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Conversion of the surface charge of Nannochloropsis sp. with cations and the adsorption test for methylene blue and methyl orange in dyes solution

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2563卷

作者： Desria Monica Buhani Mita Rilyanti Suharso Nurul Miftahza 1Postgraduate Student of Master Program in Chemistry University of Lampung Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No 1 Bandar Lampung Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Lampung Jl. Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung Indonesia

Conversion of algae biomass load of Nannochloropsis sp. (AB-N) with Na+ cations to produce algae-Na (AB- NS) as adsorbent of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) has been carried out. Adsorbent characterization using Infrared Spectrophotometer (IR) to identify functional groups on the adsorbent, and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) to analyze surface morphology and elemental composition in the adsorbent. The pH used in the MB dan MO adsorption test by the AB-NS adsorbent at pH 3-12. The optimal MB dye adsorption process at pH 12 with a removal efficiency of 75.53% while MO at pH 3 with a removal efficiency of 59%.

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The development and implementation of project-based innovative learning resources with multimedia to improve critical thinking skills in teaching cation analysis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2659卷

作者： Hardyanto Lumban Gaol Manihar Situmorang Asep Wahyu Nugraha 1Department of Chemistry Education Graduate Study Program (Program Pascasarjana) Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan North Sumatra INDONESIA 20221 2Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan North Sumatra INDONESIA 20221

Critical thinking skills are needed by scientists. This study aims to develop and implement innovative project-based learning resources with multimedia to build critical thinking skills in Cation Analysis teaching. The study was conducted at the State University of Medan, involving 60 students that grouped as experimental and control classes. The research are developing innovative project-based learning resources, standardizing, and implementing it in the teaching of Analytical Chemistry. The results of the study indicate that the standard project-based learning resource package with multimedia equipped with learning tools has been designed systematically, completely, and packaged in electronic form for blended learning. Students can complete assigned projects, starting from planning, implementing, and reporting, and practicum used in the control class. Subjective assessment of project and practicum activities showed that students’ critical thinking skills in the experimental group (M=85.16±2.42) were higher than the control group (M=76.17±4.38). An increase in learning outcomes occurred in the experimental group, as indicated by the achievement of students in the experimental class (M=78.16±6.62) which was higher than the control class (M=71.66±6.73), and the two groups were significantly different (t-test 3,88>t-table 2,04). Student competence in analytical chemistry is achieved because innovative learning resources motivate students to study optimally.

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Automating the Practice of Science – Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Musslick, Sebastian Bartlett, Laura K. Chandramouli, Suyog H. Dubova, Marina Gobet, Fernand Griffiths, Thomas L. Hullman, Jessica King, Ross D. Nathan Kutz, J. Lucas, Christopher G. Mahesh, Suhas Pestilli, Franco Sloman, Sabina J. Holmes, William R. Institute of Cognitive Science Osnabrück University Osnabrück49090 Germany Department of Cognitive Linguistic & Psychological Sciences Brown University ProvidenceRI02912 United States Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science London School of Economics Lakatos Building Houghton Street LondonWC2A 2AE United Kingdom AaltoFI-00076 Finland Department of Computing Science University of Alberta 8900 114 St NW EdmontonABT6G 2S4 Canada Cognitive Science Program Indiana University 1101 E 10th St BloomingtonIN47405 United States School of Psychology University of Roehampton LondonSW15 4JD United Kingdom Departments of Psychology and Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Computer Science Northwestern University IL United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0AS United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Department of Applied Mathematics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle98195 United States School of Informatics University of Edinburgh 10 Crichton St. EH8 9AB United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Canada Department of Psychology Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas AustinTX United States Department of Computer Science University of Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches. Furthermore, it discusses different perspectives to the following questions: Where do the greatest opportunities lie for automation in scientific practice?;What are the current bottlenecks of automating scientific practice?;and What are significant ethical and practical consequences of automating scientific practice? By discussing the motivations behind automated science, analyzing the hurdles encountered, and examining its implications, this article invites researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to navigate the rapidly evolving frontier of automated scientific practice. © 2024, CC BY.

