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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Suda, Yusuke Caputo, Regina Steinhebel, Amanda L. Fleischhack, Henrike Striebig, Nicolas Jadhav, Manoj Luz, Ricardo Violette, Daniel Kierans, Carolyn Tajima, Hiroyasu Fukazawa, Yasushi Leys, Richard Peric, Ivan Metcalfe, Jessica Negro, Michela Perkins, Jeremy S. Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States Catholic University of America 620 Michigan Ave NE WashingtonDC20064 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States ASIC and Detector Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60440 United States Institute for Space Earth Environmental Research Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for The Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Japan

All-sky medium-energy gamma-ray observations are essential to deepen our understanding of physics in extreme astronomical objects such as gamma-ray bursts and active galactic nuclei. Those observations are also highly needed to further develop multi-messenger astronomy. Next-generation all-sky MeV gamma-ray telescopes must have a large area detector and keep high sensitivities even in the energies in which Compton scattering is dominant. Having both a silicon tracker (scatterer) and a calorimeter (absorber) as the main detector is a promising configuration for such a space mission. In order to fulfill the requirements such as a large sensitive area, low noise, high energy/positional resolution, and low power, we have been developing an HV-CMOS active pixel sensor, AstroPix. In this contribution, we report performance evaluations of AstroPix such as I-V and noise, energy calibration/resolution/threshold, and depletion depth measurements. Current achievements as a sensor for next-generation all-sky MeV gamma-ray telescopes and future development will be discussed. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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A-STEP: The AstroPix Sounding Rocket Technology Demonstration Payload

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Violette, Daniel P. Steinhebel, Amanda Roy, Abhradeep Boggs, Ryan Caputo, Regina Durachka, David Fukazawa, Yasushi Hashizume, Masaki Hesh, Scott Jadhav, Manoj Kierans, Carolyn Kumar, Kavic Kushima, Shin Leys, Richard Metcalfe, Jessica Metzler, Zachary Nakano, Norito Peric, Ivan Perkins, Jeremy Seo, Lindsey Taylor Shin, K.-W. Striebig, Nicolas Suda, Yusuke Tajima, Hiroyasu NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan NASA Wallops Flight Facility Wallops IslandVA United States Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Aichi Japan ASIC and Detector Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa CruzCA United States

A next-generation medium-energy (100 keV to 100 MeV) gamma-ray observatory will greatly enhance the identification and characterization of multimessenger sources in the coming decade. Coupling gamma-ray spectroscopy, imaging, and polarization to neutrino and gravitational wave detections will develop our understanding of various astrophysical phenomena including compact object mergers, supernovae remnants, active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts. An observatory operating in the MeV energy regime requires technologies that are capable of measuring Compton scattered photons and photons interacting via pair production. AstroPix is a monolithic high voltage CMOS active pixel sensor which enables future gamma-ray telescopes in this energy range. AstroPix’s design is iterating towards low-power (∼1.5 mW/cm2), high spatial (500 µm pixel pitch) and spectral (2 building block of future large area AstroPix instruments, such as ComPair-2 and AMEGO-X. This payload will be the first demonstration of AstroPix detectors operated in a space environment and will demonstrate the technology’s readiness for future astrophysical and nuclear physics applications. In this work, we overview the design and state of development of the A-STEP payload. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

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AstroPix: Investigating the potential of silicon pixel sensors in the future of gamma-ray astrophysics

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Brewer, Isabella Caputo, Regina Negro, Michela Leys, Richard Kierans, Carolyn Peric, Ivan Metcalfe, Jessica Perkins, Jeremy University of Maryland College ParkMD United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Cir BaltimoreMD21250 United States ASIC and Detector Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Argonne National Laboratory WashingtonDC United States

This paper details preliminary photon measurements with the monolithic silicon detector ATLASPix, a pixel detector built and optimized for the CERN experiment ATLAS. The goal of this paper is to determine the promise of pixelated silicon in future space-based gamma-ray experiments. With this goal in mind, radioactive photon sources were used to determine the energy resolution and detector response of ATLASPix;these are novel measurements for ATLASPix, a detector built for a ground-based particle accelerator. As part of this project a new iteration of monolithic Si pixels, named AstroPix, have been created based on ATLASPix, and the eventual goal is to further optimize AstroPix for gamma-ray detection by constructing a prototype Compton telescope. The energy resolution of both the digital and analog output of ATLASPix is the focus of this paper, as it is a critical metric for Compton telescopes. It was found that with the analog output of the detector, the energy resolution of a single pixel was 7.69 ± 0.13% at 5.89 keV and 7.27 ± 1.18% at 30.1 keV, which exceeds the conservative baseline requirements of 10% resolution at 60 keV and is an encouraging start to an optimistic goal of Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Astrophysics

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Developing the future of gamma-ray astrophysics with monolithic silicon pixels

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Brewer, Isabella Negro, Michela Striebig, Nicolas Kierans, Carolyn Caputo, Regina Leys, Richard Peric, Ivan Fleischhack, Henrike Metcalfe, Jessica Perkins, Jeremy University of Maryland College Park College ParkMD United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD United States ASIC and Detector Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Physics Catholic University of America Washington DC20064 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD United States

This paper explores the potential of AstroPix, a project to develop Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) pixels for the next generation of space-based high-energy astrophysics experiments. Multimessenger astrophysics is a rapidly developing field whose upcoming missions need support from new detector technology such as AstroPix. ATLASPix, a monolithic silicon detector optimized for the ATLAS particle detector at CERN, is the beginning of the larger AstroPix project. Energy resolution is a driving parameter in the reconstruction of gamma-ray events, and therefore the characterization of ATLASPix energy resolution is the focus of this paper. The intrinsic energy resolution of the detector exceeded our baseline requirements of Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Astrophysics

