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Multi-scale network for single image deblurring based on ensemble learning module

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 9045-9064页

作者： Wu, WenBo Pan, Yun Su, Na Wang, JingTao Wu, ShaoChuan Xu, ZeKun Yu, YouJian Liu, YaPeng State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication Communication University of China Beijing100024 China School of Computer and Cyberspace Security Communication University of China Beijing100024 China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China College of Computer and Control Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin150040 China School of Computer and Information Engineering Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin300384 China School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China

In this paper, we have identified two primary issues with current multi-scale image deblurring methods. On the one hand, the blurring scale is ignored. On the other hand, the context information of images is not fully utilized, and the spatial detail information of images is lost. To better solve the above problems, on top of that, this paper proposes a multi-scale network for single image deblurring. The designed network contains two parts: 1) Ensemble Learning Model: The Weak Learning Model in this module connects multiple weak learners in series to increase network depth. Moreover, through multi-scale feature ensemble module, the output features and intermediate features of different weak learner are integrated, and finally strong learner is used to enhance the features with semantic information at different scales;2) Spatial Feature Enhancement Module: This module can preserve spatial detail information of images and compensate for the disadvantages of losing image spatial details due to continuous downsampling in the Ensemble Learning Model structure. Our proposed deblurring model has been extensively evaluated on several benchmark datasets, and the model achieves superior performance compared to the most advanced deblurring methods. In particular, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) values are 33.57 dB and 0.965 on the GoPro dataset, respectively, with PSNR and SSIM improving by 0.49 dB and 0.002 over NAFNet, and 0.65 dB and 0.004 over Restormer. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Learning systems

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Radio Signal Modulation Pattern Recognition Based on Time-Frequency Adaptive Decomposition and Hybrid Neural Network

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Dai, Shaogang Xu, Jianwei Zhou, Huaji Hangzhou Dianzi University School of communication engineering Hangzhou310018 China Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory Jiaxing314000 China

Automatic modulation classification of electromagnetic signals has an important role in the field of signal processing. The current methods for identifying the modulation pattern of radio signals mainly used end-to-end neural network models, which suffered from the problems such as network redundancy and non-interpretability. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a radio signal modulation pattern recognition method based on time-frequency adaptive decomposition and hybrid neural network. The discrete wavelet decomposition is used to decompose the original radio signals into adaptive high and low frequencies. Then feed the resulting high and low frequency portions into a multi-channel hybrid neural network (MHNN) for training to obtain the classification results. In the discrete wavelet decomposition process, the number of decomposition layers and the decomposition threshold are determined adaptively according to the difference of SNRs. In the design of multi-path hybrid neural network structure, the signal characteristics of high and low frequency parts are considered comprehensively. The network channels with different convolutional kernel scales and different layers are constructed to reduce the number of model parameters and training time while ensuring the classification accuracy. Using RadioML2016.10a dataset for experiments, the recognition accuracy of MHNN is prior to the end-to-end deep learning methods, which can achieve the accuracy of 92.30% and the F1 of 91.84% when SNR=2dB. It shows that the proposed radio signal modulation pattern recognition method based on the time-frequency adaptive decomposition and hybrid neural network can balance the accuracy and lightweight. Moreover, it has certain interpretability for the original input data, distinguishing the main body and details of the signal by dividing the signal into high and low frequencies, which provides a new idea for the interpretability of deep convolutional neural networks. ©

关键词： Signal modulation

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OS-SEI: Open-Set Specific Emitter Identification Based on Outlier Exposure and Label Smoothing

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Wang, Juzhen Wang, Hanhong Wang, Wei Zha, Haoran Hangzhou Dianzi University School of Communication Engineering Hangzhou310018 China Binjiang Institute of Artificial Intelligence of Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310052 China Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory Jiaxing314033 China Harbin Engineering University College of Information and Communication Engineering Harbin150009 China

Specific Emitter Identification (SEI), based on the inevitable hardware imperfections of emitters, plays a crucial role in physical layer security, independent of upper-layer cryptographic methods. In recent years, SEI combined with deep learning has demonstrated exceptional performance and considerable potential. However, most SEI methods are designed for closed, independent identically distributed environments, which contrasts with real-world open scenarios. This discrepancy leads to significant security vulnerabilities when deploying models in practical applications. To address this challenge, we propose a novel Open-Set SEI (OS-SEI) framework, Outlier Exposure with Label Smoothing (OELS), which utilizes partial exposure to auxiliary anomalous data during the training phase and introduces specific loss functions to mitigate the open-set risk. By constructing smooth decision boundaries through label smoothing and applying thresholds to class confidence, our SEI framework demonstrates robust open-set authentication capabilities. Extensive experiments conducted on ADS-B and WiFi datasets show that the OELS method achieves outstanding open-set recognition performance, with F1 scores of 83.77% and 93.14% at an openness level of 0.10557. Furthermore, ablation experiments confirm the effectiveness and potential of our framework’s components. By increasing the diversity of auxiliary unknown data, we further improve performance in OS-SEI tasks. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware security

