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Layer-Wise External Attention by Well-Localized Attention Map for Efficient Deep Anomaly Detection

SN computer science 2024年第5期5卷 592页

作者： Nakanishi, Keiichi Shiroma, Ryo Hayakawa, Tokihisa Katafuchi, Ryoya Tokunaga, Terumasa Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu Fukuoka-ken Iizuka-shi 820-8502 Japan Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu Fukuoka-ken Iizuka-shi 820-8502 Japan

The external attention mechanism offers a promising approach to enhance image anomaly detection (Hayakawa et al., in: IMPROVE, pp. 100-–110, 2023). Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this method is contingent upon the judicious selection of an intermediate layer with external attention. In this study, we performed a comprehensive series of experiments to clarify the mechanisms through which external attention improves detection performance. We assessed the performance of the LEA-Net (Hayakawa et al., in: IMPROVE, pp. 100–110, 2023), which implements layer-wise external attention, using MVTec AD and Plant Village datasets. The detection performances of the LEA-Net were compared with that of the baseline model under different anomaly maps generated by three unsupervised approaches. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the detection performance of LEA-Net and the selection of an attention point, which means an intermediate layer where external attention is applied. The findings reveal that the synergy between the dataset and the generated anomaly map influenced the effectiveness of the LEA-Net. For poorly localized anomaly maps, the selection of the attention point becomes a pivotal factor in determining detection efficiency. At shallow attention points, a well-localized attention map successfully notably improves the detection performance. For deeper attention points, the overall intensity of the attention map is essential;this intensity can be substantially amplified by layer-wise external attention, even for a low-intensity anomaly map. Overall, the results suggest that for layer-wise external attention, the positional attributes of anomalies hold greater significance than the overall intensity or visual appearance of the anomaly map. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Anomaly detection Deep learning MVTec AD Plant science Self-attention Visual attention mechanism Visual inspection AI

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A New Cybersecurity Approach Enhanced by xAI-Derived Rules to Improve Network Intrusion Detection and SIEM

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 1607-1621页

作者： Federica Uccello Marek Pawlicki Salvatore D'Antonio RafałKozik MichałChoras Centro Direzionale Department of EngineeringUniversity of Naples‘Parthenope’Isola C4Napoli80133Italy Department of Computer and Information Science Software and SystemsLinköping UniversityLinköping58183Sweden ITTI Sp.z o.o. Pozna´n61-612Poland Faculty of Telecommunications Computer Science and Electrical EngineeringBydgoszcz University of Science and TechnologyBydgoszcz85-796Poland

The growing sophistication of cyberthreats,among others the Distributed Denial of Service attacks,has exposed limitations in traditional rule-based Security Information and Event Management *** machine learning–based intrusion detection systems can capture complex network behaviours,their“black-box”nature often limits trust and actionable insight for security *** study introduces a novel approach that integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence—xAI—with the Random Forest classifier to derive human-interpretable rules,thereby enhancing the detection of Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)*** proposed framework combines traditional static rule formulation with advanced xAI techniques—SHapley Additive exPlanations and Scoped Rules-to extract decision criteria from a fully trained *** methodology was validated on two benchmark datasets,CICIDS2017 and *** rules were evaluated against conventional Security Information and Event Management systems rules with metrics such as precision,recall,accuracy,balanced accuracy,and Matthews Correlation *** results demonstrate that xAI-derived rules consistently outperform traditional static ***,the most refined xAI-generated rule achieved near-perfect performance with significantly improved detection of DDoS traffic while maintaining high accuracy in classifying benign traffic across both datasets.

关键词： Cybersecurity explainable artificial intelligence intrusion detection system rule-based SIEM distributed denial of service

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Prediction of room temperature in Trombe solar wall systems using machine learning algorithms

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Energy Storage and Saving 2024年第4期3卷 243-249页

作者： Seyed Hossein Hashemi Zahra Besharati Seyed Abdolrasoul Hashemi Seyed Ali Hashemi Aziz Babapoor Petroleum Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaReginaSK S4S 0A2Canada Department of Chemical Engineering University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabil 13131-56199Iran Department of Chemistry School of ScienceAlzahra UniversityTehran ***Iran Computer Engineering Gachsaran Oil and Gas Exploitation CompanyGachsaran ***Iran Architectural Engineering Shiraz Islamic Azad UniversityShiraz ***Iran

A Trombe wall-heating system is used to absorb solar energy to heat *** parameters affect the system performance for optimal *** study evaluated the performance of four machine learning algorithms—linear regression,k-nearest neighbors,random forest,and decision tree—for predicting the room temperature in a Trombe wall *** accuracy of the algorithms was assessed using R^(2)and root mean squared error(RMSE)*** results demonstrated that the k-nearest neighbors and random forest algorithms exhibited superior performance,with R^(2)and RMSE values of 1 and *** contrast,linear regression and decision tree showed weaker *** findings highlight the potential of advanced machine learning algorithms for accurate room temperature prediction in Trombe wall systems,enabling informed design decisions to enhance energy efficiency.

