检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Toward Realizing the Promise of AI in Precision Health Across the Spectrum of Care

Genomics and Human Genetics 1000年第1期25卷 141-159页

作者： Jenna Wiens Kayte Spector-Bagdady Bhramar Mukherjee 1Division of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA email: wiensj@umich.edu 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA 3Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

Significant progress has been made in augmenting clinical decision-making using artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of secondary and tertiary care at large academic medical centers. For such innovations to have an impact across the spectrum of care, additional challenges must be addressed, including inconsistent use of preventative care and gaps in chronic care management. The integration of additional data, including genomics and data from wearables, could prove critical in addressing these gaps, but technical, legal, and ethical challenges arise. On the technical side, approaches for integrating complex and messy data are needed. Data and design imperfections like selection bias, missing data, and confounding must be addressed. In terms of legal and ethical challenges, while AI has the potential to aid in leveraging patient data to make clinical care decisions, we also risk exacerbating existing disparities. Organizations implementing AI solutions must carefully consider how they can improve care for all and reduce inequities.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Extrachromosomal DNA in Cancer

引用

Genomics and Human Genetics 1000年第1期23卷 29-52页

作者： Vineet Bafna Paul S. Mischel 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA email: vbafna@cs.ucsd.edu 2Department of Pathology and ChEM-H Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA email: pmischel@stanford.edu

In cancer, complex genome rearrangements and other structural alterations, including the amplification of oncogenes on circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) elements, drive the formation and progression of tumors. ecDNA is a particularly challenging structural alteration. By untethering oncogenes from chromosomal constraints, it elevates oncogene copy number, drives intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, promotes rapid tumor evolution, and results in treatment resistance. The profound changes in DNA shape and nuclear architecture generated by ecDNA alter the transcriptional landscape of tumors by catalyzing new types of regulatory interactions that do not occur on chromosomes. The current suite of tools for interrogating cancer genomes is well suited for deciphering sequence but has limited ability to resolve the complex changes in DNA structure and dynamics that ecDNA generates. Here, we review the challenges of resolving ecDNA form and function and discuss the emerging tool kit for deciphering ecDNA architecture and spatial organization, including what has been learned to date about how this dramatic change in shape alters tumor development, progression, and drug resistance.

关键词： ecDNA cancer homogeneously staining regions HSRs ecDNA evolution ecDNA hubs enhancer hijacking

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Generalized heat-transport equations: Parabolic and hyperbolic models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Rogolino, Patrizia Kovács, Robert Ván, Peter Cimmelli, Vito Antonio Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy and 2Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary and 3Department of Mathematics Computer Science and Economics University of Basilicata Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 85100 Potenza Italy

We derive two different generalized heat-transport equations: The most general one, of the first order in time and second order in space, encompasses some well known heat equations and describes the hyperbolic regime in the absence of nonlocal effects. Another, less general, of the second order in time and fourth order in space, is able to describe hyperbolic heat conduction also in the presence of nonlocal effects. We investigate the thermodynamic compatibility of both models by applying some generalizations of the classical Liu and Coleman-Noll procedures. In both cases, constitutive equations for the entropy and for the entropy flux are obtained. For the second model, we consider a heat-transport equation which includes nonlocal terms and study the resulting set of balance laws, proving that the corresponding thermal perturbations propagate with finite speed. Generalized heat-transport equation and Hyperbolic heat conduction and Thermal perturbations. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Constitutive equations

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

At-wavelength interferometry of extreme ultraviolet lithographic optics

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 1998年第1期449卷 553-557页

作者： Sang Hun Lee Patrick Naulleau Kenneth Goldberg Edita Tejnil Hector Medecki Cynthia Bresloff Chang Chang David Attwood Jeffrey Bokor 1Center for X-ray Optics Mail Stop 2-400 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley California 94720 3Intel Components Research 2200 Mission College Blvd SC-02 Santa Clara California 95052

A phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) has recently been developed to evaluate optics for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection lithography systems. The interferometer has been implemented at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and is currently being used to test experimental EUV Schwarzschild objectives. Recent PS/PDI measurements indicate these experimental objectives to have wavefront errors on the order of 0.1 waves (∼1 nm at a wavelength of 13.4 nm) rms. These at-wavelength measurements have also revealed the multilayer phase effects, demonstrating the sensitivity and importance of EUV characterization. The measurement precision of the PS/PDI has been experimentally determined to be better than 0.01 waves. Furthermore, a systematic-error-limited absolute measurement accuracy of 0.004 waves has been demonstrated.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Further Development of the Simulation of Sonic IR Imaging of Cracks in Metals with Finite‐Element Models

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2007年第1期894卷 471-477页

作者： Xiaoyan Han Md. Sarwar Islam G. M. Newaz L. D. Favro R. L. Thomas 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 3Institute for Manufacturing Research Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 4Physics Department Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 4aCollege of Science Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202

Sonic IR imaging, which combines infrared imaging and ultrasound excitation, as a relative new member of the NDE family, has been drawing wider and wider attention due to its fast, wide area inspection capability. In our previous presentations and publications, we have described the application of acoustic chaos to Sonic IR imaging and have provided experimental illustrations as well. In addition, we have described realistic finite‐element models that simulate the heating of cracks in metals by both chaotic and non‐chaotic sound. These models allow for both friction and plastic deformation as sources of heating. In this paper, we present our further study on the physical mechanisms that are responsible for the advantages of chaotic sound for Sonic IR crack detection. Using finite‐element analysis, here we will present theoretical explanations, both for the origin of the chaos, and for the mechanisms responsible for the chaotic enhancement of crack detection.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Fast and Flexible Multiagent Decision-Making

引用

Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 1000年第1期7卷 19-45页

作者： Naomi Ehrich Leonard Anastasia Bizyaeva Alessio Franci 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA email: naomi@princeton.edu 2Department of Mechanical Engineering and National Science Foundation AI Institute in Dynamic Systems University of Washington Seattle Washington USA email: anabiz@uw.edu 4WEL Research Institute Wavre Belgium 3Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Liège Liège Belgium email: afranci@uliege.be

A multiagent system should be capable of fast and flexible decision-making to successfully manage the uncertainty, variability, and dynamic change encountered when operating in the real world. Decision-making is fast if it breaks indecision as quickly as indecision becomes costly. This requires fast divergence away from indecision in addition to fast convergence to a decision. Decision-making is flexible if it adapts to signals important to successful operation, even if they are weak or rare. This requires tunable sensitivity to input for modulating regimes in which the system is ultrasensitive and in which it is robust. Nonlinearity and feedback in the decision-making process are necessary to meeting these requirements. This article reviews theoretical principles, analytical results, related literature, and applications of decentralized nonlinear opinion dynamics that enable fast and flexible decision-making among multiple options for multiagent systems interconnected by communication and belief system networks. The theory and tools provide a principled and systematic means for designing and analyzing decision-making in systems ranging from robot teams to social networks.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Nickel Micro‐spike for Micro‐scale Biopsy using LiGA Process

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2007年第1期879卷 1499-1502页

作者： Gilsub Kim Sunkil Park Kyo‐in Koo Hyun‐Min Choi Myeong‐Jun Jung Si‐Young Song Seoung‐Min Bang Dongil “Dan” Cho 1School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ASRI ERC‐NBS ISRC Seoul National University San 56‐1 Shillim‐dong Kwanak‐ku Seoul 151‐744 Korea 2Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine 134 Shinchon‐dong Seodaemun‐ku Seoul Korea

In this paper, biopsy tools are developed for minimally invasive tissue sampling using the LiGA (Lithographie Galvanoformung Abformung) process. The micro‐spike is composed of two barbed‐shanks and a body. The shank of the micro‐spike is between 2 mm ∼ 3 mm and the opening gap is approximately 350 μm between the shanks. The micro‐spike is integrated with the conventional catheter, for medical diagnostics. Tissue samples were extracted from the anesthetized pigs using biopsy catheters in vivo, and observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The amount of extracted sample is sufficient to diagnose abnormal cells.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Piezoelectric‐Crystal‐Resonator High‐Frequency Gravitational Wave Generation and Synchro‐Resonance Detection

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2006年第1期813卷 1280-1289页

作者： Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. R. Clive Woods Fangyu Li 1GRAVWAVE LLC 8123 Tuscany Avenue Playa del Rey CA 90293 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2128 Coover Hall Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011‐3060 2aMicroelectronics Research Center 2128 Coover Hall Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011‐3060 3Department of Physics Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 P.R. CHINA