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Performance evaluation of the high-voltage CMOS active pixel sensor AstroPix for gamma-ray space telescopes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Suda, Yusuke Caputo, Regina Steinhebel, Amanda L. Striebig, Nicolas Jadhav, Manoj Fukazawa, Yasushi Hashizume, Masaki Kierans, Carolyn Leys, Richard Metcalfe, Jessica Negro, Michela Perić, Ivan Perkins, Jeremy S. Shin, Taylor Tajima, Hiroyasu Violette, Daniel Nakano, Norito Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashihiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt Rd GreenbeltMDMD 20771 United States 8800 Greenbelt Rd GreenbeltMDMD 20771 United States ASIC and Detector Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Karlsruhe Baden-WürttembergD-76344 Germany Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue LemontILIL 60439 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLALA 70803 United States University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCACA 95064 United States Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Aichi Nagoya464-8601 Japan Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Aichi Nagoya464-8602 Japan

AstroPix is a novel monolithic high-voltage CMOS active pixel sensor proposed for next generation medium-energy gamma-ray observatories like the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer (AMEGO-X). For AMEGO-X AstroPix must maintain a power consumption of less than 1.5 mW/cm2 while having a pixel pitch of up to 500 µm. We developed the second and third versions of AstroPix, namely AstroPix2 and AstroPix3. AstroPix2 and AstroPix3 exhibit power consumptions of 3.4 mW/cm2 and 4.1 mW/cm2, respectively. While AstroPix2 has a pixel pitch of 250 µm, AstroPix3 achieves the desired size for AMEGO-X with a pixel pitch of 500 µm. Performance evaluation of a single pixel in an AstroPix2 chip revealed a dynamic range from 13.9 keV to 59.5 keV, with the energy resolution meeting the AMEGO-X target value (60Co source. The chip was fully operational after irradiation although a decrease in gain by approximately 4% was observed. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Atlaspix3: A high voltage CMOS sensor chip designed for ATLAS Inner Tracker

Atlaspix3: A high voltage CMOS sensor chip designed for ATLA...

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2019 Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics, TWEPP 2019

作者： Prathapan, Mridula Schimassek, Rudolf Benoit, Mathieu Casanova, Raimon Ehrler, Felix Meneses, Annie Pangaud, Patrick Sultan, D.M.S. Vilella, Eva Weber, Alena Wong, Winnie Zhang, Hui Perić, Ivan Aix-Marseille University CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France ASIC and Detector Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Physikalisches Institut University Heidelberg Germany IFAE Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona Spain Department of nuclear physics University of Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics University of Liverpool United Kingdom

ATLASpix3 is a 2×2 cm2 high voltage CMOS sensor chip designed to meet the specifications of outer layers of ATLAS inner tracker. It is compatible with the hybrid pixel sensor asic RD53A in terms of electronic interface and geometry. ATLASpix3 is a depleted monolithic CMOS pixel detector which allows the construction of quad modules of the same size as that of hybrid sensors. The readout scheme can be externally configured as triggered or triggerless column drain readout. The hit information is transmitted through a 1.28 Gbit/s serial link. The interface is based on a single command input that is used for providing clock, trigger and configuration commands. This contribution summarizes the detector architecture with focus on the design of its readout circuitry. In addition, simulation results obtained using ReadOut Modelling Environment (ROME), that led to the design of the readout system are discussed. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Readout systems

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High Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors

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Nuclear Physics News 2018年第1期28卷 25-27页

作者： Perić, Ivan Berger, Niklaus ASIC and Detector Laboratory Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institut für Kernphysik Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz Germany

Ever higher demands on resolution and rate capability drive the development of particle tracking detectors. Especially at low momenta, multiple Coulomb scattering in the material of the detector is also strongly affecting the resolution of momentum measurements. While gas-based detectors such as drift chambers and time projection chambers can be built with very small amounts of material, their rate capability is limited by ageing and space charge effects. Hybrid semiconductor detectors on the other hand combine a depleted (silicon) sensor with a custom amplifier and readout chip. Pixelated devices especially can operate efficiently in very harsh rate and radiation environments such as the innermost parts of the general purpose LHC experiments. The large amount of material introduced by two semiconductor devices connected by a bump bond for each pixel, however, precludes precise tracking of low momentum particles. ©, Copyright Taylor & Francis.

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Design of a HVCMOS pixel sensor asic with on-chip readout electronics for ATLAS ITk upgrade

Design of a HVCMOS pixel sensor ASIC with on-chip readout el...

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2018 Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics, TWEPP 2018

作者： Prathapan, Mridula Barrillon, Pierre Benoit, Mathieu Casanova, Raimon Ehrler, Felix Pangaud, Patrick Pusti, Sourav Schimassek, Rudolf Vilella, Eva Weber, Alena Wong, Winnie Zhang, Hui Perić, Ivan Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France ASIC and Detector Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Physikalisches Institut University Heidelberg Germany Department of Physics IIT Bombay India IFAE Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona Spain Department of nuclear physics University of Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics University of Liverpool United Kingdom

ATLASpix is a series of monolithic High Voltage CMOS (HVCMOS) sensor chips that are engineered to meet the requirements of outer layers of ATLAS ITk pixel tracker for HL-LHC upgrade. They are large collection electrode designs on high resistive wafers to ensure high detection efficiency and radiation tolerance. The readout electronics are placed on the chip periphery. ATLASpix1_M2 prototype is fabricated in a commercial 180 nm CMOS technology and has an active area of 1.6 cm × 0.33 cm. No clock signals are propagated inside the pixel matrix reducing the crosstalk and helping to achieve an estimated power consumption of 300 mW/cm2. This work presents the design of ATLASpix_M2 with emphasis on its readout electronics, together with some experimental results. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Pixels

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