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High-Porosity, Layered Iridium Oxide as an Efficient, Durable Anode Catalyst for Water Splitting

CCS Chemistry 2025年第1期7卷 216-228页

作者： Zhoubing Xie Xiao Liang Zhenye Kang Yongcun Zou Xiyang Wang Yimin A.Wu Graham King Qi Liu Yalan Huang Xiao Zhao Hui Chen Xiaoxin Zou State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012 State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemistrySchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikou 570228 Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1 Canadian Light Source Saskatoon SK S7N 2V3 Department of Physics City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077 School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOEState Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and ControlElectron Microscopy CenterJilin UniversityChangchun 130012

Lowering iridium(Ir)loading without sacrificing activity and durability is critical to the future development of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer(PEMWE).Here,we present the synthesis of iridate-derived,layered iridium oxide microparticles(dubbed p-L-IrO_(2))with a high open porosity of approximately 74%and their structural advantages for the fabrication of efficient,durable,low-Ir-loading anode catalytic layer in *** p-L-IrO_(2) material is synthesized by an easily scalable route involving acid treatment of alkali metal salt-templated iridates that form in mixed alkali metal nitrateshydroxides at low *** combination of high-porosity morphology and layered structure in the material preferentially exposes a high density of hydroxylated edge sites,which are catalytically active and stable to achieve the oxygen evolution reaction via a structurally hydroxyl group-participated adsorbate evolution *** material is further demonstrated to enable the fabrication of low-Ir-loading anode catalytic layers in PEMWE,which can afford excellent catalytic performance(2.7 A cm^(−2)@1.9 V@80℃;membrane:Nafion^(TM)N115)due to the simultaneous reduction of activation and mass transport losses and retention of catalytic activity for 2300 h at 1.0 A cm^(−2) current density.

关键词： electrocatalysis water splitting iridium porous materials PEM electrolyzer

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FISS GAN:A Generative Adversarial Network for Foggy Image Semantic Segmentation

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第8期8卷 1428-1439页

作者： Kunhua Liu Zihao Ye Hongyan Guo Dongpu Cao Long Chen Fei-Yue Wang School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control and the Department of Control Science and Engineering Jilin University(Campus Nanling)Changchun 130025China Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department at the University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

Because pixel values of foggy images are irregularly higher than those of images captured in normal weather(clear images),it is difficult to extract and express their *** method has previously been developed to directly explore the relationship between foggy images and semantic segmentation *** investigated this relationship and propose a generative adversarial network(GAN)for foggy image semantic segmentation(FISS GAN),which contains two parts:an edge GAN and a semantic segmentation *** edge GAN is designed to generate edge information from foggy images to provide auxiliary information to the semantic segmentation *** semantic segmentation GAN is designed to extract and express the texture of foggy images and generate semantic segmentation *** on foggy cityscapes datasets and foggy driving datasets indicated that FISS GAN achieved state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： Edge GAN foggy images foggy image semantic segmentation GAN semantic segmentation

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Pore-Scale Investigation of Solute Dispersion Behavior in Porous Media Under a Two-Phase Co-Flow Condition

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Chunwei Mo, Jiale Li, Zijing Suekane, Tetsuya Zhang, Kai Wang, Yuncong Li, Ming State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Changchun130025 China College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun130025 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-I6-33 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8550 Japan Shandong University of Technology China

Phase distributions and hydrodynamic flow field at the pore scale can greatly affect the tracer mass transfer process in a two-phase co-flow system, yet the underlining mechanism is not well understood. In this work, dispersion of non-reactive tracers in the aqueous-phase flow field in porous structures (reconstructed from high-resolution Micro-CT images) is numerically investigated under an immiscible two-phase co-flow condition. The spatial-temporal evolution of tracer fronts is observed over a range of Sw from 0.45 to 0.95, and Péclet numbers from 130 to 650. The topology of the two-phase flow field is evaluated in terms of the fluid-phase morphology, rescaled Eulerian velocity distributions, and the WP fractional flow rate (fw)-saturation (Sw) curve, etc. Meanwhile, solute dispersion and mixing are comprehensively studied through tracer breakthrough curves, residence time distribution, dispersion coefficient, mean concentration gradient, and dilution index. A well-defined Fickian transport regime was achieved for Sw > 0.75, where uniform invading fronts with finer fingers were discovered, strengthening the dispersion process through merging of fingertips and transverse mixing. In contrast, multipeak and strong tails were discovered for lower saturations of Sw = 0.45 and 0.55, where ramified dispersive finger structures were observed, regulating solute transport into oriented channels while weakening its transport into diffusive barriers of disconnected/isolated clusters. In addition, transverse mixing contributes to 25%-50% of the overall mixing, which increases with Sw due to finger merging. The majority of mixing takes place in the well-connected branches, while ganglia and singlet may act as sources and sinks that weakens tracer transport especially for low Sw. The dilution index is 2 or 3 orders larger in the branches than that in the isolated clusters of ganglia or singlet. This research provides insight into the relationship between solute transport proper

