactor as a façade bus shelter building in Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Arbye S. Retno Fitri Arianti Yano Surya Pradana Eko Agus Suyono Mochamad Donny Koerniawan Lucia Tri Suwanti Ulfah Juniarti Siregar Arief Budiman 1Master Program of System Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika 2 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 3Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 4Department of Architecture School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 West Java Indonesia 5Department of Veterinary Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo Kampus C Unair Surabaya 60115 East Java Indonesia 6Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Lingkar Akademik Dramaga Bogor 16680 West Java Indonesia

The purpose of microalgae cultivation generally divided into several categories, such as a resource of renewable energy, superfood, feed, pharmaceutical, CO2 sequestration, and O2 production. Recent research about microalgae cultivation on photobioreactors has the potential to be integrated into the building as a façade. The first building integrated with microalgae façade photobioreactor already applied in BIQ House Germany. However, research on the microalgae façade photobioreactors in Indonesia is still limited. This research design and apply a microalgae photobioreactor façade with an online monitoring system for the temperature and light intensity parameters on the bus shelter building in Indonesia on a prototype scale. The dimension of the prototype is 80 cm x 25 cm x 40 cm, with a total cultivation capacity is 10 litres. The material of the microalgae façade photobioreactor is a 3 mm glass and mounted on aluminium and wood frame. The results of this study showed the microalgae façade photobioreactor had an excellent performance from the growth rate of microalgae cells (Chlorella sp.) viewpoint and its function in decreasing the room temperature at the bus shelter.

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PRELUDE TO BATTLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1971年第1期83卷 67-&页

作者： WILSON, TB USN (RET) COMMANDER T. B. WILSON JR. USN (RET) served as an enlisted man aboard USS SPROSTON (DD 577) and other Destroyer Forces Atlantic Fleet ships prior to his entrance into the U.S. Naval Academy in 1944. After graduating in 1948 he served on PHIBPAC ships until 1951 when he entered Webb Institute of Naval Architecture. He graduated from Webb with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Marine Engineering and a Master of Science Degree in Naval Architecture in 1953. He has served as Planning and Design Officer for the Supervisor of Shipbuilding in Jacksonville Florida was Assistant Material Officer on the Staff Commander Mine Forces U.S. Pacific Fleet and as Docking Officer and Ship Superintendent Long Beach Naval Shipyard. He then served in the Engineering Department of the USS RANDOLPH (CVS 15) after which he reported to the Bureau of Ships where he worked as Aircraft Carrier Project Officer in the Contract Design Division. He was Industrial Officer at the David Taylor Model Basin prior to assuming duties as Fleet Maintenance Officer Staff Commander in Chief U.S. Naval Forces Europe. Prior to retiring on 1 January 1969 he served as Repair Officer U.S. Naval Support Activity Saigon. Since retirement he has been Manager of System Engineering and Senior Member of the Technical Staff for the LHA Program at Litton's Advanced Marine Technology Group and is currently Manager Engineering Design with HARCO Engineering the design division of Harbor Boat Building Company Terminal Island California.

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Growth kinetic of Chlorella sp. microalgae at flate plate photobioreactor

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Retno Fitri Arianti Arbye S. Yano Surya Pradana Eko Agus Suyono Mochamad Donny Koerniawan Lucia Tri Suwanti Ulfah Juniarti Siregar Arief Budiman 1Master Program of System Engineering Universitas Gad}ah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gad}ah Mada Jl. Grafika 2 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 3Faculty of Biology Universitas Gad}ah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 4Department of Architecture School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 West Java Indonesia 5Department of Veterinary Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyore}o Kampus C Unair Surabaya 60115 East Java Indonesia 6Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Lingkar Akademik Dramaga Bogor 16680 West Java Indonesia