Here we show the generation of high‐frequency‐gravitational‐waves (HFGWs) utilizing piezoelectric elements such as the ubiquitous Film‐Bulk‐Acoustic‐Resonators (FBARs), found in cell phones, as energized by inexpensive magnetrons, found in microwave ovens, generating GWs having a frequency of about 4.9GHz and their detection by means of new synchro‐resonance techniques developed in China. In the 1960s Weber suggested piezoelectric crystals for gravitational‐wave (GW) generation. Since then researchers have proposed specific designs. The major obstacle has been the cost of procuring, installing, and energizing a sufficient number of such resonators to generate sufficiently powerful GWs to allow for detection. Recent mass‐production techniques, spurred on by the production of cell phones, have driven the cost of resonators down. The new Chinese detector for detecting the 4.9×109Hz HFGW is a coupling‐system of fractal membranes‐beam‐splitters and a narrow, 6.1 cm‐radius, pulsed‐Gaussian‐laser or continuous‐Gaussian detection beam passing through a static 15T‐magnetic field. The detector is sensitive to GW amplitudes of ∼10−30 to be generated with signal‐to‐noise ratios greater than one. It is concluded that a cost‐effective HFGW generation and detection apparatus can now be fabricated and operated in the laboratory. If the two groups or clusters of magnetrons and FBARs were space borne and at lunar distance (e.g., at the Moon and at the lunar L3 libration point) and the quadrupole formalism approximately holds for GW radiators (the FBAR clusters) many GW wavelengths apart, then the HFGW power would be about 420 W and the flux about 2×105 Wm−2 (or more than one hundred times greater than the solar radiation flux at the Earth) focused at the focal spot, or remote‐HFGW‐emitter, anywhere in the Earth’s environs — on or below the Earth’s surface.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Control of microwave-propelled sails using delayed measurements

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2002年第1期608卷 452-456页

作者： E. Schamiloglu C. T. Abdallah D. Georgiev J. Benford G. Benford 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 2Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 3Microwave Sciences Inc. 1041 Los Arabis Lane Lafayette California 94549 4Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine 4129 Frederick Reines Hall Irvine California 92697-4575

This paper is concerned with the control of carbon fiber sail structures that are being studied in a series of experiments at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and at the University of California, Irvine. The passive dynamic stability in the one-dimensional (1-D) case was studied in an earlier paper in terms of the fixed points of the trajectories for the governing equations of motion. The simple 1-D model introduced the possibility of controlling a microwave-propelled sail using various nonlinear control strategies, using both position and velocity measurements. In the current paper, we assume that velocity measurements are unavailable, and that the position measurements are delayed (due to the finite speed of light). We then use a novel feedback that employs delayed position measurements only to stabilize the sail about an equilibrium position. The paper will also contain preliminary results on studying the stability of the full 3-D sail model, and potential control strategies.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Performance Limits of Low Bandgap Thermophotovoltaic Antimonide‐Based Cells for Low Temperature Radiators

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2003年第1期653卷 498-507页

作者： J. M. Borrego C. A. Wang P. S. Dutta G. Rajagopalan R. J. Gutmann I. B. Bhat H. Ehsani J. F. Beausang G. Nichols P. F. Baldasaro 1Center for Integrated Electronics and Electronics Manufacturing Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY ‐ 12180 2Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY ‐ 12180 3Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lexington MA ‐02420 4Lockheed Martin Inc. Schenectady NY ‐ 12301

This paper assesses the performance of antimonide‐based thermophotovoltaic cells fabricated by different technologies. In particular, the paper compares the performance of lattice matched quaternary (GaInAsSb) cells epitaxially grown on GaSb substrates to the performance of ternary (GaInSb) and binary (GaSb) cells fabricated by Zn diffusion on bulk substrates. The focus of the paper is to delineate the key performance advantages of the highest performance‐to‐date of the quaternary cells to the performance of the alternative ternary and binary antimonide‐based diffusion technology. The performance characteristics of the cells considered are obtained from PC‐1D simulations using appropriate material parameters.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：