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Reducing the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission in Dental Offices: A Review

JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS-IMPLANT ESTHETIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE DENTISTRY 2020年第9期29卷 739-745页

作者： Ashtiani, Reza Eftekhar Tehrani, Shabnam Revilla-Leon, Marta Zandinejad, Amirali Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Dent Dept Dent Technol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Infect Dis Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Trop Med Res Ctr Tehran Iran Texas A&M Univ Dept Comprehens Dent AEGD Residency Program Coll Dent Dallas TX USA

The COVID-19 epidemic has become a major public health challenge around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of August 2020 there are more than 833,556 dead and over 24,587,513 people infected around the world. This pandemic has adversely affected many professions around the globe, including dentistry. COVID-19, caused by the Corona virus family, is transmitted mainly by direct contact with an infected person or through the spread of aerosol and droplets. Dentistry by nature is considered to be one of the most vulnerable professions with regards to the high risk of transmission between the dentist, dental team, and patients;therefore, a protocol for infection control and the prevention and spreading of the COVID-19 virus in dental settings is urgently needed. This article reviews essential knowledge about this virus and its transmission and recommends preventive methods based on existing scientific research and recommendations to prevent the spread of this virus in dental offices and clinics.

关键词： COVID-19 dental offices reducing transmission review

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Influence of scan body design and digital implant analogs on implant replica position in additively manufactured casts

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JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY 2020年第2期124卷 202-210页

作者： Revilla-Leon, Marta Fogarty, Rachel Barrington, Jennifer J. Zandinejad, Amirali Ozcan, Mutlu Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent 3302 Gaston AveRoom 713 Dallas TX 75246 USA Univ Washington Grad Prosthodont Seattle WA 98195 USA Revilla Res Ctr Madrid Spain Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent AEGD Program Dallas TX USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Gen Dent Coll Dent Dallas TX USA Univ Zurich Dent Mat Unit Ctr Dent & Oral Med Zurich Switzerland

Statement of problem. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies can be used to fabricate definitive casts for implant-supported restorations. However, information regarding the accuracy of the implant replica position on the polymeric AM cast generated with different scan bodies and digital implant replica systems is lacking. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare with a conventional stone cast the linear and angular discrepancies of the implant analog positions in a polymeric AM cast obtained from 3 different scan body and digital implant replica systems. Material and methods. A partially edentulous maxillary typodont with 3 implant replicas (Implant replica RP Branemark system;Nobel Biocare) was prepared. Two duplicating methods were evaluated: conventional (CNV group) and AM (AM group) procedures. For the CNV group, polyvinyl siloxane open-tray implant impressions (CNV) were made at room temperature (23 degrees C). The AM group was further divided into the subgroups Elos Medtech, Nt-Trading, and Dynamic Abutment. For the Elos Medtech subgroup, the corresponding scan bodies were placed on each implant, and the typodont was digitized by using a laboratory scanner (E3 scanner;3Shape A/S). The same procedure was repeated with the remaining subgroups. All the AM polymer casts were fabricated at once by using the same 3D printer (Eden 500V;Stratasys). Ten specimens of each group were obtained (n=10). A coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure the position of each implant replica, and distortion was calculated for each system at the x-, y-, and z-axes and 3D distortion measurement (3D = root x(2)+y(2)+z(2)). The Shapiro-Wilk test revealed that the data were not normally distributed. The Kruskal-Wallis and pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha=.05) were used for the analysis. Results. The CNV group presented significantly higher linear discrepancy than the Dynamic Abutment group on the x- and y-axes. On the z-axis, however, the CNV group s

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Facially generated and additively manufactured baseplate and occlusion rim for treatment planning a complete-arch rehabilitation: A dental technique

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JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY 2019年第5期121卷 741-745页

作者： Piedra Cascon, Wenceslao Ruiz de Gopegui, Juan Revilla-Leon, Marta Univ Complutense Madrid Sch Dent Grad Aesthet Dent Madrid Spain Revilla Res Ctr Madrid Spain Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent AEGD Program Dallas TX USA Univ Washington Sch Dent Seattle WA 98195 USA