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Breather dynamics in an optomechanical array with staggered coupling

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Physical Review A 2025年第3期111卷 033502-033502页

作者： Yuan Zhao Yiheng Hou Yu Wang Zhuo Fan Wei Peng Qin Zhou Siliu Xu Shihua Chen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensing and Intelligent Control Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 China School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Xianning Medical College Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 China Research Center of Nonlinear Science School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China School of Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China

We present an approach toward generating highly controllable breathers, using an array of staggered optomechanical cavities that feature alternating coupling strengths. Four different types of breather states as well as stable two-soliton states are demonstrated to form in such an optomechanical array, thanks to the interplay between the photon-hopping induced tunneling effect and the photon-phonon coupling in the optomechanical cell. It is seen that both their photonic and phononic wave components manifest quasi-periodic oscillatory patterns and coherent localization. We unveil that such breather dynamics can be well controlled by adjusting the coupling strength, the cavity field decay, and the number of array cells. As a result, we observe an unusual odd-even lattice effect in that stable breathers are only available when the cell number is even. We anticipate that these findings from the staggered optomechanical configuration may expand the realm of cavity optomechanics, yielding promising applications such as on-chip manipulation of light propagation.

关键词： Solitons

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Sensing With Random communication Signals

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IEEE Network 2025年

作者： Lu, Shihang Liu, Fan Xiong, Yifeng Du, Zhen Cui, Yuanhao Li, Shuangyang Yuan, Weijie Yang, Jie Jin, Shi Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing100876 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing210044 China Technical University of Berlin Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Berlin10587 Germany Shenzhen518055 China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security China Southeast University MOE Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Nanjing211189 China

communication-centric Integrated Sensing and communication (ISAC) has been recognized as a promising methodology to implement wireless sensing functionality over existing network architectures, due to its cost-effectiveness and backward compatibility to legacy cellular systems. However, the inherent randomness of the communication signal may incur huge fluctuations in sensing capabilities, leading to unfavorable detection and estimation performance. To address this issue, we elaborate on random ISAC signal processing methods in this article, aiming at improving the sensing performance without unduly deteriorating the communication functionality. Specifically, we commence by discussing the fundamentals of sensing with random communication signals, including the performance metrics and optimal ranging waveforms. Building on these concepts, we then present a general framework for random ISAC signal transmission, followed by an in-depth exploration of time-domain pulse shaping, frequency-domain constellation shaping, and spatial-domain precoding methods. We provide a comprehensive overview of each of these topics, including models, results, and design guidelines. Finally, we conclude this article by identifying several promising research directions for random ISAC signal transmission. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile telecommunication systems

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Sensing With Random communication Signals

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Lu, Shihang Liu, Fan Xiong, Yifeng Du, Zhen Cui, Yuanhao Li, Shuangyang Yuan, Weijie Yang, Jie Jin, Shi National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technical University of Berlin Berlin10587 Germany Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security and also The Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Southeast University Nanjing211189 China

关键词： Signaling

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RainGaugeNet: CSI-Based Sub-6 GHz Rainfall Attenuation Measurement and Classification for ISAC Applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Yan Yang, Jie Huang, Yixuan Yang, Tao Wen, Chao-Kai Jin, Shi The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Institute of Water Science and Technology Hohai University Nanjing210098 China The Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Nanjing210096 China

Rainfall impacts daily activities and can lead to severe hazards such as flooding. Traditional rainfall measurement systems often lack granularity or require extensive infrastructure. While the attenuation of electromagnetic waves due to rainfall is well-documented for frequencies above 10 GHz, sub-6 GHz bands are typically assumed to experience negligible effects. However, recent studies suggest measurable attenuation even at these lower frequencies. This study presents the first channel state information (CSI)-based measurement and analysis of rainfall attenuation at 2.8 GHz. The results confirm the presence of rain-induced attenuation at this frequency, although classification remains challenging. The attenuation follows a power-law decay model, with the rate of attenuation decreasing as rainfall intensity increases. Additionally, rainfall onset significantly increases the delay spread. Building on these insights, we propose RainGaugeNet, the first CSI-based rainfall classification model that leverages multipath and temporal features. Using only 20 seconds of CSI data, RainGaugeNet achieved over 90% classification accuracy in line-of-sight scenarios and over 85% in non-line-of-sight scenarios, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel state information