关键词： Porous materials

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A Direct Slip Ratio Estimation Method based on an Intelligent Tire and Machine Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Xu, Nan Tang, Zepeng Askari, Hassan Zhou, Jianfeng Khajepour, Amir The State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Changchun Jilin130025 China The Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo ONN2L3G1 Canada

Accurate estimation of the tire slip ratio is critical for vehicle safety, as it is necessary for vehicle control purposes. In this paper, an intelligent tire system is presented to develop a novel slip ratio estimation model using machine learning algorithms. The accelerations, generated by a triaxial accelerometer installed onto the inner liner of the tire, are varied when the tire rotates to update the contact patch. Meanwhile, the slip ratio reference value can be measured by the MTS Flat-Trac tire test platform. Then, by analyzing the variation between the accelerations and slip ratio, highly useful features are discovered, which are especially promising for assessing vertical acceleration. For these features, machine learning (ML) algorithms are trained to build the slip ratio estimation model, in which the ML algorithms include artificial neural networks (ANNs), gradient boosting machines (GBMs), random forests (RFs), and support vector machines (SVMs). Finally, the estimated NRMS errors are evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation (CV). The proposed estimation model is able to estimate the slip ratio continuously and stably using only the acceleration from the intelligent tire system, and the estimated slip ratio range can reach 30%. The estimation results have high robustness to vehicle velocity and load, where the best NRMS errors can reach 4.88%. In summary, the present study with the fusion of an intelligent tire system and machine learning paves the way for the accurate estimation of the tire slip ratio under different driving conditions, which create new opportunities for autonomous vehicles, intelligent tires, and tire slip ratio estimation. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tires

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A Novel Integrated Stability control Based on Differential Braking and Active Steering for Four-axle Trucks

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2019年第1期32卷 174-194页

作者： Buyang Zhang Changfu Zong Guoying Chen Yanjun Huang Ting Xu College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Changchun 130022 China College of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Di erential braking and active steering have already been integrated to overcome their shortcomings. However, existing research mainly focuses on two-axle vehicles and controllers are mostly designed to use one control method to improve the other. Moreover, many experiments are needed to improve the robustness; therefore, these control methods are underutilized. This paper proposes an integrated control system specially designed for multi-axle vehicles, in which the desired lateral force and yaw moment of vehicles are determined by the sliding mode control algorithm. The output of the sliding mode control is distributed to the suitable wheels based on the abilities and potentials of the two control methods. Moreover, in this method, fewer experiments are needed, and the robustness and simultaneity are both guaranteed. To simplify the optimization system and to improve the computation speed, seven simple optimization subsystems are designed for the determination of control outputs on each wheel. The simulation results show that the proposed controller obviously enhances the stability of multi-axle trucks. The system improves 68% of the safe velocity, and its performance is much better than both di erential braking and active steering. This research proposes an integrated control system that can simultaneously invoke di erential braking and active steering of multi-axle vehicles to fully utilize the abilities and potentials of the two control methods.

关键词： Di erential braking Active steering Vertical tire force calculation Multi-axle truck Integrated control

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Near-wall approximations to speed up simulations for atmosphere boundary layers in the presence of forests using lattice Boltzmann method on GPU

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Shao, Xinyuan Santasmasas, Marta Camps Xue, Xiao Niu, Jiqiang Davidson, Lars Revell, Alistair J. Yao, Hua-Dong Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences Division of Fluid Dynamics Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg41296 Sweden School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering The University of Manchester Sackville Street M1 3BB United Kingdom School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Jilin Changchun130025 China

Forests play an important role in influencing the wind resource in atmospheric boundary layers and the fatigue life of wind turbines. Due to turbulence, a difficulty in the simulation of the forest effects is that flow statistical and fluctuating content should be accurately resolved using a turbulence-resolved CFD method, which requires a large amount of computing time and resources. In this paper, we demonstrate a fast but accurate simulation platform that uses a lattice Boltzmann method with large eddy simulation on Graphic Processing Units (GPU). The simulation tool is the open-source program, GASCANS, developed at the University of Manchester. The simulation platform is validated based on canonical wall-bounded turbulent flows. A forest is modelled in the form of body forces injected near the wall. Since a uniform cell size is applied throughout the computational domain, the averaged first-layer cell height over the wall reaches to h∆y+i = 165. simulation results agree well with previous experiments and numerical data obtained from finite volume methods. We demonstrate that good results are possible without the use of a wall-function, since the forest forces overwhelm wall friction. This is shown to hold as long as the forest region is resolved with several cells. In addition to the GPU speedup, the approximations also significantly benefit the computation efficiency. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Large eddy simulation

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Review of renewable energy curtailment in China: Current situation and solutions