关键词： Trombe wall Solar energy Thermal storage wall Machine learning algorithms

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Improving Motor Imagery Classification in BCI systems Using EMD and Multi-Layer CNNs 14

Improving Motor Imagery Classification in BCI Systems Using ...

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14th International Conference on computer and Knowledge engineering, ICCKE 2024

作者： Arghand, Reza Chaibakhsh, Ali Radman, Moein University of Guilan Intelligent Systems and Advanced Control Lab Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Rasht Guilan41996-13776 Iran University of Essex Brain-Computer Interfacing and Neural Engineering Laboratory School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering ColchesterCO4 3SQ United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798331511272

Brain-computer Interface (BCI) systems are relatively new technologies that could play a significant role in aiding the recovery of impaired activities resulting from neuromuscular disabilities in affected individuals. Accurate recognition and classification of motor imagery in BCI systems present a challenge, leading to extensive research in recent years aimed at improving the accuracy of these systems. In this study, a combination of the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method and a multi-layer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed. Initially, the signal is decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) using EMD, and all IMFs across all trials are analyzed to select the best ones, which are then fed into the CNN as inputs. Additionally, the study incorporates the fusion of three CNN networks, each corresponding to a different IMF. The features extracted from these networks are combined and used to train an SVM classifier. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 86.1% on the BCI-2a 2008 dataset, outperforming other state-of-the-art approaches. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Brain computer interface

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A language for graph database evolution and its implementation in Neo4j 42

A language for graph database evolution and its implementati...

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42nd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling: ER Forum, 7th Symposium on Conceptual Modeling Education, SCME 2023, Project Exhibitions, Posters and Demos, and Doctoral Consortium, ER-Companion 2023

作者： Hausler, Dominique Klettke, Meike Störl, Uta University of Regensburg Data Engineering Group Faculty of Informatics and Data Science Bajuwarenstrasse 4 Regensburg93053 Germany University of Hagen Chair of Databases and Information Systems Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Universitätsstrasse 1 Hagen58084 Germany

In this article, we present an evolution language for graph databases and a method to realize evolution operations on graph databases and their schema. Graph database management systems like Neo4j can be used for different scenarios: they can store graphs where no semantic constraints are checked. It is also possible to use them to store graphs where the structure of nodes and relationships is regular, for example, because the nodes and relationships of a graph have been generated by an application. In the latter case, these structures may change, that means they can undergo evolution. Currently, there is no established evolutionary language for graphs. However, evolution operations (such as add, rename, delete, merge, copy, split and move) have already been developed for other database models. In this article, we will not only use the established evolution operations but additionally extend the operations appropriated. After analyzing evolution operators explicitly in the context of graph databases, we also created a new graph-specific operation: transform. Moreover, we suggest an evolution language to graph data and show how it can be executed on the graph database schema as well as on the instances (i.e. the graphs themselves). In doing so, some operations can be implemented native based on Cypher, others non-native using the APOC library for Neo4j. © 2023 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： evolution graph databases evolution graph evolution language graph schema description

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Design of Scatterer Configuration for Spectral Optimization of Random Lasers

Design of Scatterer Configuration for Spectral Optimization ...

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2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO-PR 2022

作者： Okamoto, Takashi Kajisa, Kouki Ohshige, Ryo Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu Fukuoka Iizuka820-8502 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350012

The two-dimensional structure of a random gain medium was designed to obtain the specified emission spectrum from a random laser. Structural optimization was performed using a direct binary search method. The simulation results showed that the emitted light can be concentrated within one or more specific wavelength ranges. The effect of the fabrication errors on the optimized laser emission spectrum was also examined. © IEEE 2022.

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Design of Scatterer Configuration for Spectral Optimization of Random Lasers

Design of Scatterer Configuration for Spectral Optimization ...