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Red algae (Eucheuma cottonii) extract as a substrate in microbial fuel cell technology to generate electricity

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2638卷

作者： Ade Rahmawati Idris Ahyar Ahmad Abdul Karim Seniwati Dali Syarifuddin Liong Siti Fauziah Maswati Baharuddin 1Graduate Program of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Hasanuddin University Perintis Kemerdekaan Street Km. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Hasanuddin University Perintis Kemerdekaan Street Km. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 Indonesia 3Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar 92111 Indonesia

The continuous use of oil and gas fuels causes a global energy crisis and environmental pollution, so it is necessary to use renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a technology that can generate electricity by converting chemical energy into electrical energy using microorganisms as a catalyst. This research aimed to determine the potential of red algae (Eucheuma cottonii) as a substrate in MFC to generate electrical energy. This research used a dual-chamber MFC model. Anode chamber contains hydrolyzed red algae cellulose, peptone, yeast extract, KH2PO4, and methylene blue (this mixture is autoclaved before being put into the anode chamber), while the cathode chamber contains 0.2 M KMnO4 as the electrolyte solution. This reactor used Nafion 117 membrane as a proton exchange membrane. The electrical measurement was carried out every 4 hours for 48 hours. The highest power density using red algae as a substrate was 982 mW/cm2 with a value of maximum current 0.52 mA and potential different 370 mV. It is concluded that red algae (E. cottonii) extract can be employed as a subtract in the MFC system to produce electrical energy.

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Mercury bioaccumulation in crab and fish at Kayeli Bay, Buru Island

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2360卷

作者： Abraham Mariwy Yusthinus Tobias Male Sapril Paila 1Chemistry Education Study Program Faculty of Education and Teacher Training Pattimura University Ambon Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Pattimura University Ambon Indonesia

In November 2011 gold was found in large quantities in Mount Botak, Buru Island, Moluccas Province. More recently mercury has been used in the trommel method to extract gold from ores. This method requires large volumes of water for flushing and results in the deposition of mercury into the upper catchment of the Wamsait river system, which flows to Kayeli Bay. Mercury and its derivatives have long been known to be very toxic so that its presence in the aquatic environment may have adverse effects on humans because it is easily soluble and bound in the body tissues of aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to analyze the levels of mercury in Giant mud crab (Scylla serrata) and Goldband goatfish (UpenusmoluccensisBlkr) in the Kayeli Bay. Samples of Giant mud crab and Goldband Goatfish mercury levels were then analyzed using a mercury analyzer to determine the amount of mercury. The analysis showed that mercury levels in Giant mud crab samples were 0.02 mg/Kg while mercury levels in Goldband goatfish seeds sample were 0.01 mg/Kg. Standard Nasional Indonesia (INS) or Indonesia National Standard stipulates that the threshold level of mercury in fishery products and processed products should be no higher than 0.5 mg/Kg. Although the mercury level found in Giant mud crab (Scylla serrata) and Goldband goatfish (UpenusmoluccensisBlkr) in the Kayeli is considerably low, it is quite alarming. The results of this study indicate that mercury has been concentrated in the body of Giant mud crab and Goldband goatfish.