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technologies have been successfully integrated into the digital workflow to treat completely edentulous patients. However, the digital design and manufacturing technique of the baseplate and occlusion rims have not yet been developed into the digital workflow. This article describes a novel digital workflow using extraoral digitizing procedures, open-source CAD software, and additive manufacturing technologies to obtain a 3D patient. This virtual patient can then be used to plan treatment for a completely edentulous patient, with which the maxillary baseplate and occlusion rims are digitally designed. The workflow allows the digital determination of tooth exposure at rest, the dental midline, the location of the canines, and the determination of the occlusal plane related to the Camper plane. The digital determination of these parameters increases the predictability of the treatment, reducing laboratory and clinician time and costs.

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Laboratory workflow to obtain long-term injected resin composite interim restorations from an additive manufactured esthetic diagnostic template

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JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY 2019年第1期31卷 13-19页

作者： Piedra Cascon, Wenceslao Parra Nunez, Alberto Charlen Diez, Ignacio Revilla-Leon, Marta Univ Complutense Madrid Aesthet Dent Sch Dent Madrid Spain Revilla Res Ctr Madrid Spain Madrid Dent Esthet Lab Madrid Spain Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent AEGD Program Dallas TX USA Univ Washington Sch Dent Prosthodont Seattle WA USA

Objective An analogue and digital workflow for the fabrication of a diagnostic 3D printed polymer template and its duplication for long-term injected composite resin interim restorations is described, because of the lack of scientific evidence in 3-dimensional (3D) printing applied to dentistry in terms of printer technology, printer parameters, postpolymerization processes, and material characteristics. In addition, in the case of 3D printed temporary resins, they cannot be relined successfully and its mechanical properties in the mouth have not been tested yet. Conclusions The main benefits of this approach relate to the improvement of clinical and laboratory procedures, as conventional waxing is eliminated, conventional master casts are not needed and the process is entirely automatized, improving the workflow, with minimal intervention of the laboratory technician.

关键词： 3D printing additive manufacturing technologies CAD-CAM esthetic dentistry fixed prosthodontics interim restorations

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Facially Driven Digital Diagnostic Waxing: New Software Features to Simulate and Define Restorative Outcomes

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Current Oral Health Reports 2019年第4期6卷 284-294页

作者： Piedra-Cascón, Wenceslao Hsu, Vicent T. Revilla-León, Marta Esthetic Dentistry Program Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain Revilla Research Center Madrid Spain Dallas TX United States AEGD Program College of Dentistry Texas A&M University 3302 Gaston Avenue Room 713 Dallas TX United States Graduate Prosthodontics University of Washington Seattle WA United States

Purpose of Review: Computer-aided design (CAD) softwares minimize human designing errors, reduce time and cost, and serve as more powerful diagnostic and designing tools for treatment planning in restorative dentistry when compared with conventional diagnostic waxing techniques. The goal of this article was to review the features of the available dental and open-source CAD softwares for a facially driven digital diagnostic waxing elaboration. Recent Findings: The literature review demonstrated that when digital technologies are selected, the fundamental concepts remain, but the protocol differs. When fabricating a facially driven diagnostic waxing, the digitized dentition obtained from either an intraoral scanner or digitized conventional stone cast can be merged with either two-dimensional (2D) photographs or three-dimensional (3D) extraoral facial scans of the patient at different positions. This superimposition procedure has been described in dental and open-source CAD softwares. Indeed, dental CAD softwares offer intuitive tools for dental professionals;however, the flexibility in creating virtual designs is more limited compared with open-source softwares. Summary: Digital technologies serve as a more powerful diagnostic and design tool when compared with conventional procedures. The integration of different digital technologies has promoted the development of a 3D virtual patient, allowing clinicians and dental technicians to superimpose data on patients’ facial skeletons, extraoral soft tissue, and dentition. Both dental and open-source CAD softwares greatly improve the facially driven diagnostic waxing predictability because they incorporate the patient’s facial references. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： CAD-CAM Diagnostic waxing Facial scanner Intraoral scanner Prosthodontics

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Workflow description of additively manufactured clear silicone indexes for injected provisional restorations: A novel technique

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JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY 2019年第3期31卷 213-221页

