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Wear of cylinder liner due to friction load of piston ring with various surface temperature

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. M. Widiyarta I. M. Parwata M. R. Akbar E. F. Baryudha 1Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Bali Indonesia 2Magister of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Bali Indonesia

Wear on the cylinder liner as a combustion chamber is generally because of frictional loads by the piston rings. In addition, high temperatures that occur in the combustion chamber may accelerate the wear of the cylinder liner and shorten the service life of the cylinder liner. In this work, the wear test will be carried out on the cylinder liner of a diesel engine due to the friction load by the piston ring with various temperatures of the contact surface between the cylinder liner and the piston ring. The wear test is carried out on a linear reciprocating pin-on-plate wear test machine with the temperature of the contact surface varied from room temperature of 30 to 400°C. The results show the wear rate of the cylinder liner increases with increasing surface temperatures progressively. The wear mechanism occurs possibly by abrasive or adhesion wear and oxidation wear.

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The use of remote sensing in mining prospecting in Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2278卷

作者： Januar Fery I Haeruddin Nur Faizin Siti Aminah Fanteri Aji D. S. F. X. Kristianta 1Study Program of Mining Engineering Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of Jember Indonesia 2Mechanical EngineeringDepartment Faculty of Engineering University of Jember Indonesia

Mineral resources of a region are development assets and are one of the essential capital of development as well as the source or potential of wealth in the area. To make the right use for the welfare of the community, there is a need for proper identification of types, positions and reserves, excavation, and management. Therefore, to manage the mine deposit, especially industrial minerals, an area needs to be mapped to reveal mining resources concerning the type, size, and position of deposits in a field. The purpose of the study was to determine the potential for the dissemination of mining excavations in Situbondo Regency. The research method used remote sensing with guided techniques based on data in the field and geological maps. Based on remote sensing results, it was found that there were 5 minerals in Situbondo Regency. The excavated materials are sand, limestone, trass, mountain rock, and phosphate.

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The J-value as the measurement tool of the bonds investor's behavior

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2331卷

作者： Josep Ginting Lydia Anggraini 1Study Program of Accounting Faculty of Business President University Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara Jababeka Education Park Cikarang Baru Bekasi 17550 Indonesia 2Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering President University Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara Jababeka Education Park Cikarang Baru Bekasi 17550 Indonesia

For many years, mathematics has been used to solve the problem in economic and finance instead of natural science and engineering. This paper shows how accurate mathematics reads financial behavior. One of the financial areas using the mathematics approach is the bond valuation technique. Bond is one of the long term debt instruments. The finding in this research is that mathematics can be used to read the changes in the concept of a pricing model where the par value of bonds is always going to 100% at the maturity date. Theoretically, the bonds fair price is resulted by calculating the present value of future coupon interest of bonds, but not in practice, caused by the bonds investor behavior. The difference in price, resulted from both different approaches, in this paper is defined by a new mathematical concept to reflect the bonds' investor behavior. It is the aim of this research. To address the differences, we have evaluated the fair price of bonds calculation by creating new mathematics equations by combining the calculation of the present value of future coupon interest of bonds with the market concept models. The result is a new mathematical model called J-Value. To prove the eligibility of J-Value, a simulation was done. The mathematics model in this paper is found by combining the usage of a qualitative method and supported by a quantitative method.

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The effect of varying quenching media on cooling time and microstructures of leaf spring steel AISI 5160

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2363卷

作者： Anton Sudiyanto Eko Pujiyulianto 1Metallurgical Engineering Department of Mining Engineering Faculty of Mineral Technology Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta 55283 Indonesia 2Mechanical Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) South Lampung Lampung 35365 Indonesia

The mechanical properties of the material is affected by the microstructure, and the microstructure is determined by the cooling time. This research aims to evaluate the effect of varying quenching media on cooling time and microstructures of leaf spring steel AISI 5160. The leaf spring steel AISI 5160 was heat-treated at 850 oC for 30 minutes and was cooled in the varying quenching media. The quenching media were oil, water, water 1 L + soap 10 g, water 1 L + soap 15 g, water 1 L + soap 25 g, water 1 L + urea 10 g, water 1 L + urea 15 g, water 1 L + urea 25 g sand, air, and furnace. The cooling times were calculated by newton's law of cooling and heating equation, the microstructures were observed by an optical light microscope, and the percentages of martensite and retained austenite in the material were calculated by Optimas software. The results show that the fastest cooling time is 20.20 s cooled in water 1 L + urea 25 gr, and the longest cooling time is 82800 s cooled in the furnace. The microstructures of the material were martensite and retained austenite when the materials are cooled in a water and oil base quenching media. The microstructures were ferrite and pearlite when the materials are cooled in air, sand, and the furnace. The lowest percentage of the martensite is 78.4 % cooled in oil quenching media, and the highest percentage of the martensite is 94.4 % cooled in water + urea 25 g.