Chlorella sp. microalgae are often cultivated for various purposes such as medicines, cosmetics, and alternative energy such as biodiesel, bio-crude oil. Different concentrations of nutrients in culture medium can give different effect on population growth and essential content of Chlorella sp. One of them is the concentration of nitrate and phosphate. In order to increase the biomass produced, it is necessary to enhance its growth with another medium that that are cheaper and easier. Urea and TSP was used as source of nitrogen and phosphate element in various ratio for the cultivation at flat plate photobioreactor. Among the process conditions tried, cultivation using urea and TSP fertilizer medium in ratio 2:1 (C1) was considered as the optimum composition that resulted in highest cell density, 4.28 × 107 cells/mL. Then, medium in ratio 4:1 (C2) which was 3.10 × 107 cells/mL and the lowest cell density found in ratio medium 6:1 (C3) which was 1.65 × 107 cells/mL. Medium with low nitrogen content had the highest cell density. The temperature culture during cultivation was in the range of 25 - 26 oC and pH value was in the range of 8.3 - 87. Temperature and pH culture during cultivation are still in optimal conditions for the growth of Chlorella sp.

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Aggregation of two-dimensional composite grains due to self-gravitation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2219卷

作者： S. Viridi F. F. Florena F. Faizal A. Suroso Nurhasan Y. Bindar 1Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 2Master Program in Physics Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 3Nanotechnology and Graphene Research Center Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang 45363 Indonesia 4Theoretical High Energy Physics Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 5Physics of Earth and Complex Systems Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 6Energy and Processing System of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

Binding force in the form of spring force binds two adjacent spherical grains and based on this interaction various structures of composite particles can be constructed. In this work only composite particles up to N = 4 are discussed, where N is number of spherical grains in a composite particle, and the forms are limited to the two-dimensional cases only. There is only one structure of composite particle for each value of N for 1 < N ≤ 2. For N = 3 there are five structures and for N = 4 there are fifteen structures. Between spherical grains from different composite particles only two types of force are considered. The first is a long-range attractive force in the form of gravitation force and the last is a short-range repulsion force in the form of normal force. The first type of force will help the aggregation process, while the second will prevent two spherical grains to collapse into a single grain due to the first. It is observed that the time required to produce the compact aggregate or T is dependent on N, where larger N makes larger T.

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RESULTS OF FDL CONTRACT DEFINITION

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Naval Engineers Journal 1967年第5期79卷 819-825页

作者： SONENSHEIN, N. U. S. NAVY THE AUTHOR: is a graduate of the United States Naval Academy Class of 1938. His graduate work has included instruction in Naval Construction and Marine Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology leading to a Master of Science degree in 1944 and the Advanced Management Program at the Harvard Graduate School of Business in 1964. As an Engineering Duty Officer he has served in various Naval commands including the Mare Island Naval Shipyard the New York Naval Shipyard and as Fleet and Force Maintenance Officer on the staffs of Commander in Chief and Commander Service Force U.S. Pacific Fleet. Within the Naval Ship System Command formerly the Bureau of Ships his duties have included Director of the Facilities Division Head of the Hull Design Branch Director of the Ship Design Division and Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Ships for Design Shipbuilding and Fleet Maintenance. He is a member of Sigma Xi ASNE and SNAME. From October 1965 to 31 July 1967 he served as Project Manager Fast Deployment Logistic Ship Project. As of 1 August 1967 he has assumed the duties of Deputy Chief of Naval Material for Logistic Support.

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THE MAINTENANCE engineering ANALYSIS, A VITAL LINK BETWEEN THE DESIGN ENGINEER AND FLEET SUPPORT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1974年第1期86卷 84-94页