作者： Revilla-Leon, Marta Fountain, Joshua Piedra Cascon, Wenceslao Ozcan, Mutlu Zandinejad, Amirali Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent 3302 Gaston AveRoom 713 Dallas TX 75246 USA Univ Washington Grad Prosthodont Program Seattle WA 98195 USA Revilla Res Ctr Madrid Spain Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent AEGD Program Dallas TX USA Univ Complutense Madrid Esthet Dent Madrid Spain Univ Zurich Dent Mat Unit Ctr Dent & Oral Med Zurich Switzerland

Objective The present article describes the digital workflow protocol for additive manufacturing (AM) of a clear silicone index to be used for an injected provisional restoration fabrication. Clinical considerations The incorporation of CAD software and AM technologies have allowed the integration of a new way to fabricate conventional diagnostic wax-ups and silicone indexes for preparing diagnostic mock ups, direct composite restorations, or provisional restorations. Although the conventional concept remains, the protocol differs. Conclusions This workflow provides a more efficient and accurate procedure with the reduction of time and cost compared to conventional technique. Clinical Significance The digital workflow protocol described for AM of a clear silicone index to be used for an injected provisional restoration fabrication is time and cost efficient compared to conventional procedures.

关键词： 3D printing additive manufacturing computer-aided design injected technique provisional restoration

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Digital workflow for the design and additively manufacture of a splinted framework and custom tray for the impression of multiple implants: A dental technique

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JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY 2018年第6期120卷 805-811页

作者： Piedra Cascon, Wenceslao Revilla-Leon, Marta Univ Complutense Madrid Aesthet Dent Madrid Spain Revilla Res Ctr Madrid Spain Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent AEGD Program Dallas TX USA Univ Washington Grad Prosthodont Seattle WA 98195 USA

This article describes a step-by-step digital protocol for the design and fabrication, through additive manufacturing, of a splinted framework and a custom tray for the impression of a complete-arch prosthesis supported by multiple implants. The protocol presented uses open source software to control the thicknesses of the custom tray, splinting material, and impression material during the procedure, reducing laboratory and chairside time and costs.

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Perception of occlusal plane that is nonparallel to interpupillary and commissural lines but with the maxillary dental midline ideally positioned

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JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY 2019年第5期122卷 482-490页

作者： Revilla-Leon, Marta Meyer, Matthew J. Barrington, Jennifer J. Sones, Amerian Umorin, Mikhail P. Taleghani, Mohsen Zandinejad, Amirali Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent AEGD Dallas TX USA Univ Washington Grad Prosthodont Seattle WA 98195 USA Revilla Res Ctr Madrid Spain Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent Dallas TX USA Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent Dept Gen Dent Comprehens Care Program Dallas TX USA Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent Continuing Educ Dallas TX USA Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent Dept Biol Sci Dallas TX USA Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent Dept Gen Dent Dallas TX USA

Statement of problem. How disparities in parallelism between the occlusal plane and the interpupillary (IP) or commissural facial front lines are perceived is unclear. Purpose. The purpose of this observational study was to examine the perceptions of laypersons, dental students, and dentists regarding disparities of the anterior occlusal plane (AOP) and posterior occlusal plane (POP) with respect to the IP and commissural line (CL) with the maxillary dental midline ideally positioned. Material and methods. A model of a symmetric female face was digitally created with the IP and CL parallel and the facial mid line coincident with the maxillary dental midline. Two groups of images were created, one with the POP modified in 1-degree increments, in which both the maxillary dental midline and the position of the maxillary central incisors were not manipulated, and the other with the POP modified in the same increments but with the position of both maxillary central incisors lengthened to follow the inclination of the occlusal plane. Participants (N=312) were asked to rate the images on a 1-to-6 scale. The Kruskal-Wallis medians test and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze the ratings. Results. Group median ratings for different occupations gradually decreased with increased inclination of the occlusal plane. Significant differences were found for inclinations from 2 to 5 degrees. Significant odd ratios were found for age and sex. Conclusions. Dental professionals detected smaller POP disparities. The dentist and dental student groups gave lower ratings in proportion to the amount of POP inclination. Laypersons gave lower ratings only after 3 degrees of POP inclination but still graded all the images as esthetically pleasant. Older people and men tended to give higher ratings to the same image.