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Morphology of blood cells on a peripheral blood smear using alternative dye of jamblang extract (Syzigium cumini)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2659卷

作者： Ayu Nirmala Sari Diky Setya Diningrat Novita Sari Harahap Zulaini Kusdianti 1Biology Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Indonesia 2Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Medan Medan North Sumatra Indonesia 3Department of Sports Science Faculty of Sports Science Universitas Negeri Medan Medan North Sumatra Indonesia 4Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung West Java Indonesia

Giemsa stain is one of the synthetic stains consisting of eosin and blue methylene that are useful for staining cells. However, the use of synthetic stain turns out to have several drawbacks, some of which are not eco-friendly, quite expensive and harmful to health. Therefore, there was a need of alternative coloring that is natural, more eco-friendly, inexpensive, and especially not harmful to health. This study used alternative dye, jamblang ethanol extract (Syzigium cumini), containing anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are a class of organic chemical compounds that could dissolve in polar solvents, and were responsible for giving orange, red, purple, blue, and black colors in higher plants such as flowers, fruits, seeds, vegetables and tubers. The results of this study indicated that Giemsa stain contained eosin and blue methylene so that while in use, it could produce blood cells such as erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets whose appearance was clear under a microscope. Meanwhile, jamblang ethanol extract stain contains acidic anthocyanins so that this staining can only stain blood cells in the form of erythrocytes, if the leukocytes and platelets could not be stained properly due to leukocytes and platelets having acidic cell nuclei. Therefore, it can be concluded that the staning of Giemsa has a better quality than that of jamblang ethanol extract, but jamblang extract can be used as an alternative stain from Giemsa to indicate erythrocyte cells.

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Molecular docking analysis of tetradodecanoic from Coix essential oil as potential ACE2 inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2659卷

作者： Diky Setya Diningrat Ihsan Mulyadi Kurniawan Ayu Nirmala Sari Novita Sari Harahap Zulaini Kusdianti 1Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Medan Medan North Sumatra Indonesia 2Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung West Java Indonesia 3Biology Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Indonesia 4Department of Sports Science Faculty of Sports Science Universitas Negeri MedanMedan North Sumatra Indonesia

ACE2 an enzyme is the functional receptor to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides having antibacterial activity, Coix essential oil is also reported to have antiviral activity. There is at the moment no effective treatment for this disease. It is of interest to use a structure-based virtual screening approach for the identification of potential ACE2 inhibitors of the main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 from tetradodecanoic of Coix phytochemical compound used to treat other influenza virus infection. The crystallographic structure with PDB ID: 1R4L of ACE2 in complex with the inhibitor XX5 was used as a model in the virtual screening of tetradodecanoic collected from the GCMS analysis of Coix essential oil. Molecular docking analysis was performed using the standard AutoDock vina protocol followed by ranking and selection of compounds based on their binding affinity. This analysis reported the optimal binding features of tetradodecanoic to the active site of the ACE2 for further consideration as potential SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral.

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Tracking X-Ray Variability in Next-generation EHT Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus Targets

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ford, Nicole M. Nowak, Michael Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Haggard, Daryl Dage, Kristen Nair, Dhanya G. Chan, Chi-Kwan Department of Physics McGill University 3600 Rue University MontrealQCH3A 2T8 Canada Trottier Space Institute 3550 Rue University MontréalQCH3A 2A7 Canada Department of Physics Washington University in Saint Louis MSC 1105-109-02 One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku TurkuFI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 KylmäläFI-02540 Finland International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University GPO Box U1987 PerthWA6845 Australia Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla Concepción160-C Chile Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States

We present a 5 month NICER X-ray monitoring campaign for two low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs)—NGC 4594 and IC 1459—with complementary Swift and NuSTAR observations. Utilizing an absorbed power-law and thermal source model combined with NICER’s SCORPEON background model, we demonstrate the effectiveness of joint source–background modeling for constraining emission from faint, background-dominated targets. Both sources are dominated by nuclear power-law emission with photon indices Γ ∼ 1.5–2, with NGC 4594 being slightly harder than IC 1459. The thermal contribution in both sources is fainter, but constant, with kT ∼ 0.5 keV (∼5 × 106 K). The power-law flux and Γ are strongly anticorrelated in both sources, as has been seen for other LLAGNs with radiatively inefficient accretion flows. NGC 4594 is the brighter source and exhibits significant aperiodic variability. Its variability timescale with an upper limit of 5–7 days indicates emission originating from ≾100 rg, at the scale of the inner accretion flow. A spectral break found at ∼6 keV, while tentative, could arise from synchrotron/inverse Compton emission. This high-cadence LLAGN X-ray monitoring campaign underlines the importance of multiwavelength variability studies for a sample of LLAGNs to truly understand their accretion and outflow physics. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

