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Potassium recovery from banana peels by hydrothermal treatment

AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2026卷

作者： Mustaqim Mustaqim Chandra Wahyu Purnomo Rochim Bakti Cahyono 1Master Program of Systems Engineering Universitas Gadja Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gadja Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia 3Agrotechnology Innovation Center PIAT-UGM Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia

Banana peels is a material that can be used as a potassium source for organic fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer has a role in improving plants productivity. This research aims to determine the effect of hydrothermal temperature on the potassium concentration in hydrothermal liquid product and to find out the potential of zeolite in adsorbing potassium from the solution. Thus, there were two stage of experiment of potassium recovery here i.e. potassium extraction process from banana peel waste by a hydrothermal treatment in various temperature (150, 175 and 200°C) for 1 hour and the adsorption process of potassium in the liquid product by adding zeolite for 24 hours. The result shows that higher treatment temperature of will produce higher concentration of potassium in the solution while the highest potassium uptake is using 40 g of natural zeolite in 50 ml hydrothermal liquid product with the recovery is about 94%.

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Hydro-char production from press-mud wastes of the sugarcane industry by hydrothermal treatment with natural zeolite addition

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2026卷

作者： Asroful Abidin Chandra Wahyu Purnomo Rochim Bakti Cahyono 1Master Program of System Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia 3Agrotechnology Innovation Center PIAT-UGM Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia

Hydrothermal treatment (HT) is a biomass conversion by thermal process that using water as solvent and reactant. This technology is superior in treating biomass with a high water content into char and liquid product. This research aims to observe the zeolite incorporation in HT as an additive material to increase the acidity for hydrolysis enhancement. The effects of temperature and zeolite addition on biochar of press-mud biomass characteristic has been observed. The temperature variation were 180, 200, and 220°C with a water-biomass ratio of 1:5 and residence time of sixty minutes. Zeolite was added as much as 20% of the sample weight. The HT char was characterized using proximate analysis, heating value, and FTIR. The solid product had a heating value from 1886.419 to 2047.559 cal/g. It is observed that temperature variation affect the caloric value, ash content, fix carbon, and energy densification, while zeolite addition increased solid yield, energy yield, and liquid product acidity.

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Color and COD degradation in photocatalytic process of procion red by using TiO2 catalyst under solar irradiation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Melati Ireng Sari Tuty Emilia Agustina Elda Melwita Tine Aprianti 1Graduate Program Student Chemical Engineering Magister Program Engineering Faculty Universitas Sriwijaya Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Universitas Sriwijaya Indonesia

Increasing textile industries in Indonesia resulted in increasing the utilization of dyes. The use of synthetic dyes are still dominating because they have many advantages. But, synthetic dyes are difficult to decompose in nature so they can cause potential pollution if discharged directly into the environment. In this study, Procion Red was used as a model of synthetic dye wastewater. The objective of this research is to study the effect of TiO2 catalyst concentration and irradiation time on the degradation of Procion Red under solar irradiation. Photo degradation takes place by using TiO2 catalyst powder in the various concentration of Procion Red of 150-300 ppm. The various concentrations of TiO2 catalyst of 0.5-8 g/l were used. The color and COD degradation of Procion Red for 12 hours of solar irradiation were investigated. Color degradation was measured by using a spectrophotometer. While COD degradation was measured by using Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate (FAS) analysis method. The result showed when using Procion Red of 150 ppm, the highest color degradation of 100% was achieved by using TiO2 catalyst of 6 g/l and the highest COD degradation of 62% was obtained by using TiO2 catalyst of 8 g/l, under 12 hours of solar irradiation

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Synthesis of geopolymer from biomass-coal ash blends

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1887卷

作者： Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi Winny Wulandari Muhammad Iqbal Prasetyo Muhammad Rizki Fernando Aprilina Purbasari 1Chemical Engineering Program Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

Geopolymer is an environmentally attractive Portland cement substitute, owing to its lower carbon footprint and its ability to consume various aluminosilicate waste materials as its precursors. This work describes the development of geopolymer formulation based on biomass-coal ash blends, which is predicted to be the prevalent type of waste when biomass-based thermal energy production becomes mainstream in Indonesia. The ash blends contain an ASTM Class F coal fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and coconut shell ash (CSA). A mixture of Na2SiO3 and concentrated KOH is used as the activator solution. A preliminary experiment identified the appropriate activator/ash mass ratio to be 2.0, while the activator Na2SiO3/KOH ratio varies from 0.8 to 2.0 with increasing ash blend Si/Al ratio. Both non-blended FA and CSA are able to produce geopolymer mortars with 7-day compressive strength exceeding the Indonesian national SNI 15-2049-2004 standard minimum value of 2.0 MPa stipulated for Portland cement mortars. Ash blends have to be formulated with a maximum RHA content of approximately 50 %-mass to yield satisfactory 7-day strength. No optimum ash blend composition is identified within the simplex ternary ash blend compositional region. The strength decreases with Si/Al ratio of the ash blends due to increasing amount of unreacted silicate raw materials at the end of the geopolymer hardening period. Overall, it is confirmed that CSA and blended RHA are feasible raw materials for geopolymer production..

