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Analysis of motor vehicle engine performance using biogas from sorghum

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： Aris Budi Sulistyo I. Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma 1Automotive Technology Program Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic 82161 Tabanan Bali Indonesia 2Master Program in Mechanical Engineering Udayana University 80361 Bukit Jimbaran Campus Badung Bali Indonesia

The production of sorghum seeds produces sorghum stalks as solid waste that has potential to be used as raw material for biogas production. The largest composition of biogas produced from fermentation is methane gas (CH4) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2). The main component contained in biogas is CH4 or methane gas which is suitable for fuel. In this case, the problems studied were how the performance of vehicle engines by utilizing biogas from sorghum raw materials. With the existing problems, it is expected that we can find out how the performance of vehicle engines is when using biogas. The advantage of biogas compared to fossil fuels is that it is environmentally friendly and renewable. This research was conducted to find out the performance of vehicles by varying its air fuel ratio (AFR) between biogas and air. Based on the results and analysis, it can be found that the maximum torque produced when using Biogas was 6.4 Nm with AFR 1: 4 at 4,500 rpm and the maximum torque produced when using gasoline was 7.8 Nm at 2nd gear 1,500 rpm but the use biogas can produce the same torque if AFR chance to 1:8 with the value of about 7.8 Nm at 2nd gear 1,500 rpm. The maximum power generated when using Biogas was 4.1 hp with AFR 1: 8 at 4,500 rpm and the maximum power generated when using gasoline is 5.5 hp at 3rd gear at 6,000 rpm. The minimum SFC produced when using biogas was 1.4 kg/kWh with AFR 1: 8 at 4,500 rpm and the minimum SFC produced when using gasoline was 0.03 kg/kWh in 3rd gear.

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Analysis of motor vehicle performance by using bioethanol from sorghum

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. Putu Gede Krisna Yoga Yasa Arif Devi Dwipayana I. Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma 1Automotive Technology Program Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic 82161 Tabanan Bali Indonesia 2Master Program in Mechanical Engineering Udayana University 80361 Bukit Jimbaran Campus Badung Bali Indonesia

In recent years, many countries increased their efforts to use biofuels as alternative fuels. One of the most widely used biofuels is bioethanol. Bioethanol is one of the bioenergy produced from plants, a renewable fuel and has a high economic value. Sweet sorghum is a type of plant that contains a lot of sugar and is very suitable for making bioethanol. This research was conducted by testing the torque and power of engine. However, it is necessary to test the extent ratio of fuel and bioethanol in order to be able to produce optimal performance on a motorcycle engine. The parameters employed in this study were torque and power produced by gasoline motors when using pure gasoline (RON 88) mixed with bioethanol and when using pure Pertamax (RON 95) fuel. From the results of research that has been done, it is known that the performance produced by pure gasoline (RON 88) mixed with bioethanol B10 where it contains 90% alcohol, produced a maximum torque of about 5.96 Nm at 6000 rpm and maximum power generated of about 5 horsepower at 6000 rpm. A mixture of bioethanol and premium was confirmed to increase the octane value of the fuel. It is expected that the octane value produced is equivalent to RON 95 so that it can reduce exhaust emissions and improve engine performance.

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Design of exhaust gas emission tester

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： Aris Budi Sulistyo Ni Wayan Widi Ayu Ariani I. Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma 1Automotive Technology Program Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic 82161 Tabanan Bali Indonesia 2Master Program in Mechanical Engineering Udayana University 80361 Bukit Jimbaran Campus Badung Bali Indonesia

The increasing number of air pollution in various big cities in Indonesia currently increases concern. The facts show that air pollutants such as Particulate Matter and 5 elements such as HC, CO, CO2, O2 and NOx exceeded the ambient air quality standard threshold. In countries that have strict vehicle exhaust emission standards, those 5 elements must be measured, but Indonesia only measured 4 elements of the exhaust gas, without NOx. Most of the existing smoke detector tools are very inefficient to be used because of their large shape. Therefore, an exhaust emission detector test instrument was made on vehicles, in order to determine the level of emission threshold value. This study used a circuit consisting of a microcontroller block, input/output block, programmer block and Sensor block. In the microcontroller block, there are three important parts, including the oscillator circuit, the reset circuit, and the voltage circuit. In this paper, the tool was designed to read the value of exhaust emissions on the vehicle and make a comparison with that in Poltrada Bali workshop emission test equipment. Results showed that this design tool detected in real time and could show the air quality from the detection results. The measurement of exhaust emissions can be done in a short time and obtain definite results. The gas sensor can be calibrated by providing the desired value through a serial programming interface to the computer.

