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Enhancing solid-state lithium metal battery performance via indium-based modification of electrolytes and lithium metal surfaces:mechanistic insights and optimization

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science China Chemistry 2025年第3期68卷 1144-1158页

作者： Zhongkai Wu Chen Liu Ziling Jiang Lin Li Siwu Li Chaochao Wei Qiyue Luo Xia Chen Long Zhang Shijie Cheng Chuang Yu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary ResearchXidian UniversityXi’an 710126China College of Physics and Energy Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China

Argyrodite-based solid-state lithium metal batteries exhibit significant potential as next-generation energy storage ***,their practical applications are constrained by the intrinsic poor stability of argyrodite towards Li metal and exposure to air/***,an indium-involved modification strategy is employed to address these *** optimized doping yields a high Li-ion conductivity of 7.5 mS cm^(-1)for Li_(5.54)In_(0.02)PS_(4.47)O_(0.03)Cl_(1.5)electrolyte,accompanied by enhanced endurance against air/moisture and bare Li *** retains 92.0%of its original conductivity after exposure to air at a low dew point of-60℃in dry ***,a composite layer comprising Li-In alloy and Li F phases is generated on the surface of lithium metal anode via the reaction between InF_(3)and molten *** layer effectively mitigates Li dendrite growth by creating a physical barrier from the robust LiF phase,while the Li-In alloy induces uniform Li-ion deposition and accelerates Li transport dynamics across the interphase between the solid electrolyte/Li ***,the In-doped electrolyte facilitates the in-situ generation of Li-In alloy within its voids,reducing local current density and further inhibiting lithium dendrite ***,the combination of the Li_(5.54)In_(0.02)PS_(4.47)O_(0.03)Cl_(1.5)electrolyte and the InF_(3)@Li anode provides exceptional electrochemical performances in both symmetric cells and solid-state lithium metal batteries across different operating ***,the LiNbO_(3)@LiNi_(0.7)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/Li_(5.54)In_(0.02)PS_(4.47)O_(0.03)Cl_(1.5)/InF_(3)@Li cell delivers a high discharge capacity of 167.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 C under 25℃and retains 80.0%of its initial value after 400 *** work offers a viable strategy for designing functional interfaces with enhanced stability for sulfide-based solid-state lithium batteries.

关键词： Li_(5.5)PS_(4.5)Cl_(1.5)solid electrolyte In_(2)O_(3)dual-doping InF_(3)surface-modification chemical/electrochemical stability electrochemical performance

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Investigations of inelastic cross sections of H_(2)O molecule by He^(2+) and C^(6+) projectiles with energy range around the Bragg peak

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2025年第2期36卷 141-154页

作者： Guo-Zhuang Li Cheng-Ye Sun Rui Cheng Yan-Shi Zhang Liang-Wen Chen Sheng Zhang Xin-Xia Li Lei Yang School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516000China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Interdisciplinary Center for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyJiangyin 214443China Center for Basic Teaching and Experiment Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyJiangyin 214443China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Inelastic collisions are the dominant cause of energy loss in *** the energy range around the Bragg peak,single ionization(SI)and single-electron capture(SC)are the primary inelastic collisions that lead to energy *** study employs the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method to study the SI and SC processes of H_(2)O molecules using He^(2+) and C^(6+) projectiles in the energy range of 10 keV/u to 10 MeV/*** total cross sections,single differential cross sections,impact parameter dependence of SI and SC,and fragmentation cross sections were *** illustrate that the cross section for SI is the highest when the projectile energy is close to the Bragg peak *** the projectile energy is below the Bragg peak energy,the ionized electrons in the forward direction dominate,and the removal of electrons can be associated with large impact *** the projectile energy increases,the emission angle of the electrons gradually transitions from small angles(60°~120°)to large angles(60°~120°),and the removal of electrons is associated with small impact *** energy distributions of the ionized electron are similar when the projectile energy is equal to,below or above the Bragg peak *** fragmentation cross sections after SI and SC in the energy range around the Bragg peak were also estimated.

