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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Jiaxing Zhu, Ping Escande, Dominique Franck State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Aix-Marseille Université CNRS PIIM UMR 7345 Marseille France

The density limit is one of the major obstacles to achieving the desired fusion performance in tokamaks. However, the underlying physics mechanism for its recently observed power dependence in experiments has not been well understood or predicted in theory. In this work, the power dependent scalings of density limit are obtained based on the plasma-wall self-organization theory [D.F. Escande 2022 NF], which are able to match the power dependence of density limits in multiple tokamak devices. The key factors influencing the power dependence are found to be the plasma-wall sputtering and the particle confinement time. The effects of non-sputtered impurities and fusion products are further evaluated. This PWSO-density limit model is then extended to the burning plasma regime and used to predict the conditions for entering burning plasma. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tokamak devices

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Effects of Boundary Current on electromagnetic Dispersion Characteristics for a Relativistic Electron Beam

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Plasma Science and technology 2016年第1期18卷 51-57页

作者：肖集雄曾中夏冬辉王之江刘昌海 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

With betatron oscillation characteristics of the electron beam and ion channel effect taken into account,dispersion characteristics of electrostatic modes and TM modes for a relativistic electron beam guided by ion channel are *** relations are derived and solved numerically to investigate the dependence of the dispersion characteristics for electrostatic modes and TM modes on the betatron oscillation frequency and the ratio of the relativistic electron beam radius to the waveguide *** effects of the boundary current on the dispersion characteristic of the TM modes and the interaction between the betatron modes and TM modes are *** considering the boundary current,for a strong ion channel,a new low-frequency branch of the TM modes arises and the interaction frequency between the betatron modes and the TM01modes is increased with the same parameters.

关键词： dispersion characteristics electromagnetic eigenmodes betatron oscillation ion channel

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Grid Forming Converters in Renewable Energy Sources Dominated Power Grid:Control Strategy,Stability,Application,and Challenges

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1239-1256页

作者： Haobo Zhang Wang Xiang Weixing Lin Jinyu Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology TBEA Sunoasis Company Ltd. the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

The renewable energy sources(RESs)dominated power grid is an envisaged infrastructure of the future power system,where the commonly used grid following(GFL)control for grid-tied converters suffers from lacking grid support capability,low stability,***,emerging grid forming(GFM)control methods have been proposed to improve the dynamic performance and stability of grid-tied *** paper reviews existing GFM control methods for the grid-tied converters and compares them in terms of control structure,grid support capability,fault current limiting,and *** the impact of fault current limiting strategies,a comprehensive transient stability analysis is *** addition,this paper explores the typical applications of GFM converters,such as AC microgrid and offshore wind farm high-voltage direct current(OWF-HVDC)integration ***,the challenges to the GFM converters in future applications are discussed.

关键词： Grid following(GFL)control grid forming(GFM)control high-voltage direct current(HVDC) microgrid renewable energy small-signal stability transient stability

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Photonic axion insulator

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6730期387卷 162-166页

作者： Liu, Gui-Geng Mandal, Subhaskar Xi, Xiang Wang, Qiang Devescovi, Chiara Morales-Pérez, Antonio Wang, Ziyao Yang, Linyun Banerjee, Rimi Long, Yang Meng, Yan Zhou, Peiheng Gao, Zhen Chong, Yidong García-Etxarri, Aitzol Vergniory, Maia G. Zhang, Baile Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Research Center for Industries of the Future Department of Electronic and Information Engineering School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou China School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing China Donostia International Physics Center Donostia-San Sebastian Spain Institute for Theoretical Physics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Material and Applied Physics Department University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Donostia-San Sebastián Spain Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials Key Laboratory of Multi-spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Dresden Germany Département de Physique et Institut Quantique Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Canada

Axions, hypothetical elementary particles that remain undetectable in nature, can arise as quasiparticles in three-dimensional crystals known as axion insulators. Previous implementations of axion insulators have largely been limited to two-dimensional systems, leaving their topological properties in three dimensions unexplored in experiment. Here, we realize an axion insulator in a three-dimensional photonic crystal and probe its topological properties. Demonstrated features include half-quantized Chern numbers on each surface that resembles a fractional Chern insulator, unidirectional chiral hinge states forming topological transport in three dimensions, and arithmetic operations between fractional and integer Chern numbers. Our work experimentally establishes the axion insulator as a three-dimensional topological phase of matter and enables chiral states to form complex, unidirectional three-dimensional networks through braiding.

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A Profit-Sharing Mechanism for Coordinated Power-Traffic System

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sima, Tianyu Yan, Mingyu Wen, Jianfeng Luo, Wensheng Malinowski, Mariusz State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 3GJ United Kingdom School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland

During the scheduling process, the traffic network operator (TNO) and the distribution network operator (DNO) act non-cooperatively. Under the TNO's management, the distribution of charging loads may exacerbate the local supply-demand imbalance in the power distribution network (PDN), which negatively impacts the economic operation of the PDN. This paper proposes a profit-sharing mechanism based on the principle of incentive compatibility for coordinating the traffic network (TN) and the PDN to minimize the operation cost of PDN. Under this mechanism, the scheduling process of the power-traffic system is divided into two stages. At the pre-scheduling stage, the TNO allocates traffic flow and charging loads without considering the operation of the PDN, after which the DNO schedules and obtains the original cost. At the rescheduling stage, the DNO shares part of benefits of the optimal operation to the TNO to re-dispatch the EVs’ charging to obtain a more effective charging plan, thus minimize the overall cost of PDN. Then, a bilevel model is developed to simulate the operation of the power-traffic system with the proposed sharing scheme and identify the best sharing ratio. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the PDN can achieve the minimum total cost and simultaneously the TN can also benefit from the proposed profit-sharing mechanism. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Profitability

