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Scalable process for application of stabilized lithium metal powder in Li-ion batteries

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2016年 309卷 33-41页

作者： Ai, Guo Wang, Zhihui Zhao, Hui Mao, Wenfeng Fu, Yanbao Yi, Ran Gao, Yue Battaglia, Vincent Wang, Donghai Lopatin, Sergey Liu, Gao Univ Calif Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div Energy Technol Area Berkeley CA 94720 USA Minist Ind & Informat Technol Sci & Technol Reliabil Phys & Applicat Elect Comp Elect Res Inst 5 Guangzhou 510610 Guangdong Peoples R China Penn State Univ Dept Mech & Nucl Engn University Pk PA 16802 USA Appl Mat Inc Santa Clara CA 95054 USA

A simple solution processing method is developed to achieve a uniform and scalable stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP) coating on a Li-ion negative electrode. A solvent and binder system for the SLMP coating is developed, including the selection of solvent, polymer binder, and optimization of polymer concentration. The optimized binder solution is a 1% concentration of polymer binder in xylene;a mixture of polystyrene-co-butadiene) rubber (SBR) and polystyrene (PS) is chosen as the polymer binder. Results show that long-sustained, uniformly dispersed SLMP suspension can be achieved with the optimized binder solution. The uniform SLMP coating can be achieved using a simple "doctor blade" coating method, and the resulting SLMP coating can be firmly glued on the anode surface. By using SLMP to prelithiate the negative electrode, improvements in electrochemical performances are demonstrated in both graphite/NMC and SiO/NMC full cells. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP (R)) Prelithiation SiO Full cell

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Global Climate

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2023年第9期104卷 S20-S145页

作者： Dunn, Robert J. H. Aldred, Freya Gobron, Nadine Miller, John B. Willett, Kate M. Ades, Melanie Adler, Robert Allan, R. P. Anderson, John Anneville, Orlane Aono, Yasuyuki Arguez, Anthony Arosio, Carlo Augustine, John A. Azorin-Molina, Cesar Barichivich, Jonathan Basu, Aman Beck, Hylke E. Bellouin, Nicolas Benedetti, Angela Blagrave, Kevin Blenkinsop, Stephen Bock, Olivier Bodin, Xavier Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Bove, Gerald Buechler, Dennis Buehler, Stefan A. Carrea, Laura Chang, Kai-Lan Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Eui-Seok Ciasto, Laura M. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Cooper, Owen R. Cornes, Richard C. Covey, Curt Cropper, Thomas Crotwell, Molly Cusicanqui, Diego Davis, Sean M. de Jeu, Richard A. M. Degenstein, Doug Delaloye, Reynald Donat, Markus G. Dorigo, Wouter A. Durre, Imke Dutton, Geoff S. Duveiller, Gregory Elkins, James W. Estilow, Thomas W. Fedaeff, Nava Fereday, David Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Foster, Michael J. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Fullekrug, Martin Garforth, Judith Garg, Jay Gentry, Matthew Goodman, Steven Gou, Qiqi Granin, Nikolay Guglielmin, Mauro Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leopold Hall, Brad D. Harris, Ian Hemming, Debbie L. Hirschi, Martin Ho, Shu-pen (Ben) Holzworth, Robert Hrbacek, Filip Hubert, Daan Hulsman, Petra Hurst, Dale F. Inness, Antje Isaksen, Ketil John, Viju O. Jones, Philip D. Junod, Robert Kaab, Andreas Kaiser, Johannes W. Kaufmann, Viktor Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas Kent, Elizabeth C. Kidd, Richard Kim, Hyungiun Kipling, Zak Koppa, Akash L'Abee-Lund, Jan Henning Lan, Xin Lantz, Kathleen O. Lavers, David Loeb, Norman G. Loyola, Diego Madelon, Remi Malmquist, Hilmar J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Mayer, Michael McCabe, Matthew F. McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Menzel, Annette Merchant, Christopher J. Miralles, Diego G. Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Moesinger, Leander Muhle, Jens Nicolas, Julien P. Noetzli, Jeannette Noges, Tiina Noll, Ben O'Keefe, John Osborn, Tim J. Park, Taejin Pellet, Cecile Pelto, Maury S. Perkins-Kirk Met Off Hadley Ctr Exeter Devon England European Commiss Joint Res Ctr Ispra Italy NOAA Global Monitoring Lab Boulder CO USA European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts Reading Berks England Univ Maryland CMNS Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Reading Dept Meteorol Reading Berks England Univ Reading Natl Ctr Earth Observat Reading Berks England Hampton Univ Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci Hampton VA 23668 USA Univ Savoie Mt Blanc Natl Res Inst Agr Food & Environm INRAE CARRTEL Thonon Les Bains France Osaka Prefecture Univ Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci Sakai Osaka Japan NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat Asheville NC USA Univ Bremen Bremen Germany Spanish Natl Res Council CIDE Ctr Invest Desertificac CSIC UV Generalitat Valenciana Climate Atmosphere & Ocean Lab Climatoc Lab Valencia Spain Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso Inst Geog Valparaiso Chile Univ East Anglia Sch Environm Sci Climat Res Unit Norwich Norfolk England York Univ Toronto ON Canada European Commiss Joint Res Ctr Ispra Italy GloH2O Almere Netherlands Univ Reading Reading Berks England Newcastle Univ Sch Engn Newcastle Upon Tyne Tyne & Wear England Univ Paris Cite CNRS Inst Phys Globe Paris IGN F-7500 Paris France Univ Savoie Mt Blanc Lab EDYTEM CNRS Le Bourget Du Lac France NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Global Modeling & Assimilat Off Greenbelt MD USA Sorbonne Univ Paris France Univ Virgin Isl St Thomas VI USA Univ Huntsville Alabama Huntsville AL USA Univ Hamburg Meteorol Inst CEN Fachbereich Erdsyst Wissensch Hamburg Germany Univ Colorado Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci Boulder CO 80309 USA NOAA Chem Sci Lab Boulder CO USA Univ Ctr Svalbard Dept Geol Longyearbyen Norway Univ Alabama Huntsville AL 35899 USA IBS Ctr Climate Phys Busan South Korea NOAA Climate Predict Ctr College Pk MD USA DLR German Aerosp Ctr Oberpfaffenhofen Wessling Germany Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton Hants England Lawrence Livermore Natl