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Catalytic and thermal cracking processes of waste cooking oil for bio-gasoline synthesis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1823卷

作者： Muhammad Andry Rizki Dewanto Aulia Azka Januartrika Heny Dewajani Arief Budiman 1Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada Jalan Grafika 2 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Program The State Polytechnic of Malang Jalan Sukarno Hatta 9 Malang 65141 Indonesia

Non-renewable energy resources such as fossil fuels, and coal were depleted as the increase of global energy demand. Moreover, environmental aspect becomes a major concern which recommends people to utilize bio-based resources. Waste cooking oil is one of the economical sources for biofuel production and become the most used raw material for biodiesel production. However, the products formed during frying, can affect the trans-esterification reaction and the biodiesel properties. Therefore, it needs to convert low-quality cooking oil directly into biofuel by both thermal and catalytic cracking processes. Thermal and catalytic cracking sometimes are regarded as prospective bio-energy conversion processes. This research was carried out in the packed bed reactor equipped with 2 stages preheater with temperature of reactor was variated in the range of 450-550°C. At the same temperature, catalytic cracking had been involved in this experiment, using activated ZSM-5 catalyst with 1 cm in length. The organic liquid product was recovered by three stages of double pipe condensers. The composition of cracking products were analyzed using GC-MS instrument and the caloric contents were analyzed using Bomb calorimeter. The results reveal that ZSM-5 was highly selective toward aromatic and long aliphatic compounds formation. The percentage recovery of organic liquid product from the cracking process varies start from 8.31% and the optimal results was 54.08%. The highest heating value of liquid product was resulted from catalytic cracking process at temperature of 450°C with value of 10880.48 cal/gr and the highest product yield with 54.08% recovery was achieved from thermal cracking process with temperature of 450°C.

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Morphological arrangement of two-dimensional aggregated colloid

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1858卷

作者： Sarunya Promkotra Tawiwan Kangsadan 1Department of Geotechnology Faculty of Technology KhonKaen University KhonKaen 40002 Thailand 2Chemical and Process Engineering Program Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering TheSirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS) King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) Bangsue Bangkok 10800 Thailand

Two-dimensional aggregate morphologies can be controlled by adjusting the suspending alcohol and the composition of the substrate solution. Water-glycerol substrates were used in these experiments because their high viscosity minimizes vibration in floating 2D aggregates. The polystyrene microspheres, 4.0 µm in diameter, were suspended in alcohol-water solutions at 0.1 vol% solid fraction by adding appropriate amounts of the as-received dispersion to the alcohol. The resulting suspending phase contained 12 vol% water. Methanol and ethanol were used as the suspension medium for the particles. The substrate composition and the suspending medium alcohol were varied, leading to a better understanding of the effect of these variables on 2Daggregate morphology. Light alcohols, methanol and ethanol, formed the two-dimensional(2D) aggregated monolayers at the air-liquid interface. Also, high acidity in the liquid substrate (pH values below 6) was required for formation of 2D aggregates. Similarly, salt additions also induced particle aggregation. The 2D morphologies were classified by their fractal dimension, which increased with the concentration of glycerol and acid in the substrateliquid. In addition, both aggregates and isolated particles in the ethanol system showed anovel circular ring structure, which disappeared over time. Morphology diagrams for the 2D aggregates were developed; these diagrams showed the fractal dimension of the clusteras a function of the formation conditions.

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Temperature dependent electron transport behavior of poly (methyl methacrylate)/silver functionalized reduced graphene oxide films

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1942卷

作者： S. Asha A. Nimrodh Ananth G. Vanitha Kumari G. S. Okram Sujin P. Jose M. A. Jothi Rajan 1Nano-Bio Laboratory PG & Research Department of Physics Arul Anandar College Karumathur Madurai 625 514 TN India 2Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India 4University Grants Commission-Department of Atomic Energy Consortium for Scientific Research Indore Center Indore Madhya Pradesh India 3Department of Computational Physics School of Physics Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625 021 TN India

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silver functionalized reduced graphene oxide film were prepared and were investigated using FTIR and Raman. Electron transport behavior of these samples, at low temperature were studied. The prepared film exhibited a temperature dependent electron transport, at higher temperatures Arrhenius-like temperature dependence of resistance was observed indicating band like electron transport with a small thermal activation energy. At further lower temperatures hopping mechanism of conduction was observed due to the presence of defects. The conduction due to band-like electron transport at higher temperature is attributed to the easier excitation of charge carriers to the conduction band, whereas at lower temperatures conduction occurs through hopping mechanism due to localized states around Fermi level in the presence of defects.

