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Missing Data Imputation: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of computer and Communications 2024年第11期12卷 53-75页

作者： Majed Alwateer El-Sayed Atlam Mahmoud Mohammed Abd El-Raouf Osama A. Ghoneim Ibrahim Gad Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Yanbu Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt Basic and Applied Science Institute College of Engineering and Technology Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST) Alexandria Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and informatics Tanta University Tanta Egypt

Missing data presents a significant challenge in statistical analysis and machine learning, often resulting in biased outcomes and diminished efficiency. This comprehensive review investigates various imputation techniques, categorizing them into three primary approaches: deterministic methods, probabilistic models, and machine learning algorithms. Traditional techniques, including mean or mode imputation, regression imputation, and last observation carried forward, are evaluated alongside more contemporary methods such as multiple imputation, expectation-maximization, and deep learning strategies. The strengths and limitations of each approach are outlined. Key considerations for selecting appropriate methods, based on data characteristics and research objectives, are discussed. The importance of evaluating imputation’s impact on subsequent analyses is emphasized. This synthesis of recent advancements and best practices provides researchers with a robust framework for effectively handling missing data, thereby improving the reliability of empirical findings across diverse disciplines.

关键词： Missing Data Machine Learning Prediction Deep Learning Imputation

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Leveraging Channel Capacity of a Macro Diversity MIMO System in Gamma-Shadowed Nakagami-m Fading Channel for QoS estimation using Quantum Machine Learning 30

Leveraging Channel Capacity of a Macro Diversity MIMO System...

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30th Telecommunications Forum, TELFOR 2022

作者： Suljovic, Suad Vujovic, Vuk Markovic, Filip Milic, Dejan Petrovic, Nenad Lazarevic, Angelina Academy of Technical Vocational Studies Applied Engineering Sciences Belgrade Serbia MB University Computer Science and Informatics Information Technology Belgrade Serbia University of Prišrina Faculty of Technical Sciences Computer Science and Informatics Mitrovica Serbia University of Niš Telecommunications Faculty of Electronic Engineering Niš Serbia University of Niš Faculty of Electronic Engineering Computer Science and Informatics Niš Serbia

ISBN: (数字)9781665472739

ISBN: (纸本)9781665472739

In this paper we consider a system of one macro diversity SC receiver (MD SC) and two micro MRC (mD MRC) receivers, operating in a Nakagami-m multipath environment with gamma shadowing. The combination of the maximum L-branch SNR signal-to-noise ratio is realized at the micro level, and the selector combiner (SC) with two base stations is realized at the macro level. A closed-form expression for the channel capacity (CC) of the envelope of the SC macro diversity output signal is calculated. Graphical results show the effects of different system parameters on system performance, as well as the improvement due to the use of a combination of the micro and macro diversity. The derived expressions are used within GPU-based mobile network for modeling, planning and simulation of the system to estimate the quality of service (QoS). © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Machine learning

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Analysis of Efficient Network Security using Machine Learning in Convolutional Neural Network Methods 1

Analysis of Efficient Network Security using Machine Learnin...

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1st International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing, ICAAIC 2022

作者： Pandey, Amit Genale, Assefa Senbato Janga, Vijaykumar Sundaram, B. Barani Awoke, Desalegn Karthika, P. College of Informatics Bule Hora University Bule hora Ethiopia College of Informatics Bule Hora University Department of Computer Science Bule hora Ethiopia College of Informatics Bule Hora University ICT-CE Computer Science Department Bule hora Ethiopia Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665497107

Several excellent devices can communicate without the need for human intervention. It is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the history of computing, with an estimated 50 billion devices sold by the end of 2020. On the one hand, IoT developments play a crucial role in upgrading a few simple, intelligent applications that can increase living quality. On the other hand, the security concerns have been noted to the cross-cutting idea of frameworks and the multidisciplinary components connected with their organization. As a result, encryption, validation, access control, network security, and application security initiatives for gadgets and their inherent flaws cannot be implemented. It should upgrade existing security measures to ensure that the ML environment is sufficiently protected. Machine learning (ML) has advanced tremendously in the last few years. Machine insight has evolved from a research center curiosity to a sensible instrument in a few critical applications. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Cryptography

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Advancing general robotic manipulation with multimodal foundation models: An embodied AI paradigm

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science China(Technological sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 290-292页

作者： Shifeng HUANG He WANG Xing ZHOU Wenkai CHEN Haibin YANG Jianwei ZHANG Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Foshan Institute of Intelligent Equipment Technology Foshan 528234China Foshan Huashu Robot Co. Ltd.Foshan 528234China Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies(CFCS) School of Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100084China Department of Informatics Universität HamburgHamburg 20146Germany

Can current robotic technologies truly replicate the full scope and intricacies of human labour?In practice,the adoption of robots remains limited,especially in open,unstructured environments commonly encountered in everyday scenarios such as services,healthcare,agriculture,construction,and numerous other *** the perspective of general robotic manipulation,the challenges arise from three factors.(1)High operational barriers:human operators are obliged to master specialized robotic programming languages and gain a deep understanding of the tasks at *** tasks need to be broken down into action-level robotic programs,which results in high labour costs.(2)Limited autonomous task execution:robots lack the capability to independently plan and execute actions required to achieve the target *** limitation renders them unsuitable for deployment in open,unstructured environments that demand sophisticated interaction and seamless collaboration with humans.