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Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2025年第1期25卷 36-51页

作者： Kyu, Hmwe H. Sirota, Sarah Brooke Doxey, Matthew C. Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Bender, Rose Grace Vongpradith, Avina Albertson, Samuel B. Novotney, Amanda Burkart, Katrin Carter, Austin Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Estiningtyas, Qorinah Adnani, Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Alalalmeh, Samer O. Albashtawy, Mohammed AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Almazan, Joseph Uy Alqahtani, Jaber S. Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Altartoor, Khaled Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H. Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amhare, Abebe Feyissa Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Aujayeb, Avinash Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw Azadnajafabad, Sina Azzam, Ahmed Y. Badar, Muhammad Taghanaki, Pegah Bahrami Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Bajcetic, Milica Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bardhan, Mainak Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Belete, Alemu Gedefie Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Beloukas, Apostolos Beran, Azizullah Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhargava, Ashish Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bitra, Veera R. Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Bogale, Eyob Ketema Boppana, Sri Harsha Borhany, Hamed Bouaoud, Souad Brown, Colin Stewart Buonsenso, Danilo Bustanji, Yasser Camera, Luis Alberto Casta Univ Washington Dept Hlth Metr Sci Sch Med Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Hlth Metr Sci Sch Med Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Pediat Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Global Hlth Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Epidemiol Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Appl Math Seattle WA USA Seattle Indian Hlth Board Urban Indian Hlth Inst Seattle WA USA Yale Univ Sch Med New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Dept Dermatol New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Dept Genet New Haven CT USA Mem Univ Dept Med St John NF Canada Univ Setif Algeria Dept Med Setif Algeria Dept Hlth Setif Algeria Debre Berhan Univ Pediat Nursing Dept Debre Berhan Ethiopia Debre Berhan Univ Sch Nursing & Midwifery Debre Berhan Ethiopia Madda Walabu Univ Dept Biostat Bale Robe Ethiopia Madda Walabu Univ Dept Pharm Bale Robe Ethiopia Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Family & Community Hlth Ho Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Ho Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Inst Hlth Res Ho Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Populat & Behav Sci Ho Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Microbiol & Immunol Ho Ghana Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Sci Res Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Iranian Res Ctr HIV AIDS IRCHA Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Obstet & Gynecol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Hlth Emergencies & Disasters Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pediat Cardiol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Tehran Heart Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Adv Technol Cardiovasc Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Iranian Res Ctr

Background Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied comprehensively. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to explore the fatal and non-fatal burden of the two diseases across all age groups, including a granular analysis of children younger than 5 years, in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods Mortality due to URIs and otitis media was estimated with use of vital registration and sample-based vital registration data, which are used as inputs to the Cause of Death Ensemble model to separately model URIs and otitis media mortality by age and sex. Morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian meta-regression tool using data from published studies identified via systematic reviews, population-based survey data, and cause-specific URI and otitis media mortality estimates. Additionally, we assessed and compared the burden of otitis media as it relates to URIs and examined the collective burden and contributing risk factors of both diseases. Findings The global number of new episodes of URIs was 12 center dot 8 billion (95% uncertainty interval 11 center dot 4 to 14 center dot 5) for all ages across males and females in 2021. The global all-age incidence rate of URIs decreased by 10 center dot 1% (-12 center dot 0 to -8 center dot 1) from 1990 to 2019. From 2019 to 2021, the global all-age incidence rate fell by 0 center dot 5% (-0 center dot 8 to -0 center dot 1). Globally, the incidence rate of URIs was 162 484 center dot 8 per 100 000 population (144 834 center dot 0 to 183 289 center dot 4) in 2021, a decrease of 10 center dot 5% (-12 center dot 4 to -8 center dot 4) from 1990, when the incidence rate was 181 552 center dot 5 per 100 000 population (160 827 center dot