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Research on the Construction of a Novel Cyberspace security Ecosystem

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Engineering 2018年第1期4卷 47-52页

作者： Xiao-Niu Yang Wei Wang Xiao-Feng Xu Guo-Rong Pang Chun-Lei Zhang Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory Jiaxing Zhejiang 314033 China Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory Tianfin 300300 China

Given the challenges facing the cyberspace of the nation, this paper presents the tripartite theory of cyberspace, based on the status quo of cyberspace. Corresponding strategies and a research architecture are proposed for common public networks （C space）, secure classified networks （S space）, and key infras- tructure networks （K space）, based on their individual characteristics. The features and security require- ments of these networks are then discussed. Taking C space as an example, we introduce the SMCRC （which stands for ＂situation awareness, monitoring and management, cooperative defense, response and recovery, and countermeasures and traceback＂） loop for constructing a cyberspace security ecosys- tem. Following a discussion on its characteristics and information exchange, our analysis focuses on the critical technologies of the SMCRC loop. To obtain more insight into national cyberspace security, special attention should be paid to global sensing and precise mapping, continuous detection and active manage- ment, cross-domain cooperation and systematic defense, autonomous response and rapid processing, and accurate traceback and countermeasure deterrence.

关键词： Cyberspace security ecosystem SMCRC loop Tripartite theory of cyberspace

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Deep radio signal clustering with interpretability analysis based on saliency map

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Digital communications and Networks 2024年第5期10卷 1448-1458页

作者： Huaji Zhou Jing Bai Yiran Wang Junjie Ren Xiaoniu Yang Licheng Jiao School of Artificial Intelligence Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory Jiaxing314033China

With the development of information technology,radio communication technology has made rapid *** radio signals that have appeared in space are difficult to classify without manually *** radio signal clustering methods have recently become an urgent need for this ***,the high complexity of deep learning makes it difficult to understand the decision results of the clustering models,making it essential to conduct interpretable *** paper proposed a combined loss function for unsupervised clustering based on *** combined loss function includes reconstruction loss and deep clustering *** clustering loss is added based on reconstruction loss,which makes similar deep features converge more in feature *** addition,a features visualization method for signal clustering was proposed to analyze the interpretability of autoencoder utilizing Saliency *** experiments have been conducted on a modulated signal dataset,and the results indicate the superior performance of our proposed method over other clustering *** particular,for the simulated dataset containing six modulation modes,when the SNR is 20dB,the clustering accuracy of the proposed method is greater than 78%.The interpretability analysis of the clustering model was performed to visualize the significant features of different modulated signals and verified the high separability of the features extracted by clustering model.

关键词： Unsupervised radio signal clustering Autoencoder Clustering features visualization Deep learning interpretability

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Open World Recognition of communication Jamming Signals

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China communications 2023年第6期20卷 199-214页

作者： Yan Tang Zhijin Zhao Jie Chen Shilian Zheng Xueyi Ye Caiyi Lou Xiaoniu Yang School of Communication Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory Jiaxing 314033China

To improve the recognition ability of communication jamming signals,Siamese Neural Network-based Open World Recognition(SNNOWR)is *** algorithm can recognize known jamming classes,detect new(unknown)jamming classes,and unsupervised cluseter new *** network of SNN-OWR is trained supervised with paired input data consisting of two samples from a known *** the one hand,the network is required to have the ability to distinguish whether two samples are from the same *** the other hand,the latent distribution of known class is forced to approach their own unique Gaussian distribution,which is prepared for the subsequent open set *** the test,the unknown class detection process based on Gaussian probability density function threshold is designed,and an unsupervised clustering algorithm of the unknown jamming is realized by using the prior knowledge of known *** simulation results show that when the jamming-to-noise ratio is more than 0d B,the accuracy of SNN-OWR algorithm for known jamming classes recognition,unknown jamming detection and unsupervised clustering of unknown jamming is about 95%.This indicates that the SNN-OWR algorithm can make the effect of the recognition of unknown jamming be almost the same as that of known jamming.

关键词： communication jamming signals Siamese Neural Network Open World Recognition unsupervised clustering of new jamming type Gaussian probability density function

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