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Dental Care for Geriatric and Special Needs Populations

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Dental Clinics of North America 2018年第2期62卷 245-267页

作者： Chávez, Elisa M. Wong, Lynne M. Subar, Paul Young, Douglas A. Wong, Allen Department of Diagnostic Sciences University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry 155 5th Street San Francisco 94103 CA United States Special Care Clinic Hospital Dentistry Program Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry 155 5th Street San Francisco 94103 CA United States Department of Family and Community Medicine UCSF School of Medicine San Francisco CA United States AEGD Program Hospital Dentistry Program University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry 155 5th Street San Francisco 94103 CA United States

This article reviews considerations for oral health care associated with the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in older adults. Many of these diseases result in functional or cognitive impairments that must be considered in treatment planning to ensure appropriate, safe, and effective care for patients. Many of these considerations parallel those of adults who have lived with developmental disabilities over a lifetime and similar principles can be applied. Systemic diseases, conditions, and their treatments can pose significant risks to oral health, which requires prevention, treatment, and advocacy for oral health care as integral to chronic disease management. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Aging CAMBRA Chronic disease Dentistry Oral health Special needs

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Mechanical integrity of cement- and screw-retained zirconium-lithium silicate glass-ceramic crowns to Morse taper implants

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JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY 2018年第5期120卷 721-731页

作者： Vahey, Brendan R. Sordi, Mariane B. Stanley, Kyle Magini, Ricardo S. de Oliveira, Antonio P. Novaes Fredel, Marcio C. Henriques, Bruno Souza, Julio C. M. La Familia Med Ctr Santa Fe NM USA NYU Langone AEGD Fac New York NY 10003 USA Univ Fed Santa Catarina Postgrad Program Dent Ctr Res Dent Implants Florianopolis SC Brazil Univ Southern Calif Herman Ostrow Sch Dent Dept Restorat Sci Los Angeles CA USA Univ Fed Santa Catarina Lab Glass Ceram Mat VITROCER Florianopolis SC Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina Ceram & Composite Mat Res Labs CERMAT Florianopolis SC Brazil Univ Minho Ctr MicroElectroMech Syst CMEMS UMINHO Guimaraes Portugal

Statement of problem. The improved esthetics of ceramic dental prostheses has increased their popularity, although their high elastic modulus and low fracture toughness and tensile strength may reduce the long-term performance of dental prostheses. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the mechanical integrity of zirconium-lithium silicate glass-ceramic crowns cement- and screw-retained to a titanium implant-abutment after fatigue. Material and methods. Forty titanium implants were placed in polyacetal to mimic bone support. Abutments were tightened to the implants to 20 Ncm by using a digital handheld torque meter. The implant abutment assemblies received a pressed maxillary premolar crown, either lithium disilicate (LD) or zirconium-lithium silicate glass-ceramic (LZS). The specimens (n=10) were subjected to fatigue at 200 N and 5 Hz for 500 000 cycles in a Ringer electrolytic solution (37 degrees C). After fatigue, the crowns were removed to evaluate removal torque values on the implant-abutment connection. The remaining crown-implant-abutment assemblies were cross-sectioned at 90 degrees to the implant-abutment joint for inspection of cracks and the micro-gaps by scanning electron microscopy. Results. Removal torque values before fatigue were recorded at 18 +/- 1.63 Ncm for the LD group and 18.2 +/- 0.81 Ncm for the LZS group. After fatigue, the removal torque values decreased significantly (12.8 +/- 1.6 Ncm for LD, 14.9 +/- 1.08 Ncm for LZS;P<.05). Micro-gaps at the implant-abutment connections were measured at 0.9 +/- 0.3 mu m before fatigue and at 4.2 +/- 0.9 mu m after fatigue. Cracks were detected at the crown adhesive or at the adhesive-abutment interface for both systems after fatigue. Conclusions. Cement- and screw-retained implant zirconium-lithium silicate glass-ceramic crowns revealed effective fatigue resistance on mean cyclic loading in an electrolyte solution. However, mechanical instability of the crown-adhesive-abutment interf

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