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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

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NATURE 2020年第7793期578卷 82-+页

作者： Campbell, Peter J. Getz, Gad Korbel, Jan O. Stuart, Joshua M. Jennings, Jennifer L. Stein, Lincoln D. Perry, Marc D. Nahal-Bose, Hardeep K. Ouellette, B. F. Francis Li, Constance H. Rheinbay, Esther Nielsen, G. Petur Sgroi, Dennis C. Wu, Chin-Lee Faquin, William C. Deshpande, Vikram Boutros, Paul C. Lazar, Alexander J. Hoadley, Katherine A. Louis, David N. Dursi, L. Jonathan Yung, Christina K. Bailey, Matthew H. Saksena, Gordon Raine, Keiran M. Buchhalter, Ivo Kleinheinz, Kortine Schlesner, Matthias Zhang, Junjun Wang, Wenyi Wheeler, David A. Ding, Li Simpson, Jared T. O'Connor, Brian D. Yakneen, Sergei Ellrott, Kyle Miyoshi, Naoki Butler, Adam P. Royo, Romina Shorser, Solomon, I Vazquez, Miguel Rausch, Tobias Tiao, Grace Waszak, Sebastian M. Rodriguez-Martin, Bernardo Shringarpure, Suyash Wu, Dai-Ying Demidov, German M. Delaneau, Olivier Hayashi, Shuto Imoto, Seiya Habermann, Nina Segre, Ayellet, V Garrison, Erik Cafferkey, Andy Alvarez, Eva G. Maria Heredia-Genestar, Jose Muyas, Francesc Drechsel, Oliver Bruzos, Alicia L. Temes, Javier Zamora, Jorge Baez-Ortega, Adrian Kim, Hyung-Lae Mashl, R. Jay Ye, Kai DiBiase, Anthony Huang, Kuan-lin Letunic, Ivica McLellan, Michael D. Newhouse, Steven J. Shmaya, Tal Kumar, Sushant Wedge, David C. Wright, Mark H. Yellapantula, Venkata D. Gerstein, Mark Khurana, Ekta Marques-Bonet, Tomas Navarro, Arcadi Bustamante, Carlos D. Siebert, Reiner Nakagawa, Hidewaki Easton, Douglas F. Ossowski, Stephan Tubio, Jose M. C. De La Vega, Francisco M. Estivill, Xavier Yuen, Denis Mihaiescu, George L. Omberg, Larsson Ferretti, Vincent Sabarinathan, Radhakrishnan Pich, Oriol Gonzalez-Perez, Abel Weiner, Amaro Taylor Fittall, Matthew W. Demeulemeester, Jonas Tarabichi, Maxime Roberts, Nicola D. Van Loo, Peter Cortes-Ciriano, Isidro Urban, Lara Park, Peter Bin Zhu Pitkaenen, Esa Li, Yilong Saini, Natalie Klimczak, Leszek J. Weischenfeldt, Joachim Sidiropoulos, Nikos Alexandrov, Ludmil B. Rabionet, Raquel Escaramis, Georgia Bosio, Mattia Holik, Aliaksei Z. Susak, Hana Prasad, Aparna Erkek, Ser Wellcome Sanger Inst Hinxton England Univ Cambridge Dept Haematol Cambridge England Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Ctr Canc Res Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Pathol Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Med Sch Boston MA 02115 USA European Bioinformat Inst EMBL European Mol Biol Lab EMBL EBI Hinxton England European Mol Biol Lab EMBL Genome Biol Unit Heidelberg Germany Univ Calif Santa Cruz Biomol Engn Dept Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Ontario Inst Canc Res Adapt Oncol Initiat Toronto ON Canada ICGC Accelerating Res Genom Oncol ICGC ARGO Secre Int Canc Genome Consortium ICGC Toronto ON Canada Ontario Inst Canc Res Computat Biol Program Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Mol Genet Toronto ON Canada Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Radiat Oncol San Francisco CA USA Ontario Inst Canc Res Genome Informat Program Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Cell & Syst Biol Toronto ON Canada Ontario Inst Canc Res Genome Informat Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Med Biophys Toronto ON Canada Massachusetts Gen Hosp Boston MA 02114 USA Univ Toronto Dept Pharmacol Toronto ON Canada Univ Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr Dept Pathol Dept Genom Med Houston TX 77030 USA Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr Dept Pathol Dept Translat Mol Pathol Houston TX 77030 USA Univ North Carolina Dept Genet Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA Univ North Carolina Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA Hosp Sick Children Toronto ON Canada Washington Univ Sch Med Alvin J Siteman Canc Ctr St Louis MO USA Washington Univ McDonnell Genome Inst St Louis MO 63110 USA German Canc Res Ctr Div Theoret Bioinformat Heidelberg Germany German Canc Res Ctr Heidelberg Ctr Personalized Oncol DKFZ HIPO Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Univ Inst Pharm & Mol Biotechnol Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Univ BioQuant Heidelberg Germany German Canc Res Ctr Bioinformat & Omics Data Analyt Heidelb

