This paper focuses on the conceptual development and the experimental validation of two active structural cells that do not obey the reciprocity principle. Both cells considered, when activated, significantly attenuat...
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The calculation of mileage, emissions and consumption as well as energy management is essentially carried out by means of driving cycle simulation. These system models take into account all components of the vehicle a...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783658208288
ISBN:
(纸本)9783658208271
The calculation of mileage, emissions and consumption as well as energy management is essentially carried out by means of driving cycle simulation. These system models take into account all components of the vehicle and their interaction, whereby mechanical, hydraulic and electrical energy flows can be depicted here. The load states correspond to different standardized or real driving cycles. Such approaches are very suitable for the investigation of system parameters (e.g. total weight), different drive concepts (e.g. stages of hybridization), controls and control systems, as well as influences of road profile and driving cycles as well as driving styles up to integration into the real-time environment at the test stand. The subsystems and components used in this case are limited in their detailing and various influences can often be taken into account only by roughly known factors or simple formulas. These methods quickly reach their limits when it comes to the quantification of local effects, such as friction, with relatively small influences, which in themselves can make an important contribution to the overall improvement of consumption and CO2 emissions. The detailed investigation of such effects for sub-systems and components is carried out using engine cycle simulation by help of enhanced analysis methods with 3D models. Such methods are limited by their high model complexity with respect to the real time to be simulated and are therefore not directly suitable for statements such as consumption or global energy flows. Especially for complex drive trains such as for hybrids, where the energy supply is controlled and adjusted to the actual driving conditions, their applicability is thus limited. In the present paper, an efficient approach is presented in which look-up tables are used for the necessary input data of the driving cycle simulation, which are calculated in advance by means of engine cycle simulations. The two approaches are thus coupled offline. Th
Terrain models typically contain huge amount of data so they are very time consuming for visualization purposes. This especially comes to the forefront when urban environments are included. The main compromise in repr...
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Terrain models typically contain huge amount of data so they are very time consuming for visualization purposes. This especially comes to the forefront when urban environments are included. The main compromise in repr...
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Terrain models typically contain huge amount of data so they are very time consuming for visualization purposes. This especially comes to the forefront when urban environments are included. The main compromise in representation of the complex environments is between achieved quality and time consumption. With the simple texture representation of complex environments we will accomplish fast application, and with the large polygonal meshes, high quality of the rendered scene. In this paper we propose rendering of urban and natural environments using parallax and relief mapping. This approach combines benefits of the rendering of polygonal meshes and texture approach. Thereby, in the proposed approach improved quality on the one side and increased speed on the other side is combined. The applicability of the method is demonstrated trough parallax and relief mapping within the Irrilicht open source graphics engine. The shaders programs were made with the GLSL shader language. As the result, the tests were made to determine the possible usage of parallax and relief mapping in the display of natural and urban environments.
We present a visual analysis and exploration of fluid flow through a cooling jacket. Engineers invest a large amount of time and serious effort to optimize the flow through this engine component because of its importa...
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We present a visual analysis and exploration of fluid flow through a cooling jacket. Engineers invest a large amount of time and serious effort to optimize the flow through this engine component because of its important role in transferring heat away from the engine block. In this study we examine the design goals that engineers apply in order to construct an ideal-as-possible cooling jacket geometry and use a broad range of visualization tools in order to analyze, explore, and present the results. We systematically employ direct, geometric, and texture-based flow visualization techniques as well as automatic feature extraction and interactive feature-based methodology. And we discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of these approaches as well as the challenges, both technical and perceptual with this application. The result is a feature-rich state-of-the-art flow visualization analysis applied to an important and complex data set from real-world computational fluid dynamics simulations.
The target of dynamic simulation is to investigate complex engine dynamic behavior in the whole speed range under different loading conditions in the most effective way during Engine Development Process (EDP). avl has...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0768013194
The target of dynamic simulation is to investigate complex engine dynamic behavior in the whole speed range under different loading conditions in the most effective way during Engine Development Process (EDP). avl has developed a method for transient run-up analysis by using the simulation tool avl EXCITE. The main objective of this new method is the controlled speed increase by defining a speed ramp. Transient run-up analysis is of interest for different kind of analysis during the EDP, such as crankshaft dynamics and strength, low frequency vibration analysis, bracket strength and durability analysis, acoustic analysis, etc. By using this method the time required for simulations and thus the whole project duration is significantly reduced. Conventionally the speed range is divided in single speed steps and for each speed a separate transient simulation has to be performed. The number of these simulations depends on the required speed resolution. The run-up analysis integrates all these separate simulations in one single EXCITE run. As it is possible to analyze the complete speed range of interest continuously in time domain, all resonances can be detected and the complex engine dynamic behavior can be predicted. In addition to reduced process time a transient run-up analysis can give more detailed answers on how a particular parameter influences a specific dynamic behavior of the engine. avl EXCITE is a non-linear flexible multi-body system solver. The components of the power unit are treated as separate flexible parts (subsystems) which perform either only small vibrations (e.g. engine block) or vibrations coupled with big global movements (e.g. crankshaft, connecting rod). The engine components are coupled with forces in the connections by different linear or non-linear joints, considering e.g. The non-linear behavior of the oil film in bearings and piston-liner contacts. Due to the high non-linearities in the system, the analysis is performed in time domain, by
The paper presents calculations of flow in a mixing vessel stirred by a six-blade Rushton impeller. Mathematical model used in computations is based on the ensemble averaged conservation equations. An efficient finite...
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