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Synergistic thermal and surface area properties of Al₂O₃–TiO₂/water hybrid nanofluids

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Djentoe, Yokanan Gustino Widiasto, Farrel Yoga Effendi, Hilbran Tama Dida Musabbikhah Hartati, Sri Santoso, Budi Kristiawan, Budi Wijayanta, Agung Tri Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Master Program of Mechanical Engineering of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi “Warga” Surakarta Jl. Raya Solo – Baki KM 2 Grogol Sukoharjo 57552 Indonesia Department of Agricultural Technology Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Jl. Letnan Jenderal Sujono Humardani 1 Gadingan Jombor Bendosari Sukoharjo 57521 Indonesia Research Group of Sustainable Thermofluids Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

This work investigated experimentally on synergistic thermal and surface area properties of water-based Al2O3–TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles at a given volume ratio (50:50). Morphology and structure characterization were ... 详细信息

This work investigated experimentally on synergistic thermal and surface area properties of water-based Al₂O₃–TiO₂ hybrid nanoparticles at a given volume ratio (50:50). Morphology and structure characterization were performed using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Surface Area Analysis (SAA), while thermal properties were analyzed using a thermal properties analyzer. The aims of this study were to investigate morphology and structure characterization and to evaluate thermal behavior using Transient Line Heat Source (TLHS), including thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and diffusivity. TEM micrographs revealed that TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were characterized by fractal-like arrangements and quasi-spherical morphology, respectively. The structural analysis of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles reveals a mesoporous structure with curve isotherm type IV that has loop hysteresis characteristics. The thermal durability of the water-based Al₂O₃–TiO₂ hybrid nanoparticles is shown to have a strong relationship with the Moldoveanu model, confirming the trend of increasing thermal durability with a decrease in temperature as a result of increased nanoparticle mobility. According to this study, thermal behavior indicates that there are differences in temperature between 20 and 65 °C. Heat capacity increases significantly from 4 to 8 MJ/m²·K, with the fastest change occurring between 20 and 30 °C, whereas thermal diffusivity is bounded between 0 and 0.2 mm²/s. All of this highlights the potential applications in analysis and energy storage, highlighting the transfer characteristics of nanomaterials that are useful. The potential of hybrid nanofluids in long-term thermal management systems is demonstrated in this case study. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Hybrid nanofluid Specific heat Thermal conductivity Thermal property

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Use your smartphone to observe sound phenomenon and understand the concepts

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2572卷

作者： Ade Yeti Nuryantini Rizki Zakwandi Muhamad Ari Ariayuda 11Department of Physics Education State Islamic University Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Bandung Indonesia 2Master Program of Physics Education Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia 3Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

Smartphone sensors have been widely researched and published in literature by experts to be used in physics learning. This paper presents the use of smartphone sensors and applications as a measuring instrument in the classical sound wave experiment adapted from physics textbooks at school or university. Tone generator, sound meter, and audio autocorrelation were used in the experiment to visualize sound as a propagating vibration, sound waves as mechanical waves, characteristics of sound waves (loud and soft or high-pitched or low-pitched), sound range, and sound power. The experimental results presented are expected to help students understand the concept of sound waves.

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Overview of machine learning applications to battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2681卷

作者： Natthida Sukkam Thossaporn Onsree Nakorn Tippayawong 1Gradute Master’s Degree Program in Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand

Electric vehicle (EV) is increasingly becoming an alternative vehicle of choice to replace an internal combustion engine-powered car. EV concept is clearly linked to sustainable development. Generally, there are four types of EVs: hybrid, plug-in hybrid, battery, and fuel cell EVs. The form of energy source and storage plays a key role for all EVs. Mostly, a lithium-ion battery (high-voltage battery) is used as energy storage due to its high energy density and long-life cycle. But, high rates of charging and discharging bring about high temperatures of the lithium-ion battery, reducing its useful lifetime. A battery thermal management system (BTMS) is crucial in improving EV performance. Here, in this work, we presented an overview of BTMS employed in the EV development, as well as applications of machine learning techniques to predict and optimize BTMS performance based on fast-charging protocols. Additionally, BTMS based on tropical environmental conditions like in Thailand was also discussed.