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements;however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution;in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4);identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6);analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7);describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9);and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).

关键词： Science Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary

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A draft genome sequence of the elusive giant squid, Architeuthis dux

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GIGASCIENCE 2020年第1期9卷 giz152页

作者： da Fonseca, Rute R. Couto, Alvarina Machado, Andre M. Brejova, Brona Albertin, Carolin B. Silva, Filipe Gardner, Paul Baril, Tobias Hayward, Alex Campos, Alexandre Ribeiro, Angela M. Barrio-Hernandez, Inigo Hoving, Henk-Jan Tafur-Jimenez, Ricardo Chu, Chong Frazao, Barbara Petersen, Bent Penaloza, Fernando Musacchia, Francesco Alexander, Graham C., Jr. Osorio, Hugo Winkelmann, Inger Simakov, Oleg Rasmussen, Simon Rahman, M. Ziaur Pisani, Davide Vinther, Jakob Jarvis, Erich Zhang, Guojie Strugnell, Jan M. Castro, L. Filipe C. Fedrigo, Olivier Patricio, Mateus Li, Qiye Rocha, Sara Antunes, Agostinho Wu, Yufeng Ma, Bin Sanges, Remo Vinar, Tomas Blagoev, Blagoy Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Nielsen, Rasmus Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Univ Copenhagen GLOBE Inst CMEC Univ Pk 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark Univ Copenhagen Dept Biol Bioinformat Ctr Ole Maaloes Vej 5 DK-2200 Copenhagen Denmark Univ Vigo Dept Biochem Genet & Immunol Vigo 36310 Spain Univ Porto Interdisciplinary Ctr Marine & Environm Res CIIMAR Av Gen Norton Matos P-4450208 Matosinhos Portugal Comenius Univ Fac Math Phys & Informat Bratislava 84248 Slovakia Marine Biol Lab Eugene Bell Ctr Regenerat Biol & Tissue Engn Woods Hole MA 02543 USA Univ Otago Dept Biochem 710 Cumberland St Dunedin 9016 New Zealand Univ Exeter Ctr Ecol & Conservat Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE Cornwall England Univ Southern Denmark Dept Biochem & Mol Biol Campusvej 55 DK-5230 Odense M Denmark GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel Wischhofstr 1-3 D-24148 Kiel Germany Inst Mar Peru Esq Gamarra & Gral Valle Chucuito Apartado 22 Callao Peru Harvard Med Sch Dept Biomed Informat Boston MA 02115 USA IPMA Fitoplancton Lab Rua C Aeroporto P-1749077 Lisbon Portugal AIMST Univ Fac Sci Appl Ctr Excellence Omics Driven Computat Biodiscovery Batu 3 1-2 Bedong 08100 Kedah Malaysia Univ Copenhagen Globe Inst Evolutionary Genom Sect Oster Farimagsgade 5 DK-1353 Copenhagen Denmark Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Inst Invest Biomed Inst Nacl Cancerol Unidad Invest Biomed Canc Mexico City DF Mexico Telethon Inst Genet & Med Genom Med Via Campi Flegrei 34 I-80078 Naples Italy Duke Univ GCB Sequencing & Genom Technol Shared Resource CIEMAS 101 Sci Dr Durham NC 27708 USA Univ Porto I3S Rua Alfredo Allen 208 P-4200135 Porto Portugal Univ Porto IPATIMUP Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol Rua Julio Amaral de Carvalho 45 P-4200135 Porto Portugal Univ Porto Fac Med Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro P-4200319 Porto Portugal Univ Copenhagen GLOBE Inst Sect GeoGenet Oster Voldgade 5-7 DK-1350 Copenhagen Denmark Univ Vienna Dept Mol Evolut & Dev Althanstr 14 UZA1 A-1090 Vienna Austria Univ Copenhagen Fac Hlth & Med Sci Ctr Prot Res Novo Nordisk Fdn Blegdamsvej 3