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Effect of modification ZSM-5 catalyst in upgrading quality of organic liquid product derived from catalytic cracking of Indonesian nyamplung oil (Calophyllum inophyllum)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1755卷

作者： Heny Dewajani Rochmadi Suryo Purwono Arief Budiman 1Chemical Engineering Program The State Polytechnic of Malang Jalan Sukarno Hatta 9 Malang 65141 Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Gadjah Mada University Jalan Grafika 2 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 3Center for Energy Studies Gadjah Mada University Sekip K1A Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

The catalytic cracking of nyamplung oil over ZSM-5 catalyst was investigated in a packed bed reactor at the temperature of 450 °C and ratio of catalysts to oils was 1:5. The results show that ZSM-5 has high selectivity for aromatics compounds but low in the paraffin compounds. This aromatic compound has an advantage in increasing the octane number of gasoline even though it should be limited due to environmental regulation. To upgrade the quality of the organic liquid product is done by modification catalyst. One of the method to modify the catalysts by impregnating metal Ni into ZSM-5 with various % weight of Ni (2-7 wt. %). From BET and BJH analysis shows that the modification Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts affected the surface area and pore volume of catalyst. Compared to catalytic cracking of nyamplung oil with ZSM-5 catalysts, the loading of Ni to ZSM-5 could improve the selectivity of paraffin compounds. Increasing on nickel loaded tends to increase the selectivity of paraffin compounds and decrease the aromatic compounds. But the addition of 2-7 wt. % Ni in the catalyst ZSM-5 has slightly affected the yield of liquid products. The yield of liquid products with catalyst ZSM-5 and Ni ZSM-5 in the range of 70-75%.

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Evaluation of phase envelope on natural gas, condensate and gas hydrate

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2015年第1期1653卷

作者： S. Promkotra T. Kangsadan 1Department of Geotechnology Faculty of Technology Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand 2Chemical and Process Engineering Program Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS) King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) Bangsue Bangkok 10800 Thailand

The experimentally gas hydrate are generated by condensate and natural gas. Natural gas and condensate samples are collected from a gas processing plant where is situated in the northeastern part of Thailand. Physical properties of the API gravity and density of condensate are presented in the range of 55-60° and 0.71-0.76 g/cm3. The chemical compositions of petroleum-field water are analyzed to evaluate the genesis of gas hydrate by experimental procedure. The hydrochemical compositions of petroleum-field waters are mostly the Na-Cl facies. This condition can estimate how the hydrate forms. Phase envelope of condensate is found only one phase which is liquid phase. The liquid fraction is 100% at 15°C and 101.327 kPa, with the critical pressure and temperature of 2,326 kPa and 611.5 K. However, natural gas can be separated in three phases which are vapor, liquid and solid phase with the pressure and temperature at 100 kPa and 274.2 K. The hydrate curves explicit both hydrate zone and nonhydrate zone. Phase envelope of gas hydrate from the phase diagram indicates the hydrate formation. The experimental results of hydrate form can correlate to the hydrate curve. Besides, the important factor of hydrate formation depends on impurity in the petroleum system.

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Layered Clay-Alginate Composites for the Adsorption of Anionic Dyes: A Biocompatible Solution for Water/Wastewater Treatment

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第3期6卷 177-184页

作者： Sanil Sebastian S. Mayadevi B. Sajeena Beevi Sujata Mandal 1Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune India 2Chemical Engineering Department Government Engineering College Trissur India Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune India Chemical Engineering Department Government Engineering College Trissur India Expertise Center for Eco-Testing Laboratory (EXCEL) CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai India

Adsorption properties of layered anionic clay-composites for the removal of anionic dyes from water were studied. The dye adsorption capacities of the composites were higher than the pristine clay. The clay-alginate composite with 5.9% alginate showed highest adsorption for both the dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity of the composite was enhanced by 51% for Acid Green 25 and 160% for Acid Green 27, compared to the pristine layered clay sample. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The isotherm data could be explained well using the Freundlich isotherm model. Adsorption kinetics was analyzed using normal first order and Lagergren first order kinetic models.

关键词： Layered Clay Sodium Alginate Composite Adsorption Acid Green 25 Acid Green 27 Isotherm Kinetics

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