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Physical properties of Gd3+ ion doped fluorotellurite glass and their radiation shielding parameter

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2540卷

作者： L. Yuliantini M. B. Sari M. Djamal K. Boonin P. Yasaka J. Kaewkhao 1Department of Physics Faculty of Military Mathematics and Natural Sciences The Republic of Indonesia Defense University Bogor 16810 Indonesia 2Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung 46132 Indonesia 3Center for Underground Physics Institute for Basic Science 55 Expo-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea 4Physics Study Program Department of Science Sumatera Institute of Technology Lampung 35365 Indonesia 5Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM) Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand 6Physics Program Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand

Currently, the utilization of X-ray and Gamma-ray have been widely increased due to their applications such as in the medical (Roentgen, PET, MRI, etc.), industrial and scientific fields. As we know, they have high energy and exposure to X-ray and Gamma-ray will be dangerous for the human body. People who work in the radiation field need protection. In the present work, we have developed glass material for radiation protection. The glass composition was (90-x)TeO2+10ZnF2+xGd2O3 where x is 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mol%. The glasses were fabricated using the conventional melt and quenching technique. The mixed material was melted at T=1050 0C for 1.5 hours and annealed at T=500 0C for 1.5 hours. Afterwards, they can be treated at room temperature for characterizations including physical, optical, and the simulation of radiation shielding properties. The physical properties of glass consist of density and molar volume. The glass density laid between 4.15 to 4.75 g/cm3 where the glass density increased by increasing Gd2O3 concentration in the glass system. Meanwhile, the molar volume of glass was found between 36.69 to 38.07 cm3/mol where the molar volume decreased with increasing of Gd2O3 content. The radiation shielding parameter such as mass attenuation coefficient (μm) and effective atomic number (Zeff) have been simulated using Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (PSD) software that is available at https://***/PSD. The response of glass material in the energy range of 0.28 – 0.66 MeV has been studied to understand their radiation shielding properties.

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Fuzzy sentiment analysis using convolutional neural network

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2329卷

作者： Sugiyarto Joko Eliyanto Nursyiva Irsalinda Meita Fitrianawati 1Mathematics Department Faculty of Applied Science and Technology Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Indonesia 2Mathematics Education Department Postgraduate Program Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Indonesia 3Elementary School Teacher Study Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Indonesia

Sentiment analysis is one part of natural language processing. Sentiment analysis can be done by lexicon based, or machine learning based. Sentiment analysis based on machine learning has advantage of dynamism to meet with new language datasets or new vocabulary. Sentiment analysis seeks to understand the sentiments contained in a sentence. A sentence can be positive, neutral or negative, based on its sentiments. A sentence can have positive, neutral or negative sentiments. However, the fact is each sentence does not always have positive, negative or neutral sentiment clearly. We try to develop a sentiment analysis method that can show the sentiment degree of a sentence. Fuzzy sentiment analysis using convolutional neural network are introduced in this paper to produce more accurate sentiment analysis results. Convolutional neural networks are a popular machine learning method for sentiment analysis. The concept of fuzzy sets is used to express the sentiment degree of a sentence. Euclidean distance analysis to determine the proximity of two vectors is used to show that this method is better than the standard method. The method we propose successfully produces a value that indicates the degree of sentiment of a sentence. Comparison of the euclid distance between the results of the standard sentiment analysis and our method shows that the results of the fuzzy sentiment analysis using convolutional neural network have a distance that is relatively close to the true sentiment value. Fuzzy convolutional neural network analysis sentiment is proven to be able to produce better and smoother sentiment analysis results than standard methods.

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