Background: The giant squid (Architeuthis dux;Steenstrup, 1857) is an enigmatic giant mollusc with a circumglobal distribution in the deep ocean, except in the high Arctic and Antarctic waters. The elusiveness of the species makes it difficult to study. Thus, having a genome assembled for this deep-sea-dwelling species will allow several pending evolutionary questions to be unlocked. Findings: We present a draft genome assembly that includes 200 Gb of Illumina reads, 4 Gb of Moleculo synthetic long reads, and 108 Gb of Chicago libraries, with a final size matching the estimated genome size of 2.7 Gb, and a scaffold N50 of 4.8 Mb. We also present an alternative assembly including 27 Gb raw reads generated using the Pacific Biosciences platform. In addition, we sequenced the proteome of the same individual and RNA from 3 different tissue types from 3 other species of squid (Onychoteuthis banksii, Dosidicus gigas, and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) to assist genome annotation. We annotated 33,406 protein-coding genes supported by evidence, and the genome completeness estimated by BUSCO reached 92%. Repetitive regions cover 49.17% of the genome. Conclusions: This annotated draft genome of A. dux provides a critical resource to investigate the unique traits of this species, including its gigantism and key adaptations to deep-sea environments.

关键词： cephalopod invertebrate genome assembly

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Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems

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BMC MEDICINE 2021年第1期19卷 4-4页

作者： Cork, Michael A. Henry, Nathaniel J. Watson, Stefanie Croneberger, Andrew J. Baumann, Mathew Letourneau, Ian D. Yang, Mingyou Serfes, Audrey L. Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi, Nooshin Abbastabar, Hedayat Abreu, Lucas G. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Achappa, Basavaprabhu Adabi, Maryam Adal, Tadele G. Adegbosin, Adeyinka E. Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Ahinkorah, Bright O. Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar B. Alhassan, Robert K. Alipour, Vahid Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Asaad, Malke Atnafu, Desta D. Atreya, Alok Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Azari, Samad Darshan, B. B. Baig, Atif A. Banach, Maciej Bante, Simachew A. Barboza, Miguel A. Basu, Sanjay Bedi, Neeraj Bejarano Ramirez, Diana F. Bensenor, Isabela M. Beyene, Fentahun Y. Bezabih, Yihienew M. Bhagavathula, Akshaya S. Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birlik, Sait M. Bitew, Zebenay W. Bohlouli, Somayeh Boloor, Archith Brunoni, Andre R. Butt, Zahid A. Cardenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Christopher, Devasahayam J. Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie M. Dahlawi, Saad M. A. Daoud, Farah Davila Cervantes, Claudio A. Weaver, Nicole Davis De la Hoz, Fernando P. Demeke, Feleke M. Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar Deribe, Kebede Deuba, Keshab Dharmaratne, Samath D. Dhungana, Govinda P. Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duraes, Andre R. Eagan, Arielle W. Earl, Lucas Effiong, Andem Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed El Tantawi, Maha Elayedath, Rajesh El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. Faraon, Emerito Jose A. Faro, Andre Fattahi, Nazir Fauk, Nelsensius K. Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Foroutan, Masoud Fukumoto, Takeshi Gad, Mohamed M. Gebremariam, Tesfay B. B. Gebremedhin, Ketema B. Gebremeskel, Gebreamla Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Oxford Big Data Inst Oxford England Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Antai Coll Econ Shanghai Peoples R China McGill Univ Montreal Neurol Inst Montreal PQ Canada Univ Tehran Med Sci Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Pediat Dent Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Univ Sharjah Dept Clin Sci Sharjah U Arab Emirates Manipal Acad Higher Educ Dept Internal Med Mangalore India Hamadan Univ Med Sci Hamadan Iran Wolkite Univ Dept Publ Hlth Wolkite Ethiopia Griffith Univ Sch Med Gold Coast Qld Australia Kings Coll London Dept Populat Hlth Sci London England Stellenbosch Univ Ctr Excellence Epidemiol Modelin & Anal Stellenbosch South Africa Stellenbosch Univ Dept Global Hlth Cape Town South Africa Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Ctr Policy Populat & Hlth Res Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Technol Sydney Australian Ctr Publ & Populat Hlth Res ACPP HR Sydney NSW Australia Univ Nottingham Lincoln Med Sch Lincoln England Univ Lincoln Lincoln Med Sch Lincoln England Jimma Univ Dept Epidemiol Jimma Ethiopia Univ South Australia Australian Ctr Precis Hlth Adelaide SA Australia Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Inst Hlth Res Ho Ghana Iran Univ Med Sci Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr Tehran Iran Iran Univ Med Sci Hlth Econ Dept Tehran Iran Arak Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Arak Iran Univ Cartagena Res Grp Hlth Econ Cartagena Colombia ALZAK Fdn Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies Cartagena Colombia Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest Romania Bucharest Univ Econ Studies Stat & Econometr Dept Bucharest Romania Mazandaran Univ Med Sci Dept Parasitol Sari Iran Iranshahr Univ Med Sci Dept Parasitol Iranshahr Iran Fdn Univ Islamabad Dept Psychol Rawalpandi Pakistan Birmingham City Univ Dept Publ Hlth Birmingham W Midlands England Univ Texas Houston Dept Plast Surg Houston TX USA Bahir Dar Univ Dept Hlth Syst & Hlth Econ Bahir Dar Ethiopia Lumbini Med Coll D