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High-contrast in vivo fluorescence imaging exploiting wavelengths beyond 1880 nm

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-12页

作者： Li, Jiayi Xia, Qiming Wu, Tianxiang Zhang, Yuhuang Peng, Shiyi Li, Yifei Li, Yixuan Lin, Hui Zhang, Mingxi Qian, Jun State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of General Surgery Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

The second near-infrared (NIR-II) window is widely acknowledged for its excellent potential in in vivo fluorescence imaging. Currently, NIR-II fluorescence imaging predominantly operates within the 900-1880 nm spectral range, while the region beyond 1880 nm has been disregarded due to the large light absorption of water. Based on a refined understanding of the effect of light absorption on imaging, we propose an approach that utilizes the previously neglected region surrounding the water absorption peak at ~1930 nm for imaging. Both simulations and experiments confirm that the water absorption contributes positively to imaging, enabling high-contrast in vivo fluorescence imaging in the 1880-2080 nm window. To further assess the applicability of this approach in different biological media, we extend our focus to fluorescence imaging in adipose tissue. This leads to the expansion of the imaging window to 1700-2080 nm, owing to the unique light absorption characteristics of adipose tissue. Our results demonstrate that the 1700-2080 nm region provides optimal imaging quality in adipose tissue, attributing to its moderate absorption and low scattering. This work advances our understanding of the interplay between light absorption and photon scattering in bioimaging, providing an insight for selecting optimal imaging windows to achieve high-contrast fluorescence imaging. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Optimal Allocation and Two-Level Control of Reactive Power for Balancing Voltage and Power Factor of Renewable Energy Stations

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xinhao Zhou, Hongyu Yao, Wei Xiong, Yongxin Ruan, Yimin Xiao, Bitao Wen, Jinyu Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 999077 Hong Kong Guodian Nanjing Automation Co. Ltd. Nanjing210032 China

Renewable energy stations(RES) must satisfy voltage security and power factor requirements for safe and efficient operation. However, these requirements often conflict, posing challenges in practical applications. This paper first analyzes the constraints and identifies the boundary of RES voltage regulation capability under power factor constraints. Building on the analysis, an optimal allocation and two-level control (TLC) of reactive power is proposed. It integrates the optimization of reactive power compensator (RPC) with the coordinated control of reactive resources, thereby balancing voltage regulation and power factor. From the allocation perspective, an RPC optimization method is proposed to maximize the feasible voltage range of RES under varying active power conditions of RES. From the control perspective, a TLC scheme is proposed, combining station and unit control. At the station level, the controller features a mode-switching function and calculates the overall reactive power reference value. At the unit level, the controller coordinates the converter-interfaced generations (CIGs) and RPC. Case studies are conducted on a real RES project in Bazhou, Xinjiang, China. Matlab/Simulink and Opal-RT real-time simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances both voltage security and economic efficiency. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Solar fuels

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New Current Control Method of DC Power Supply for Magnetic Perturbation Coils on J-TEXT

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Plasma Science and technology 2014年第11期16卷 1074-1078页

作者：曾武兵丁永华易斌许航宇饶波张明刘明海 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

In order to advance the research on suppressing tearing modes and driving plasma rotation, a DC power supply （PS） system has been developed for dynamic resonant magnetic perturbation （DRMP） coils and applied in the J-TEXT experiment. To enrich experimental phe- nomena in the J-TEXT tokamak, applying the circulating current four-quadrant operation mode in the DRMP DC PS system is proposed. By using the circulating current four-quadrant oper- ation, DRMP coils can be smoothly controlled without the dead-time when the current polarity reverses. Essential circuit analysis, control optimization and simulation of desired scenarios have been performed for normal current. Relevant simulation and test results are also presented.

关键词： DRMP power supply （PS） J-TEXT four-quadrant operation

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Equilibrium Reconstruction and Its Integration in J-TEXT

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Plasma Science and technology 2016年第7期18卷 786-790页

作者：张帆徐涛孙新锋张晓卿庄革简翔 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

The equilibrium fitting code （EFIT） and its application in the J-TEXT tokamak are integrated by the Matlab language. The function of analysis and visualization to the results is added. In addition, the experiment data measured by soft X-ray （SXR） are used to calculate plasma equilibrium as a constraint condition. The improved EFIT code is used for J-TEXT discharge and the profiles of plasma parameters such as flux function, safety factor q, pressure and current density are obtained from the reconstructed configurations.

关键词： EFIT integrated operation equilibrium reconstruction

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Plasma Response to Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection in J-TEXT

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Plasma Science and technology 2014年第1期16卷 17-20页

作者：肖金水杨州军庄革胡启明冯先德刘明海 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Recently, hydrogen fueling experiments with supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI） system have been performed in the J-TEXT tokamak. To evaluate the effects of the in- jection amount of SMBI on plasma behaviors, moderate and intensive SMBs have been separately injected and compared with each other in Ohmic discharges. With moderate SMBs, electron den- sity increases about twice as before, the size of magnetic island slightly decreases, and the edge toroidal rotation speed in a counter-current direction, measured by a high resolution spectrometer （Carbon V ion, 227.09 nm, r/a-= 0.7-0.8）, is accelerated from 8 km/s to 12 km/s. The state of higher electron density with moderate SMBI can be maintained for a long period, which indicates that plasma confinement is improved. However, with intensive SMBs, the accompanied magne- tohydrodynamic （MHD） activities are triggered, and the electron density increases moderately. The edge toroidal velocity is decreased, in certain cases even reversed in the co-current direction. The statistical result of experimental data for moderate and intensive SMBs suggests a preferred fueling amount （less than 3.2 ~ 1019） to improve the SMBI fueling efficiency in experiments.

关键词： SMBI fuelling plasma responses J-TEXT

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