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Interface Rotation in Cu/Nb Accumulative Roll Bonded (ARB) Nanolaminates

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Radchenko, Ihor Zhu, Wenxin Qing, Liu Navarro, Etienne Sahay, Rahul Lee, Pooi See Raghavan, Nagarajan Thomas, Olivier Budiman, Arief Suriadi Chen, Kai State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Nanyang Technological University Temasek Laboratories@NTU 637553 Singapore Aix Marseille Université Université de Toulon CNRS IM2NP Marseille France Xtreme Mechanics Lab 8 Somapah Road Singapore487372 Singapore Singapore487372 Singapore Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering and Technology Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath FallsOR97601 United States Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program—Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

Metal-metal nanolaminates made by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is a developing new class of structural nanocomposites that possesses high strength, good ductility, and can also be produced in bulk. These nanolaminates exhibit strong crystallographic textures and mechanical anisotropy. Yet, their mechanical properties are often measured only along rolling direction (RD). Using in situ pillar compression, we show that in-plane shear deformation mechanism in Cu(63 nm)/Nb(63 nm) ARB nanolaminate strongly depends on the shear direction. Plastic shear along the RD abruptly changes into crystallographic rotation and later into interface shear as the shear direction deviates away from the RD. The observed shear mechanisms are driven by competition between different slip systems in Cu layers and at the interface. We expect similar deformation anisotropy to happen in other ARB nanolaminates with sharp texture and interface orientation. Comprehensive characterization of such nanolaminates may require considering more than just the usual rolling/transverse/normal direction anisotropy. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anisotropy

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Study on the waste valve's stroke to water hammer pressure and flow patterns in a hydraulic ram pump

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. P. Widiarta M. Suarda I. G. K. Sukadana M. Sucipta N. M. Suantini I. N. Suweden 1Student at Master Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 2Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 3Chemistry Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 4Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia

The pressure in the hydraulic ram pump increases due to a sudden cessation of flow out through the waste valve when the waste valve is closing. The increasing of water hammer pressure is strongly influenced by velocity of the water flow in the drive pipe. Therefore, the waste valve has an important role in mechanism of the occurrence of water hammer pressure, performance, and flow patterns in the hydraulic ram pump. This study investigated the water hammer pressure and the flow patterns in the hydraulic ram pump that has been installed at Bon sub-village, as well as its performance at various strokes of the waste valve. In addition, CFD simulation using Ansys Fluent was conducted. The result show that increasing stroke of the waste valve increase the water velocity in the drive pipe and the water hammer pressure, and the optimum of the waste valve stroke has been predicted subject to volumetric and total efficiency using the equation of their trendlines. Furthermore, the flow patterns such as vortex, split flow, and blockage mass in the hydraulic ram pump have been identified.

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Development of unconventional method for mapping the surface hydrothermal alteration in Wayang Windu geothermal field

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2363卷

作者： Syafrizal Arie Naftali Hawu Hede Nurul Magrfirah 1Research Group of Earth Resource Exploration Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 2Master Program of Mining Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The Wayang Windu geothermal field, a geothermal system zone that produces energy sources located in Pengalengan and Kertasari Districts, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The interpretation of surface minerals considers the alterations in volcanic rocks that occur at the research site. The distribution of surface minerals is closely related to the fracture pattern and the position of manifestation. The testing method that we used is the X-Ray diffraction method, which aimed to identify surface minerals. Silica (cristobalite, quartz, tridymite, opal), sulfate (alunite), oxide minerals, and clay minerals (kaolinite, smectite) are minerals that are often found on the surface. Native sulfur is often found in the primary manifestation of the crater. X-Ray Fluorescence is used to determine the main elements and traces in a sample. Andesite and andesite-basaltic-rock are rock types that are found in the research area. The XRF analysis results show that the SiO2 distribution is inversely proportional to the Al2O3, Fe2O3, and K2O distributions.

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Assessment of manufacturing readiness level in *** (case study: Technology on hospital bed products)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2217卷

作者： Fadli Syamsuddin Yusuf Priyandari Susanto Sudiro 1Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia 2Master of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Pancasila Jakarta Indonesia

Escalation on medical devices demand makes the medical device industry must be able to bring new product innovations to the market in a shorter time. Likewise, PT. ABC, which produces hospital beds, is always required to make new product innovations. PT. ABC considers that the time needed to develop new products to be able to enter the market is still quite long. That is because new products require different manufacturing preparations from previous products. Thus, an assessment of the manufacturing readiness at PT. ABC, especially on the technology of hospital bed products, is necessary. The methodology employed in evaluating manufacturing readiness is manufacturing readiness level (MRL) model from the United States Department of Defense. Nevertheless, the MRL assessment only focused on quality management thread. The assessment of manufacturing readiness level carried out in two stages, namely the TRL and MRL self-judgment from the company and the TRL assessment stage as preliminary research, and the MRL assessment stage. On the MRL assessment stage, specific questions were described for assessment of the quality management readiness of the manufacture to produce the new hospital bed technology. The result of the assessment shows that the technology in the hospital bed has reached level 5 TRL, while for the level of manufacturing readiness in the quality management thread reaches level 4 MRL, which indicates the company has been able to produce the hospital bed in a laboratory environment.

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