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and *** performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study *** countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries-apart from Ecuador-across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups-the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in *** subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local tre

关键词： HIV AIDS Latin America HIV mortality Vital registration Small area estimation Mapping Spatial statistics

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Representing Micro-Business Requirements Patterns with Associated Software components

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEM MODELING AND DESIGN 2014年第4期5卷 71-90页

作者： Macasaet, R. J. Noguera, Manuel Luisa Rodriguez, Maria Luis Garrido, Jose Supakkul, Sam Chung, Lawrence Pentathlon Syst Resources Inc Dept Software Res & Dev Res & Dev Efforts Manila Philippines Univ Granada Dept Comp Languages & Syst Granada Spain Sabre Inc Travel Tchnol Co Appl Architecture Sabre Travel Network Southlake TX USA Univ Texas Dallas Dept Comp Sci Richardson TX USA

This paper proposes representations for micro-business requirements patterns with associated software components. The patterns must be comprehensible enough for micro-business owners without technical backgrounds but at the same time be technical enough for the software developers who use them during the design and development of software. Both objectives are somewhat conflicting and trade-offs have to be made regarding their representations. The pattern representations use a combination of tables, business process models, goal graphs, labels, and UML component diagrams. First, the paper provides an example of a micro-business requirements pattern in the form of an inventory pattern and applies it in a real-world micro-business case, a clothes retail store. Through the example, it shows how the pattern is instantiated and associated with software components. Then, it shows how the patterns are applied in industrial practice, including the software development companies currently adapting and applying them, accompanied by observable strengths and weaknesses.

关键词： Business Process Modeling component-Based Development Functional Requirements Micro-Business Non-Functional Requirements Requirements Pattern Reusable Software Softgoal Interdependency Graphs Software components UML

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A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

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NATURE 2017年第7681期551卷 457-+页

作者： Thompson, Luke R. Sanders, Jon G. McDonald, Daniel Amir, Amnon Ladau, Joshua Locey, Kenneth J. Prill, Robert J. Tripathi, Anupriya Gibbons, Sean M. Ackermann, Gail Navas-Molina, Jose A. Janssen, Stefan Kopylova, Evguenia Vazquez-Baeza, Yoshiki Gonzalez, Antonio Morton, James T. Mirarab, Siavash Xu, Zhenjiang Zech Jiang, Lingjing Haroon, Mohamed F. Kanbar, Jad Zhu, Qiyun Song, Se Jin Kosciolek, Tomasz Bokulich, Nicholas A. Lefler, Joshua Brislawn, Colin J. Humphrey, Gregory Owens, Sarah M. Hampton-Marcell, Jarrad Berg-Lyons, Donna McKenzie, Valerie Fierer, Noah Fuhrman, Jed A. Clauset, Aaron Stevens, Rick L. Shade, Ashley Pollard, Katherine S. Goodwin, Kelly D. Jansson, Janet K. Gilbert, Jack A. Knight, Rob Rivera, Jose L. Agosto Al-Moosawi, Lisa Alverdy, John Amato, Katherine R. Andras, Jason Angenent, Largus T. Antonopoulos, Dionysios A. Apprill, Amy Armitage, David Ballantine, Kate Barta, Jiri Baum, Julia K. Berry, Allison Bhatnagar, Ashish Bhatnagar, Monica Biddle, Jennifer F. Bittner, Lucie Boldgiv, Bazartseren Bottos, Eric Boyer, Donal M. Braun, Josephine Brazelton, William Brearley, Francis Q. Campbell, Alexandra H. Caporaso, J. Gregory Cardona, Cesar Carroll, JoLynn Cary, S. Craig Casper, Brenda B. Charles, Trevor C. Chu, Haiyan Claar, Danielle C. Clark, Robert G. Clayton, Jonathan B. Clemente, Jose C. Cochran, Alyssa Coleman, Maureen L. Collins, Gavin Colwell, Rita R. Contreras, Monica Crary, Benjamin B. Creer, Simon Cristol, Daniel A. Crump, Byron C. Cui, Duoying Daly, Sarah E. Davalos, Liliana Dawson, Russell D. Defazio, Jennifer Delsuc, Frederic Dionisi, Hebe M. Dominguez-Bello, Maria Gloria Dowell, Robin Dubinsky, Eric A. Dunn, Peter O. Ercolini, Danilo Espinoza, Robert E. Ezenwa, Vanessa Fenner, Nathalie Findlay, Helen S. Fleming, Irma D. Fogliano, Vincenzo Forsman, Anna Freeman, Chris Friedman, Elliot S. Galindo, Giancarlo Garcia, Liza Alexandra Garcia-Amado, Maria Garshelis, David Gasser, Robin B. Gerdts, Gunnar Gibson, Molly K. Gifford, Isaac Gill, Ryan T. Giray, Tugrul Gittel, Antje Golyshin, Pet Univ Calif San Diego Dept Pediat La Jolla CA 92093 USA Univ Southern Mississippi Dept Biol Sci Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA Univ Southern Mississippi Northern Gulf Inst Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div La Jolla CA USA Gladstone Inst San Francisco CA USA Univ Calif San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143 USA Indiana Univ Dept Biol Bloomington IN USA IBM Almaden Res Ctr Ind & Appl Gen San Jose CA USA Univ Calif San Diego Div Biol Sci La Jolla CA 92093 USA Univ Calif San Diego Skaggs Sch Pharm La Jolla CA 92093 USA MIT Dept Biol Engn 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Cambridge MA USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Comp Sci & Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth La Jolla CA 92093 USA Harvard Univ Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol Cambridge MA 02138 USA No Arizona Univ Pathogen & Microbiome Inst Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA Pacific Northwest Natl Lab Earth & Biol Sci Directorate Richland WA 99354 USA Argonne Natl Lab Biosci Div 9700 S Cass Ave Argonne IL 60439 USA Univ Illinois Dept Biol Sci Chicago IL 60680 USA Univ Colorado BioFrontiers Inst Boulder CO 80309 USA Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA Univ Colorado Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci Boulder CO 80309 USA Univ Southern Calif Dept Biol Sci Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ Colorado Dept Comp Sci Boulder CO 80309 USA Argonne Natl Lab Comp Environm & Life Sci 9700 S Cass Ave Argonne IL 60439 USA Univ Chicago Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60637 USA Michigan State Univ Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet E Lansing MI 48824 USA Michigan State Univ Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci E Lansing MI 48824 USA Michigan State Univ Program Ecol Evolutionary Biol & Behav E Lansing MI 48824 USA Univ Chicago Dept Surg 5841 S Maryland Ave Chicago IL 60