关键词： Classical trajectory Monte Carlo Heavy ion-water molecule collision Inelastic cross sections

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Optimized reinforcement of granite residual soil using a cement and alkaline solution: A coupling effect

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2025年第1期17卷 509-523页

作者： Bingxiang Yuan Jingkang Liang Baifa Zhang Weijie Chen Xianlun Huang Qingyu Huang Yun Li Peng Yuan School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrates Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China

Granite residual soil (GRS) is a type of weathering soil that can decompose upon contact with water, potentially causing geological hazards. In this study, cement, an alkaline solution, and glass fiber were used to reinforce GRS. The effects of cement content and SiO_(2)/Na2O ratio of the alkaline solution on the static and dynamic strengths of GRS were discussed. Microscopically, the reinforcement mechanism and coupling effect were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the addition of 2% cement and an alkaline solution with an SiO_(2)/Na2O ratio of 0.5 led to the densest matrix, lowest porosity, and highest static compressive strength, which was 4994 kPa with a dynamic impact resistance of 75.4 kN after adding glass fiber. The compressive strength and dynamic impact resistance were a result of the coupling effect of cement hydration, a pozzolanic reaction of clay minerals in the GRS, and the alkali activation of clay minerals. Excessive cement addition or an excessively high SiO_(2)/Na2O ratio in the alkaline solution can have negative effects, such as the destruction of C-(A)-S-H gels by the alkaline solution and hindering the production of N-A-S-H gels. This can result in damage to the matrix of reinforced GRS, leading to a decrease in both static and dynamic strengths. This study suggests that further research is required to gain a more precise understanding of the effects of this mixture in terms of reducing our carbon footprint and optimizing its properties. The findings indicate that cement and alkaline solution are appropriate for GRS and that the reinforced GRS can be used for high-strength foundation and embankment construction. The study provides an analysis of strategies for mitigating and managing GRS slope failures, as well as enhancing roadbed performance.

关键词： Granite residue soil(GRS) Reinforcement Coupling effect Alkali activation Mechanical properties

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Single‑Neuron Reconstruction of the Macaque Primary Motor Cortex Reveals the Diversity of Neuronal Morphology

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2025年第3期41卷 525-530页

作者： Siyu Li Yan Shen Yefei Chen Zexuan Hong Lewei Zhang Lufeng Ding Chao‑Yu Yang Xiaoyang Qi Quqing Shen Yanyang Xiao Pak‑Ming Lau Zhonghua Lu Fang Xu Guo‑Qiang Bi CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Technological Research Center for Primate Translational Medicine Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural DevelopmentShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhen 518107China

Dear Editor,The primary motor cortex,also known as MOp in rodents,F1,or M1 in primates[1],plays a crucial role in autonomous motor *** is interconnected with other motor control structures such as the basal ganglia,thalamus,and *** these connections,the corticostriatal system plays a significant role in functions including action selection,motor control,sequence learning,and habit formation[2].

关键词： habit formation autonomous motor controlit morphology action selectionmotor corticostriatal system neuron basal gangliathalamusand primary motor cortexalso

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Atomic origin of minor alloying element effect on glass forming ability of metallic glass

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第3期34卷 483-489页

作者： Shan Zhang Qingan Li Yong Yang Pengfei Guan Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloon TongKowloonHong KongChina Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences Research(AiR)Center Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China

The glass-forming ability(GFA)of metallic glasses is a key scientific challenge in their development and application,with compositional dependence playing a crucial *** studies have demonstrated that the addition of specific minor elements can greatly enhance the GFA of parent alloys,yet the underlying mechanism remains *** this study,we use the ZrCuAl system as a model to explore how the addition of minor Al influences the crystallization rate by modulating the properties of the crystal-liquid interface,thereby affecting the *** results reveal that the minor addition of Al significantly reduces the crystal growth rate,a phenomenon not governed by particle density fluctuations at the *** impact of minor element additions extends beyond a modest increase in crystal-unfavorable motifs in the bulk supercooled *** importantly,it leads to a significant enrichment of these motifs at the crystal-supercooled liquid interface,forming a dense topological network of crystal-unfavorable structures that effectively prevent the growth of the crystalline interface and enhance *** results provide valuable insights for the design and development of high-performance metallic glasses.

