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Ultrasound inspection of wastewater concrete pipelines—signal processing and defect characterization

AIP Conference Proceedings 2001年第1期557卷 1210-1217页

作者： Shreekanth Mandayam Kauser Jahan Douglas B. Cleary 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey 08028

This paper focuses on the development of an innovative nondestructive test procedure (system+algorithm) for characterizing defects in concrete sewer pipelines, using ultrasonic inspection. A signal processing technique is being developed that is invariant to changes in both concrete material properties and composition of wastewater. Development of such an inspection procedure will be the first step in the design of a mobile autonomous vehicle for inspecting wastewater pipeline systems. Results demonstrating the validity of the proposed approach are presented.

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Numerical design of outer diameter remote field eddy current probe for the inspection of nuclear fuel rod

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2001年第1期557卷 953-960页

作者： Young-Kil Shin Yushi Sun 1Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Kunsan National University Kunsan Chonbuk 573-701 Korea 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011

In this paper, an encircling outer diameter (OD) remote field eddy current (RFEC) probe is proposed to inspect the nuclear fuel rod. To force the electromagnetic energy from exciter coil to penetrate into the rod, shielding by laminations of iron is applied outside the exciter coil. The operating frequency and effects of shielding are studied by the finite element analysis and modeling results show the existence of RFEC effects. Based on these results, the location for an encircling OD sensor coil is decided. However, predicted signals do not clearly show defect indications when the sensor passes a defect and exhibit certain symptoms that the fields from the exciter directly affect the sensor signal. To prevent direct contact with exciter fields, the sensor coil is also shielded. This shielding of sensor coil dramatically improves signal characteristics. The resulting signals have very similar characteristics to those of inner diameter RFEC signals and show almost equal sensitivity to inner diameter and outer diameter defects.

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Thermosonic imaging for NDE

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2001年第1期557卷 478-482页

作者： L. D. Favro Xiaoyan Han Li Li Zhong Ouyang Gang Sun R. L. Thomas Austin Richards 1Department of Physics and Institute for Manufacturing Research Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 3Indigo Systems Inc. Santa Barbara California 93111

Pulsed sonic/ultrasonic excitation, combined with infrared imaging, is used to image the presence of cracks in metals. The technique is rapid (50–280 ms) and is sensitive to both surface-breaking and subsurface cracks.

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Quantitative thermal wave corrosion measurements on a DC-9 belly skin in the presence of irregular paint thickness variations

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2001年第1期557卷 483-486页

作者： Xiaoyan Han L. D. Favro Li Li Zhong Ouyang Gang Sun R. L. Thomas D. Michael Ashbaugh 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 2Department of Physics and Institute for Manufacturing Research Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 3FAA NDI Validation Center (AANC) Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87106

We report the results of thermal wave measurements of corrosion thinning on painted metal aircraft belly skins. We have developed algorithms to compensate for irregular variations in paint thickness. These algorithms ...

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3-D simulations of rigid microwave-propelled sails including spin

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2001年第1期552卷 559-564页

作者： Edl Schamiloglu Chaouki T. Abdallah Kristina A. Miller Daniel Georgiev James Benford Gregory Benford Gurkirpal Singh 1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 2Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 3Microwave Sciences Inc. 1041 Los Arabis Lane Lafayette California 94549 4Department of Physics & Astronomy University of California at Irvine 4129 Frederick Reines Hall Irvine California 92697 5Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena California 91109

This paper discusses the three-dimensional (3-D) stability of carbon fiber sail structures (beam riders) that are being studied in a series of experiments at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and U.C. Irvine by a team led by Microwave Sciences, Inc. The stability analysis is developed for a limited set of conical sail configurations, and the code described in this paper has been developed at JPL by one of the coauthors. The assumptions in the model and the principles behind the simulation, in addition to their relationship to earlier experiments utilizing disk configurations are discussed. Results of stability analyses for several beam rider configurations will be presented at the Forum.

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Micro-Raman spectroscopy of isolated single wall carbon nanotube

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2001年第1期591卷 303-307页

作者： R. Saito A. Jorio A. G. Souza Filho J. H. Hafner C. M. Lieber M. Hunter T. McClure M. A. Pimenta A. M. Rao G. Dresselhaus M. S. Dresselhaus 1Department of Electronic Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan 2Department of Physics MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139-4307 3Department of Chemistry Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 4Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139-4307 5Center for Materials Science MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139-4307 6Departmento de Fisica Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 30123-970 Belo Horizonte 30123-970 Brazil 7Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 8Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139-4307 9Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139-4307

Micro-Raman spectroscopy of an isolated single wall carbon nanotube is overviewed in connection with the recent observation of (1) the chirality-dependent G-band Raman intensity, (2) BWF line analysis and (3) D-band feature of an individual single wall carbon nanotube. The localized phonons appeared around a point defect of carbon nanotube might be relevant to D-band intensity.