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.

关键词： Environmental microbiology Microbiome

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Does a detailed model of the electricity grid matter? Estimating the impacts of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative

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RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS 2014年第1期36卷 191-207页

作者： Shawhan, Daniel L. Taber, John T. Shi, Di Zimmerman, Ray D. Yan, Jubo Marquet, Charles M. Qi, Yingying Mao, Biao Schuler, Richard E. Schulze, William D. Tylavsky, Daniel Rensselaer Polytech Inst Sage Lab Dept Econ Troy NY 12180 USA Resources Future Inc Washington DC 20036 USA Cornell Univ Dyson Sch Appl Econ & Management Ithaca NY 14853 USA Arizona State Univ Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA Cornell Univ Dept Operat Res & Ind Engn Ithaca NY 14853 USA Cornell Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Ithaca NY 14853 USA

The consequences of environmental and energy policies in the U.S. can be severely constrained by physical limits of the electric power grid. Flows do not follow the shortest path but are distributed over all lines in accordance with the laws of physics, so grid operators must select which generation units to operate at each moment, not only to minimize production costs, but also to prevent the system from collapsing because of line overloads. Because of the complexity of power grid operation, computing limitations have until very recently made it impossible to solve a policy analysis or planning model that combines realistic modeling of flows with a detailed transmission system model and the prediction of generator investment and retirement. We construct and solve a model of the eastern US and Canada that combines these characteristics. Then, because a smaller model would be usable for some additional purposes, we explore the effects of transmission model simplification on the accuracy of simulation results. To evaluate the amount of detail necessary, we simulate the short- and long-term effects of imposing a price on the carbon dioxide emissions from the power plants in nine northeastern US states, as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative does. We consider three grid models that simplify the actual 62,000-node system to varying degrees. Our 5000-node model matches the 62,000-node model very closely. We use it as the basis for evaluating the more simplified models: a 300-node model and a model with just one node, i.e. no transmission constraints. With each of the three models, we predict the carbon dioxide emission impacts, electricity price impacts, and generator entry and exit impacts of the emission price, over the next 20 years. We find that most of the impact predictions produced by the 300- and one-node models differ from those of the 5000-node model by more than 20%, and some by much more. Fortunately, the 5000-node model, and others with its combination of

关键词： Electricity market Simulation modeling Cost-benefit analysis Long term Carbon dioxide

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Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

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SCIENCE 2018年第6395期360卷 1313-+页