关键词： metallic glass glass forming ability interface structure molecular dynamics(MD)

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Accelerated Transition Rates in Generalized Kramers Problems for Non-Variational, Non-Normal Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Troude, Virgile Sornette, Didier Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

Kramers’ escape problem serves as a paradigm for understanding transitions and various types of reactions, such as chemical and nuclear reactions, in systems driven by thermal fluctuations and damping, particularly within the realm of classical variational dynamics. Here, we generalize Kramers’ problem to processes with non-normal dynamics characterized by asymmetry, hierarchy, and stochastic fluctuations, where transient amplification and stochastic perturbations play a critical role. The obtained generalized escape rates are structurally similar to those for variational systems, but with a renormalized temperature proportional to the square of the condition number κ which measures non-normality. Because κ can take large values (e.g., 10 or more) in many systems, the resulting acceleration of transition rates can be enormous, given the exponential dependence on the inverse temperature in Kramers’ formula. We propose that non-normal accelerated escape rates are relevant to a wide range of systems, including biological metabolism, ecosystem shifts, climate dynamics, and socio-economic processes. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Fe single atom trigger asymmetric In-In polarized site pairs boosting near-infrared N2 photoreduction

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Materials Today 2025年 86卷 96-103页

作者： Liang, Huimin Ye, Caichao Wu, Yao Li, Yezi Long, Ran Xiong, Jun Jiang, Wei Di, Jun School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Department of Materials Science and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Materials Science & Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China

Building differentiated charge distributed polarized atomic pairs may be an alternative for N2 activation. In this work, CuInS2 atomic layers with asymmetric In-In polarized site pairs are prepared by doping Fe single atoms, as proved by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectra and calculated atomic charge distribution. The engineered Fe single atoms tuned the surface atomic charge distribution, building local polarization center to boost directional surface charge separation. The formed In-In polarized site pairs with asymmetric charge distribution creates distinct interaction with two N atoms in N2 molecule, contributing to the enhanced activation of N2. The alternating pathway is regarded as hydrogenation pathway over Fe-CuInS2 with *NNH formation as rate-determining step. The charge-redistributed surface atomic structure after engineered Fe single atoms strengthens intermediate interaction and lower the rate-determining step energy barrier. Benefiting from these features, Fe-CuInS2 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation with an ammonia synthesis rate of 94.1 μmol g−1 h−1. In comparison, the N2-NH3 conversion rate of Fe-CuInS2 under ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) irradiation could reach 137.4 μmol g−1 h−1, which is about 6.8 times higher than that of CuInS2. The apparent quantum efficiencies of Fe-CuInS2-2 at 380, 400, 450, 500, 550, 650, 700, 800, 850 and 1064 nm were 3.0 %, 3.3 %, 2.7 %, 2.1 %, 2.0 %, 1.5 %, 1.3 %, 0.4 %, 0.7 % and 0.6 %, respectively. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： X ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

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Polybenzimidazolium-reinforced polyimide separators to inhibit dendrites for high-security lithium-ion batteries

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science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Guohua Sun Jiaqi Cui Qingsong Zhang Yisong Zhou Xinluo Li Yingying Zhang Zhanao Zhang Xin Zhang Jiantao Fan Pengpeng Li Lianlong Hou Nanjun Chen Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University

