The progressive contribution of renewables is key to decarbonize electricity systems. However, high shares of intermittent renewables remain a worldwide concern. Least Cost Capacity Expansion models are heavily led by...
The progressive contribution of renewables is key to decarbonize electricity systems. However, high shares of intermittent renewables remain a worldwide concern. Least Cost Capacity Expansion models are heavily led by short- sighted cost criteria and they do not take into account the feedback on the hourly electricity markets influencing investments. Their outcomes are often unrealistic and cannot come true with the current market rules, as they would require huge hidden subsidies because the captured price by non-dispatchable renewables would be often below the market price. Inductive approaches – based on actual hourly production from renewables and assigning the expected cost trends to each one of the technologies – would yield more realistic, actionable solutions. The aim of this paper is to present a planning approach for the new installed capacity, Inductive Projection Planning (IPP), an advanced tool that optimizes with respect to multiple objectives, has been developed using the Spanish case as an example. The necessity of CSP for a true energy transition in shown, avoiding excessive fossil-fueled backup generation.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticulate films was successfully annealed on a glass substrate via alternative hot air treatment (HAT). Interestingly, HAT not only protects the glass substrate deformation but can also r...
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticulate films was successfully annealed on a glass substrate via alternative hot air treatment (HAT). Interestingly, HAT not only protects the glass substrate deformation but can also reduce cost and time in the annealing process. The annealed films using HAT at 500 °C for 10 min can be compared with the annealed films in conventional furnace heat treatment (FHT) at 500 °C for 60 min. The results showed the sizes of ∼7.9 nm are obtained after the films annealed with both annealing techniques. The surface roughness of the as-deposited, the annealed films using FHT and HAT were 17.37, 23.74 and 23.26 nm, respectively. The energy band gap of the as- deposited films, the annealed films using FHT and HAT were 3.24 eV, 3.1 and 3.19 eV, respectively. Moreover, the annealed films using FHT and HAT techniques show superhydrophilic with a water contact angle of 3.42° and 2.81°, while the as-deposited films was 8.93°. After aging time testing, superhydrophilicity of the annealed films using HAT is greater than FHT. The result is in good agreement with Ti wt% of the as-deposited, the annealed films using FHT and HAT left on the substrate to 0.15, 0.73 and 0.65 nm after testing simulation for 20 years.
作者：
Lucian Ioan Dulău1PhD Student
Department of Automation Faculty of Automation and Computer Science Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 26-28 Gh. Bariţiu 400027 Cluj-Napoca Romania
This paper describes the simulation of a microgrid system with storage technologies. The microgrid comprises 6 distributed generators (DGs), 3 loads and a 150 kW storage unit. The installed capacity of the generators ...
This paper describes the simulation of a microgrid system with storage technologies. The microgrid comprises 6 distributed generators (DGs), 3 loads and a 150 kW storage unit. The installed capacity of the generators is 1100 kW, while the total load demand is 900 kW. The simulation is performed by using a SCADA software, considering the power generation costs, the loads demand and the system’s power losses. The generators access the system in order of their power generation cost. The simulation is performed for the entire day.
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