作者： Anttila, Verneri Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan Finucane, Hilary K. Walters, Raymond K. Bras, Jose Duncan, Laramie Escott-Price, Valentina Falcone, Guido J. Gormley, Padhraig Malik, Rainer Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A. Ripke, Stephan Wei, Zhi Yu, Dongmei Lee, Phil H. Turley, Patrick Grenier-Boley, Benjamin Chouraki, Vincent Kamatani, Yoichiro Berr, Claudine Letenneur, Luc Hannequin, Didier Amouyel, Philippe Boland, Anne Deleuze, Jean-Francois Duron, Emmanuelle Vardarajan, Badri N. Reitz, Christiane Goate, Alison M. Huentelman, Matthew J. Kamboh, M. Ilyas Larson, Eric B. Rogaeva, Ekaterina St George-Hyslop, Peter Hakonarson, Hakon Kukull, Walter A. Farrer, Lindsay A. Barnes, Lisa L. Beach, Thomas G. Demirci, F. Yesim Head, Elizabeth Hulette, Christine M. Jicha, Gregory A. Kauwe, John S. K. Kaye, Jeffrey A. Leverenz, James B. Levey, Allan I. Lieberman, Andrew P. Pankratz, Vernon S. Poon, Wayne W. Quinn, Joseph F. Saykin, Andrew J. Schneider, Lon S. Smith, Amanda G. Sonnen, Joshua A. Stern, Robert A. Van Deerlin, Vivianna M. Van Eldik, Linda J. Harold, Denise Russo, Giancarlo Rubinsztein, David C. Bayer, Anthony Tsolaki, Magda Proitsi, Petra Fox, Nick C. Hampel, Harald Owen, Michael J. Mead, Simon Passmore, Peter Morgan, Kevin Noethen, Markus M. Rossor, Martin Lupton, Michelle K. Hoffmann, Per Kornhuber, Johannes Lawlor, Brian McQuillin, Andrew Al-Chalabi, Ammar Bis, Joshua C. Ruiz, Agustin Boada, Merce Seshadri, Sudha Beiser, Alexa Rice, Kenneth van der Lee, Sven J. De Jager, Philip L. Geschwind, Daniel H. Riemenschneider, Matthias Riedel-Heller, Steffi Rotter, Jerome I. Ransmayr, Gerhard Hyman, Bradley T. Cruchaga, Carlos Alegret, Montserrat Winsvold, Bendik Palta, Priit Farh, Kai-How Cuenca-Leon, Ester Furlotte, Nicholas Kurth, Tobias Ligthart, Lannie Terwindt, Gisela M. Freilinger, Tobias Ran, Caroline Gordon, Scott D. Borck, Guntram Adams, Hieab H. H. Lehtimaki, Terho Wedenoja, Juho Buring, Julie E. Schuerks, Markus Hrafnsdottir, Maria Hottenga, Jouke-Jan Penninx, Brenda Artto, Ville Kaunisto, Mari Vepsalainen, Salli Marti Massachusetts Gen Hosp Analyt Translat Genet Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Med Sch Boston MA 02115 USA Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Stanley Ctr Psychiat Res Cambridge MA 02142 USA Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Program Med & Populat Genet Cambridge MA 02142 USA MIT Dept Math Cambridge MA 02139 USA Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Epidemiol Boston MA USA UCL UK Dementia Res Inst London England UCL Dept Mol Neurosci Inst Neurol London England Stanford Univ Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci Stanford CA 94305 USA Cardiff Univ Med Res Council Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom Inst Psychol Med & Clin Neurosci Cardiff S Glam Wales Cardiff Univ Dementia Res Inst Cardiff S Glam Wales Massachusetts Gen Hosp Ctr Genom Med Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Neurol Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Med Sch Boston MA USA Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen Univ Hosp Inst Stroke & Dementia Res ISD Munich Germany Harvard Med Sch Dept Neurol Brigham & Womens Hosp Boston MA USA Charite Univ Med Berlin Berlin Germany New Jersey Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Newark NJ 07102 USA INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ Lille France Inst Pasteur U1167 Lille France Univ Lille Risk Factors & Mol Determinants Aging Related Dis U1167 RIDAGE Lille France Ctr Hosp Univ Lille France RIKEN Ctr Integrat Med Sci Lab Stat Anal Yokohama Kanagawa Japan Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Med Ctr Genom Med Kyoto Japan INSERM U1061 Neuropsychiat Epidemiol & Clin Res Montpellier France Univ Montpellier Montpellier France Montpellier Univ Hosp Gui Chauliac Memory Res & Resources Ctr Dept Neurol Montpellier France INSERM UMR 1219 Bordeaux France Univ Bordeaux Bordeaux France Rouen Univ Hosp Rouen France INSERM U1245 Rouen France CEA Inst Biol Francois Jacob CNRGH Evry France Hop Broca AP HP Dept Gerontol Paris France Univ Paris Sud XI Hop Paul Brousse Le Kremlin Bicetre Paris France Columbia Univ Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr New York NY USA Columbia Univ Dept Neurol New York NY USA

Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.

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