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Remote monitoring systems in greenhouse based on NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller and Android

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2199卷

作者： Yuliana Astutik Murad Guyup Mahardian Dwi Putra Diah Ajeng Setiawati 1Study Program of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Food and Agroindustrial Technology University of Mataram Indonesia

This study aimed to design a Greenhouse Remote Monitoring system and to immediately evaluate the monitoring system. The Monitoring system was designed based on the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller to expectedly result an Android monitoring display as the output. This research was conducted in Greenhouse at Faculty of Food and Agroindustrial Technology, University of Mataram. An experimental method using greenhouse and hydroponic system was applied to this research. The monitoring system consisted of components that functionally related to each other (NodeMCU ESP8266, Android, DHT11 (temperature and humidity sensor), BH1750 (light sensor), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) sensors, and other components that further supported by programming language. The observed parameters were the greenhouse temperature (°C); humidity (%); light intensity (lux); and the amount of TDS (ppm). The experiment indicated that the designed monitoring system successfully displayed what the sensor had read then translated it into Android. The average percentage of the Light meter reading errors using the BH1750 sensor (shown) on Android was 2.13%; the average percentage of the hygrometer reading errors using DHT11 sensor on Android was 0.14%; the average value of the thermometer reading errors as well as DHT11 sensor on Android was 0.76%; while the average TDS reading error on Android was slightly above 5% due to increasing temperature inside the greenhouse, especially in the afternoon period.

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Digital automatic livestock weighing system using single beam load cell

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2114卷

作者： Novy Hapsari Tris Dewi Indraswati Mohamad Haifan Denny Maulana 1Study Program of Electrical Engineering Institut Teknologi Indonesia South Tangerang Banten Indonesia 2Study Program of Agricultural Engineering Institut Teknologi Indonesia South Tangerang Banten Indonesia

The livestock market in Indonesia is still categorized as a traditional market due to the absence of the standard price and/or open sale. One recommendation that can be applied to livestock market is the application of weighing and management of livestock data, i.e. digital weighing system and cage structure with automatic door that can be opened and closed automatically. The proposed system is a cage that consists of digital scale based on single bending beam load cell with dimension 160cm x 80cm x 120cm. It has a sliding door driven automatically by DC motor. The livestock to be weighed is detected by the LDR-laser system which would notify the Mega 2560 arduino microcontroller to command the DC motor at the entrance and the exit spaces to open/close the door. The weighing results are displayed in LCD screen. The digital livestock scale could weigh linearly in the range of 0-440 kilograms with an average error of 0.265% and could measure a maximum weight of 620 kilograms.

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Effect of contact surface temperature on wear of nickel-chromium layer

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2187卷

作者： I. M. Widiyarta I. M. Parwata I. P. Lokantara Dwipayana 1Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Indonesia 2Magister of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Indonesia

In sliding contact of two components, the contact temperature will be generated due to the friction force and this may weaken the material and cause the material to be less resistance to fail by wear. However, the generated temperature may develop oxide layers at the surface and thus may protect the material to fail by wear. In this work, the contact surface of the material of the medium carbon steel was coated with Nickel-Chromium in the process of flame powder spray coating. To determine the effect of the elevated temperature at the contact surface on the wear of the Nickel-Chromium layers, the wear test with the various temperatures of the surface was performed using the ball-on-plat wear test machine. The surface temperature was arranged in the range of 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300°C. The results show that the wear rate decrease from about 0.0347x10−3 to 0.0083x10−3 gr/m with increasing the surface temperature from 30°C to 50°C and increasing the surface temperature up to 300°C, the wear rate slightly fluctuated between 0.0023x10−3 and 0.0053x10−3 gr/m. This wear rate behavior occurred because of the oxide layers presented at the surface due to the elevated temperature.