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Thermodynamic characterization of a diamond-based electron emitter

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2000年第1期504卷 1313-1318页

作者： T. S. Fisher A. M. Strauss J. L. Davidson W. P. Kang 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235

This paper contains a thermodynamic analysis of electron emission from a micro-fabricated diamond tip array. The analysis is based on experimental measurements of the current-voltage characteristics of an actual device. Field enhancement, applied field, and electrical current density are shown to influence thermodynamic performance. The idealized thermodynamic analysis predicts cooling rates above 10 W/cm2 for an existing device under room temperature operation and that 100 W/cm2 may be possible for future devices.

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Water shock Hugoniot measurement up to less than 1 GPa

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2000年第1期505卷 65-68页

作者： Kunihito Nagayama Yasuhito Mori Katsuya Shimada Motonao Nakahara 1Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Hakozaki Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan 2Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka 811-0295 Japan

Shock Hugoniot compression curve for water has been measured up to less than 1 GPa. Plane and steady shock wave is produced in water by the flat plate impact of a projectile accelerated up to 500m/s by a compressed gas gun. To measure shock Hugoniot in this pressure range in higher precision, a new experimental procedure was proposed, which is based on the very large pressure dependence of the refractive index of water upon compression. By using this method, shock compression curve was determined. It was confirmed that within the pressure range covered in this experiment, shock-particle velocity Hugoniot can be described by a linear relation with a large slope. Shock temperature was calculated by using the obtained Hugoniot data combined with the values of thermodynamical variables.

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The essence of embodiment: A framework for understanding and exploiting structural coupling between system and environment

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2000年第1期517卷 649-660页

作者： Tom Quick Kerstin Dautenhahn Chrystopher L. Nehaniv Graham Roberts 1Department of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom 2Department of Cybernetics University of Reading Whiteknights Reading United Kingdom 3Department of Interactive Systems Engineering University of Hertfordshire United Kingdom

A framework for understanding and exploiting embodiment is presented which is not dependent on any specific ontological context. This framework is founded on a new definition of embodiment, based on the relational dynamics that exist between biological organisms and their environments, and inspired by the structural dynamics of the bacterium Escherichia coli. The definition draws on the idea of mutual perturbation between a system (biological organism, robot, or software agent) and its environment, enabling structural coupling between the two. The framework provides a vocabulary and concepts that can be used to discuss and analyze embodiment in any kind of environment, not just the material world. Rather than blurring boundaries between disciplines and domains, this permits the characterization of distinctions and common features between them, in a manner meaningful to all parties. Other benefits include the potential quantification of embodiment, and access to practical and theoretical ideas associated with material embodiment for those working with non-material systems. The relational embodiment definition is illustrated by ongoing experimental work in which the relational dynamics that exist between E. coli and its environment are applied in a variety of environments, both software and material, using a Cellular Automata-based system with artificial ‘sensory’ and ‘effector’ surfaces. This experimental system is also used to outline a biologically grounded, dynamical systems-based approach to the generation of behavior in a variety of operational environments, exploiting features of the embodiment framework presented.

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Growth and characterization of CdS buffer layers by CBD and MOCVD

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AIP Conference Proceedings 1999年第1期462卷 114-119页

作者： C.-H. Chang A. A. Morrone B. J. Stanbery C. McCreary M. Huang C.-H. Huang S. S. Li T. J. Anderson 0Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 2Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611

Thin film CdS has been widely used in thin-film photovoltaic devices. The most efficient Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells reported to date utilized a thin CdS buffer layer prepared by a reactive solution growth technique known as chemical bath deposition (CBD). Considerable effort has been directed to better understand the role and find a replacement for the CBD CdS process in CIGS-based solar cells. We reported a low temperature (∼150 °C) Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) CdS thin film buffer layer process for CIGS absorbers. Many prior studies have reported that CBD CdS contains a mixture of crystal structures. Recent investigations of CBD CdS thin films by ellipsometry suggested a multilayer structure. In this study we compare CdS thin films prepared by CBD and MOCVD and the effects of annealing. TED and XRD are used to characterize the crystal structure, the film microstructure is studied by HRTEM, and the optical properties are studied by Raman and spectrophotometry. All of these characterization techniques reveal superior crystalline film quality for CdS films grown by MOCVD compared to those grown by CBD. Dual Beam Optical Modulation (DBOM) studies showed that the MOCVD and CBD CdS buffer layer processes have nearly the same effect on CIGS absorbers when combined with a cadmium partial electrolyte aqueous dip.

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