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2681卷

作者： Yingai Jin Yiwen Zhang Nan Jiang Mingjie Lv Hang Yin Wenyuan Sun Liang Li 1State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Changchun 130025 China 2College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130025 China 3School of Physics Engineering and Computer Science University of Hertfordshire Hatfield AL10 9AB UK

In recent decades, China's renewable power generation has developed quickly. However, the randomness of output power causes wind and photovoltaic power curtailment. With the rapid development of renewable energy, renewable energy consumption has gradually become the focus of research. This article comprehensively reviews the current situation and practices of reducing the curtailment of renewable energy in China. From the perspective of methods used to stabilize the fluctuation characteristics of generation output, two modes are outlined: based on energy storage devices and complementary wind-solar system. Then, an Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES) system simulation model is proposed as a crucial solution to reduce renewable energy waste. Finally, the application and development trend of renewable energy and energy storage technology has prospected.

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Experimental study on the effects of the wall wettabilities on the fuel film characteristics

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2681卷

作者： Yanling Chen Liang Guo Wanchen Sun Ningning Cai Yuying Yan Han Wang Yuheng Gao 1State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Changchun 130025 China 2School of Management Jilin University Changchun 130025 China 3Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK

Aiming at the problem of wall-wetting in the internal combustion engines, to improve the fuel economy and reduce emissions, the laser-induced fluorescence method is used to study the characteristics of the fuel film. The morphological developments and the thickness distributions of the fuel films impacting the aluminum alloy surfaces with different wettabilities and temperatures are experimentally investigated. The results show that the laser-etched lipophilic surface is conducive to the spread and the evaporation of the fuel film, while the chemically etched oleophobic surface promotes the formation of the vapor film between the fuel film and the surface and inhibits the evaporation of the fuel film at a high wall temperature. The oleophobicity of the surface reduces the Leidenfrost temperature of the fuel droplets. Moreover, at a lower wall temperature, the stronger the surface lipophilicity, the larger the maximum spreading area of the fuel film and the thinner the fuel film. The continuous evaporation of the fuel film makes the average thicknesses and the maximum thicknesses of the fuel films on the surfaces with different wettabilities continuously decrease and the fuel film distributions become more uniform. As the wall temperatures increase, the spreading rates and the evaporation rates of the fuel films on the different surfaces increase.

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Honeycomb-Structured IrOxFoam Platelets as the Building Block of Anode Catalyst Layer in PEM Water Electrolyzer

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第3期137卷

作者： Zhoubing Xie Prof. Hui Chen Dr. Xiyang Wang Dr. Yimin A. Wu Zizhun Wang Dr. Subhajit Jana Prof. Yongcun Zou Prof. Xiao Zhao Dr. Xiao Liang Prof. Xiaoxin Zou State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Electron Microscopy Center Jilin University Changchun 130012 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Electron Microscopy Center Jilin University Changchun 130012 China

Achieving robust long-term durability with high catalytic activity at low iridium loading remains one of great challenges for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). Herein, we report the low-temperature synthesis of iridium oxide foam platelets comprising edge-sharing IrO 6 octahedral honeycomb framework, and demonstrate the structural advantages of this material for multilevel tuning of anodic catalyst layer across atomic-to-microscopic scales for PEMWE. The integration of IrO 6 octahedral honeycomb framework, foam-like texture and platelet morphology into a single material system assures the generation and exposure of highly active and stable iridium catalytic sites for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), while facilitating the reduction of both mass transport loss and electronic resistance of catalyst layer. As a proof of concept, the membrane electrode assembly in single-cell PEMWE based on honeycomb-structured IrO x foam platelets, with a low iridium loading (~0.3 mg Ir /cm 2 ), is demonstrated to exhibit high catalytic activity at ampere-level current densities and to remain stable for more than 2000 hours.

关键词： water splitting water oxidation foam structure iridium PEM electrolyzer

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Lateral force prediction using gaussian process regression for intelligent tire systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Groenner Barbosa, Bruno Henrique Xu, Nan Askari, Hassan Khajepour, Amir Department of Automatics Federal University of Lavras CP 3037 Lavras MG37200-000 Brazil Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo ONN2L3G1 Canada State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Changchun Jilin130025 China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo ONN2L3G1 Canada

Understanding the dynamic behavior of tires and their interactions with road plays an important role in designing integrated vehicle control strategies. Accordingly, having access to reliable information about the tire-road interactions through tire embedded sensors is very demanding for developing enhanced vehicle control systems. Thus, the main objectives of the present research work are i. to analyze data from an experimental accelerometer-based intelligent tire acquired over a wide range of maneuvers, with different vertical loads, velocities, and high slip angles;and ii. to develop a lateral force predictor based on a machine learning tool, more specifically the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) technique. It is delineated that the proposed intelligent tire system can provide reliable information about the tire-road interactions even in the case of high slip angles. Besides, the lateral forces model basedonGPRcanpredictforceswithacceptableaccuracy and provide level of uncertainties that can be very useful for designing vehicle control strategies. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tires

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