Lithium dendrite formation poses a significant safety hazard in lithium-ion batteries（LIBs）, severely impeding their widespread adoption and further technological advancements. Here, we present a novel quaternized polybenzimidazolium（q-PBI） to armor polyimide（PI） nanofiber separator（q-PBI@PI）, in which the q-PBI containing lithiophilicity and anionphilicity sites serves as the multifunctional nano-layers to suppress the Li dendrite and reinforce the mechanical properties of PI nanofiber ***, the q-PBI@PI separator displays an unprecedented mechanical strength of 82.8 MPa, significantly outperforming previously reported PI nanofiber membranes（typically below 50.0 MPa）. Besides, we demonstrate that the q-PBI@PI separator simultaneously possesses low nucleation overpotential（59 mV） and exceptional average coulombic efficiency due to the suppression of Li dendrite. Importantly, q-PBI@PI-based Li||Li battery enables a stable Li plating-stripping at 1.0 m A cm-2for600 h. Attributing to these exceptional merits, the armored PI separator-based LIBs display remarkable specific capability and capacity retention. The density function theory calculations reveal that q-PBI is conducive to the desolvation of Li+and can immobilize Li+and PF6-ions near affinity sites of PI nanofibers for inhibiting the formation of Li dendrites. Our work paves a new avenue for the design of next-generation high-performing separators in LIBs.

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IsoVISoR: Towards 3D Mesoscale Brain Mapping of Large Mammals at Isotropic Sub-micron Resolution

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2025年第2期41卷 344-348页

作者： Chao-Yu Yang Yan Shen Xiaoyang Qi Lufeng Ding Yanyang Xiao Qingyuan Zhu Hao Wang Cheng Xu Pak-Ming Lau Pengcheng Zhou Fang Xu Guo-Qiang Bi Division of Life Sciences and Medicine CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China Center for Integrative Imaging Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology and Application MoE Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Perception and CognitionSchool of Information Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing Institute of Artificial IntelligenceHefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei230088China Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhen518107China CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China

Dear Editor,The mammalian brain exhibits cross-scale complexity in neuronal morphology and connectivity,the study of which demands high-resolution morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire brain[1-4].Current commonly used approaches for such mesoscale brain mapping include two main types of three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy:the block-face methods,and the lightsheet-based methods[5,6].In general,the high imaging speed and light efficiency of light-sheet microscopy make it a suitable tool for high-throughput volumetric imaging,especially when combined with tissue-clearing ***,large brain samples pose major challenges to this approach.

关键词： brain mapping three dimensional fluorescence microscopy mesoscale brain mapping lightsheet based methods block face methods high throughput volumetric imaging tissue clearing techniques

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Direct Wafer Bonding of Silicon Carbide and Copper

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年第19期17卷 28799-28807页

作者： Huang, Szuyu Liu, Fachen Mao, Ruilin Guo, Qi Li, Sheng Sun, Fangyuan Wang, Zhenzhong Gao, Peng International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Electron Microscopy Laboratory School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Jiangsu215100 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials Peking University Beijing100871 China

Silicon carbide (SiC), known for its wide bandgap and exceptional resistance to high temperatures and pressures, is widely used in high-power devices that operate efficiently at temperatures exceeding 400 °C. Especially when combined with Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) substrates, these devices exhibit excellent heat dissipation capabilities. However, during packaging, conventional soldering materials start to degrade around 200 °C due to oxidation or aging, leading to diminished reliability and shorter device lifespans. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of high-quality SiC/Cu systems using the wafer bonding approach, achieving an interface bonding strength of ∼57 MPa. Atomically resolved electron microscopy and spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the bonding is robust across all Cu crystal orientations and free of oxide layers. Furthermore, owing to the excellent interface quality, the interfacial thermal conductance, as measured by time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements, reaches an impressively high value of ∼0.128 GW/m2K, which is further corroborated by thermal simulation calculations. Subsequent nanoscale phonon measurements and analyses disclose that interface phonons play a crucial role in endowing the SiC/Cu bonding system with excellent thermal performance. This study demonstrates that the direct wafer bonding strategy is an effective approach for fabricating high-quality SiC/Cu heterostructures with robust mechanical and thermal properties. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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