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Szemerédi's regularity lemma application on 3-term arithmetic progression

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2268卷

作者： Regina Ayunita Tarigan Chun-Yen Shen 1Study Program of Software Engineering Techology Institut Teknologi Del Jl. Sisingamangaraja Sitoluama Laguboti Toba Samosir North Sumatra Indonesia 22381 2Department of Mathematics National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Rd Da'an District Taipei City Taiwan 10617

In this paper, the Szemerédi's Regularity Lemma and its application are studied. This lemma is used to partition a large enough graph into almost equal parts so that the number of edges across the parts is fairly random. On the other hand, Roth's Theorem states that there exists an arithmetic progression with length 3 in a subset in integer with positive upper density. We shall see that it can be proved by using triangle removal lemma, which is an application of Szemerédi's Regularity Lemma. The regularity lemma does not seem to be a direct tool to be used on Roth's theorem. The lemma deals with the graphs while Roth's theorem states about subsets on integers. But however, the two are connected through the construction of an auxiliary graph, where 3-arithmetic progression of integers subsets corresponds to triangles in this such graph. At the end of this explanation, we will find that the whole trivial triangles formed by such graph partition are all disjoint. This is at the point we can conclude that there exists an arithmetic progression with length 3 in a subset in integer with positive upper density.

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Investigation the effect of powder type on the capillary pumping performance and wettability

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2255卷

作者： Luh Putu Ike Midiani I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya Wayan Nata Septiadi Made Sucipta Nandy Putra 1Study Program of Doctor Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering University of Udayana Denpasar Bali Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Bali State Polytechnic Badung Bali Indonesia 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Udayana Badung Bali Indonesia 4Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424 Indonesia

This study examined the effects of powder types on capillary pumping performance and wettability of wick samples. The raw material used are molecular sieve and copper powder with grain size of 80-100 microns and 177-200 microns respectively. Wick samples were produced by sintering with two shapes of powder grain comprised spherical and irregular shapes. Tests were carried out to determine the microstructure of the sample, capillary pumping amount and wettability. The test results showed that the grain type and grain size of powder could affect the roughness of the samples, of which, consequently, could also influence their wettability and capillary pumping amount. Proposed grain size and shape of the molecular sieve and copper powder are potential to be considered as wick alternatives for heat pipe application.

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The investigation on cooling capacity and CELdek material pad classification of evaporative cooling pad system using different pad material with water temperature and water discharge variations

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1983卷

作者： Hendra Wijaksana I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya Made Sucipta Ainul Ghurri Nengah Suarnadwipa 1Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Indonesia

The objective of this study is to evaluate the cooling capacity of evaporative cooling pad system using gunny sack and kerosene stove wick as pad material with variations on water temperature and water discharge of pad material wetting water and its appropriate to the use as an alternative pad material for commercial purpose of CELdek. The variety of pad material that can be used as a cooling medium in evaporative cooling pad system is very wide. Therefore it is need to analyze the performance of alternative pad materials variety in terms of cooling capacity. For this purpose, the test were conducted with three level water discharge (649.98 ml/min; 1299.96 ml/min; 1949.94 ml/min) and three different pad wetting water temperature (10 ± 1°C, 15 ± 1°C; 25 ± 1°C) for each pad material and for the thickness level of pad materials is arranged for gunny sack and kerosene stove wick with the thickness pad level respectively at 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 3.0 mm, in density of 3×2 mm, 2×1 mm and 6.0; 12.0 mm. In this research, 23 cylinder pad with wrapped material pad is arranged in staggered and placed perpendicular to the air flow direction, with length of 75 cm and diameter of 50 mm. The air suction velocity is keep constant on 0.818 m3/s, and discharge water is arranged using water distribution line contained 69 hole, in which for one hole has 28.3 ml/min, therefore to obtain water discharge for the first, second, and third water discharge would has opening hole for respectively 23, 46 and 69 holes,.the experiment is completed for three times repetitions for each discharge water, water temperature of every pad materials. According to the results of this study, it was found that the gunny sack at 3 mm thickness, 1949.94 ml/min water discharge and water temperature 15 ± 1°C has an average temperature drop,ΔT of 4.6°C with cooling capacity of 4.68 kW, while for the kerosene stove wick at 12 mm thickness, 1949.94 ml/min water discharge and water temperature 15 ± 1°C has the average

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