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2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO/PR 2022

作者： Okamoto, Takashi Kajisa, Kouki Ohshige, Ryo Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu Fukuoka Iizuka820-8502 Japan

关键词： Structural optimization

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LIMIT THEOREMS FOR β-LAGUERRE AND β-JACOBI ENSEMBLES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2022年第5期42卷 2025-2039页

作者： Naqi HUANG Yutao MA Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer ScienceDelft University of TechnologyMekelweg 42628 CD DelftThe Netherlands School of Mathematical Sciences&Laboratory of Mathematics and Complea Systems of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

We use tridiagonal models to study the limiting behavior of β-Laguerre and β-Jacobi ensembles,focusing on the limiting behavior of the extremal eigenvalues and the central limit theorem for the two *** the central limit theorem of β-Laguerre ensembles,we follow the idea in[1]while giving a modified version for the generalized *** we use the total variation distance between the two sorts of ensembles to obtain the limiting behavior of β-Jacobi ensembles.

关键词： beta-ensembles largest and smallest eigenvalues central limit theorem total variationdistance

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Design and Analysis of Dynamic Block-Setup Reservation Algorithm for 5G Network Slicing

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2023年第9期22卷 5140-5154页

作者： Hsieh, Cheng-Ying Phung-Duc, Tuan Ren, Yi Chen, Jyh-Cheng National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Computer Science Hsinchu300 Taiwan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems Tsukuba305-8577 Japan University of East Anglia School of Computing Sciences NorwichNR4 7TJ United Kingdom

In 5G, network functions can be scaled out/in dynamically to adjust the capacity for network slices. The scale-out/-in procedure, namely autoscaling, enhances performance by scaling out instances and reduces operational costs by scaling in instances. However, the autoscaling problems in 5G networks are different from those in traditional cloud computing. The 5G network functions must be considered the simultaneous deployment of multiple instances;moreover, the deployment of 5G network functions is more frequent than that of traditional cloud computing. Both the number and timing of deployment will substantially affect the cost-effectiveness of the system. In this paper, we first identify the autoscaling issues specifically based on the 3GPP standards. We develop a low-complexity analytical queuing model to formulate the problem and quantify a set of performance metrics with closed-form solutions. The proposed analytical model and closed-form solutions are cross-validated by extensive simulations. The analytical model offers design insights and theoretical guidelines, helping us study the effectiveness of reservations. We proposed a dynamic block-setup reservation algorithm (DBRA) to find the optimal reserved number and threshold value of network slices. Therefore, mobile operators can balance the system's cost-effectiveness without large-scaled testing and real deployment, saving cost on time and money. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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Diverse experiences by active travel for carbon neutrality:A longitudinal study of residential context,daily travel and experience types

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 459-469页

作者： Karl Samuelsson S.Anders Brandt Stephan Barthel Noah Linder Nancy Joy Lim David Hallman Matteo Giusti Department of Building Engineering Energy Systems and Sustainability ScienceFaculty of Engineering and Sustainable DevelopmentUniversity of Gävle 80176 GävleSweden ISGlobal Barcelona Biomedical Research ParkDoctor Aiguader 8808003 BarcelonaSpain Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable DevelopmentUniversity of Gävle 80176 GävleSweden Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University 10691 StockholmSweden Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Royal Swedish Academy of ScienceLilla Frescativägen 4A 11418 StockholmSweden Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology Faculty of Health and Occupational StudiesUniversity of Gävle 80176 GävleSweden School of Sustainability Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK

Two key goals for sustainable spatial planning are to promote low-carbon travel in daily life and to enhance human wellbeing through diverse human-environment ***,the integration of these goals has been *** study investigates the potential for experiential diversity via active travel in different resi-dential contexts within the Gävle city-region,*** 15 months,we collected spatiotemporal data from 165 participants,analyzing 4,362 reported experiences and 13,192 GPS-derived travel *** analysis uncovered a significant spatial discrepancy:while the travelled distances to locations of positive experiences typ-ically ranged from 1.5 km to 5 km,active travel predominated only within 1.5 *** discrepancy persisted across urban,suburban,and peripheral *** residents in different contexts reported the same types of experiences,urban dwellers travelled about 50%farther for nature experiences compared with other positive experiences,whereas peripheral dwellers travelled twice the distance for urbanicity experiences compared with other positive ***,urban residents mostly relied on active travel for urbanicity experiences and motorised travel for nature experiences,with the reverse trend observed among peripheral *** results illustrate the importance of spatial scale for promoting diverse positive experiences via active travel,re-gardless of residential *** planning strategies may include enhancing environmental diversity near homes and developing infrastructure that favours active over motorised travel for short to moderate distances.

关键词： Walking Biking Experiential diversity GPS data Smartphone app Topodiversity

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