作者： MARCUCILLI, T.J. HENDRICKSON, M.L. Mr. Theodore J. Marcucilli received his Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from New York University in 1954. He joined the then Bureau of Ships in the Internal Combustion Engines Branch later to be merged with the Gas Turbine Branch. He progressed through positions of increasing responsibility in the areas of RDT&E Acoustics Shock and Vibration and by June 1962 was in charge of the Machinery Division's efforts in support of Project SEAHAWK an advanced design ASW destroyer. In September 1963 he was designated as Project Manager for the Pressure Fired Boiler Program for seventeen DE's (1040 C1 DEG-1 C1 and AGDE-1). This assignment was the first known application of the Project Management concept in the Bureau of Ships. In June 1966 he was placed in charge of the Plans Policies and Procedures Branch in the Naval Ship Engineering Center and was responsible for the formulation and implementation of Acquisition Management policy and procedures. The following November he was appointed Branch Head for Propulsion Electrical and Auxiliaries Systems in the LHA Project (PMS 377) and has remained with the project from the pre-concept formulation phase through the current building period in the development and production phase. Mr. Marshall L. Hendrickson received his Bachelor's degree in Commerce from the University of Maryland and is presently enrolled in a Master's program in Government Procurement and Contract Administration at George Washington University. He has been involved in Navy Project Management Administration since January of 1963. Prior to that he had extensive Fleet experience as a Field Serivce Engineer for the Philco Corporation. Navy projects he has been associated with include the SPARROW and SIDE-WINDER Missiles the F-4 (Phantom) Series aircraft the Navy Maintenance and Material Management (3-M) System the LHA-1 Class Amphibious Assault Ship and the Ship and Air Systems Integration (SASI) Project. Presently he is the Division Director for Integrated Logistic Support on the SASI Pro

This paper discusses the Maintenance engineering Analyses (MEA) as performed in support of a major ship acquisition process. A major impetus is to demonstrate how the MEA can be utilized better to provide a direct data link between the design agent and the logistic support community to enhance Fleet operational effectiveness. A description of the overall MEA process is provided and several examples are used showing the type of design improvements realizable through an integration of the MEA process into the early stages of ship system design. © 1974 American Society of Naval Engineers

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Optimization of hybrid PVA/hFDM scaffold preparation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2344卷

作者： Rizqa Inayati Muhammad Suhaeri Nuzli Fahdia Melinda Remelia Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto 1Master Program in Biomedical Science Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6 Central Jakarta DKI Jakarta 10430 Indonesia 2Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia 3Stem cell and Tissue Engineering Research Cluster Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI) Universitas Indonesia Salemba Raya Jakarta West Java 10430 Indonesia 4Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6 Central Jakarta DKI Jakarta 10430 Indonesia 5Department of Basic Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jl Mayjen Sutoyo No 2 DKI Jakarta 13630 Indonesia 6Department of Histology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6 Central Jakarta DKI Jakarta 10430 Indonesia

Osteogenic differentiation from Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) to osteoblast has a clinical significance which is very important for treating bone injuries, in the form of femoral fractures with the most cases in Indonesia. Various studies have been conducted to find the best scaffold that can improve osteogenic differentiation, one of which is the development of a hybrid scaffold made from natural biomaterials in the form of the extracellular matrix, and from synthetic biomaterials. The discovery of the best scaffold is not only focused on the source of the scaffold but also requires optimization of the method in making the scaffold. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find out the optimum method for making hybrid scaffolds that support osteogenic differentiation from MSC. Materials and methods: human Fibroblast-derived Matrix (hFDM) as a hybrid scaffold material collected from decellularized fibroblasts cultures from post-cleft-surgery reconstruction palatal skin. Fibroblast cell cultures were divided into two groups of cultures, cultures without Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), and cultures with the addition of PRP. For decellularization, we performed optimization at the preparation stage of the decellularization solution, and the time of culture for decellularization. In the preparation of the decellularization solution, we divided it into two groups, NH4OH as material from the decellularization solution was diluted with PBS before mixing with 0.25% Triton X-100, and NH4OH was diluted directly in 0.25% Triton X-100. In optimizing the culture time for decellularization, we divided it into three groups, decellularization on the day when cell growth reached 100% confluent, decellularization on the 3rd day after 100% confluent (H + 3) cells, and decellularization on the 4th day after 100% confluent (H + 4) cells. Next, the hFDM matrix is collected and added Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) solutions to form a hybrid PVA / hFDM scaffold in the form of a hydrogel. Observations on h

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