关键词： multimodal foundation models autonomous task execution robotic manipulationthe general robotic manipulation robotic programming language embodied AI operational barriers robotic technologies

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Bounds on the Rate of Convergence for a class of Birth-death Process with Two Types of Catastrophes 8

Bounds on the Rate of Convergence for a class of Birth-death...

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8th International Conference on Information, Control, and Communication Technologies, ICCT 2024

作者： Zeifman, Alexander Usov, Ilya Kryukova, Anastasia Satin, Yacov Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics Moscow Russia Computer Science and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences Federal Research Center Moscow Russia Vologda Research Center The Russian Academy of Sciences Vologda Russia Vologda State University Department of Mathematics and Informatics Vologda Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517564

This paper examines a special class of inhomogeneous birth-death process with two types of catastrophes. The first catastrophe, denoted as the α(t) catastrophe, results in the complete annihilation of all individuals in the system, while the second, β(t) catastrophe, leads to the partial demise of individuals, leaving only one survivor. In addition, we deal with general type of impatience. Namely, we assume that the incoming arrival rates decrease and the service rates increase as the queue length increases. By analyzing the forward Kolmogorov system and employing the logarithmic norm of the reduced infinitesimal characteristic matrix, we derived an estimate for the convergence rate to the limiting regime in both the l1 norm and the "weighted"1D norm. Additionally, we provided an estimate for the expected number of individuals remaining in the system. A numerical example is presented, wherein the process X(t) is analyzed with specific intensity functions, illustrating the behavior of probabilities p0(t), p1(t), p2(t) along with their mean values. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Markov chains

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Desynchronization of a Synchronous Circuit to Synthesize Self-Timed Circuit

Desynchronization of a Synchronous Circuit to Synthesize Sel...

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IEEE NW Russia Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (EIConRusNW)

作者： Dmitry V. Khilko Yuri A. Stepchenkov Georgy A. Orlov Artem A. Grigoriev Yuri G. Diachenko Institute of Informatics Problems Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

Within the article the issue of automatic synthesis of self-timed circuits from the original synchronous description in the Verilog language is covered. The key stage in the synthesis of a self-timed circuit is the procedure that identifies the circuit pipeline organization followed by desynchronization. The essence of desynchronization is to replace the global clock signal with a set of request-response interaction signals between functional blocks within an interstage pipeline. This method uses the open source Yosys synthesis toolkit to transform the original behavioral description into a set of logical equations and library elements. The resulting set is subjected to a desynchronization procedure and is formed as a task for further synthesis of a self-timed circuit in the Verilog language. In this case, indication of the end of transient processes is implemented both in combinational and memory circuits.

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Self-Timed Trigger Synthesis with Composite Write-Enable Input

Self-Timed Trigger Synthesis with Composite Write-Enable Inp...

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IEEE NW Russia Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (EIConRusNW)

作者： Yuri A. Stepchenkov Yuri G. Diachenko Dmitri V. Khilko Nikolai V. Morozov Sergey V. Berstnev Dmitri Y. Stepchenkov Institute of informatics problems Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The article analyzes the correct implementation problem for self-timed latches and flip-flops with a composite write-enable input. Latch and flip-flop circuit implementation cases are described depending on the type of self-timed coding of input signals. A software tool verifying digital circuits on self-timing proves the proposed circuitry solution’s correctness.

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Methodology for Assessing the Level of Threats Based on a Limited Set of Data While Ensuring the Safety of On-Board Systems

Methodology for Assessing the Level of Threats Based on a Li...

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2022 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications, SOSG 2022

作者： Voronin, E.A. Kozlov, S.V. Kubankov, A.N. Federal Research Center Computer Science and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665406352

In order to ensure the operational and effective safety of on-board systems created for their offline use, it is necessary to apply methods of forecasting threats and choosing the optimal strategy for preventing their consequences. Threats to economic security regarding the life cycle of on-board systems created in the digital economy are usually determined by the level and probability of external, influencing factors that determine the stability and operation of the support system for their life cycle, as which the economic system is considered. From the point of view of systems theory and system analysis, these factors are commonly referred to as environmental state variables. They are random in nature and, when mathematically described, can be continuous, discrete, or categorical. Continuous variables, when they are registered, are represented in the form of graphs or register diagrams. But for statistical and mathematical processing, they are translated into a table format or a discrete form, which, in fact, reduces them to a specific form. Discrete values of environmental variables are recorded in the form of tables or numerical sequences. Categorical variables have the meaning of logical or Boolean values and are registered in the form of tables. The prediction of categorical variables, based on the mathematical definition of safety, must be made by assessing the probability of their manifestation and impact on the life cycle support system of on-board systems as complex technical systems. The main problem in this case is the insufficient volume of statistical data to obtain estimates with a sufficient level of confidence and a tight decision-making time. The presented paper presents a Bayesian approach and a method for assessing the likelihood of threats on a limited set of data flow. Given the universal nature of the presented methodological approach to assessing the level of threats on a limited set of data in relation to assessing the safety of the on-boar

关键词： Life cycle

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Software-Defined Networking Model for Unmanned Systems Projects

Software-Defined Networking Model for Unmanned Systems Proje...

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2022 Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems, WECONF 2022

作者： Kozlov, S.V. Kubankov, A.N. Shabanov, A.P. Russian Academy of Sciences Federal Research Center Computer Science and Control Moscow Russia Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462402

The research is carried out on the issues of building a software-adaptable network based on intentions and intended for intellectual support of promising instrument-engineering projects in the field of creating unmanned systems. Intentions are understood as the ordering of a certain level of quality of research experience (QoE metrics) with the goal of providing access to it, regardless of whether the network's clients belong to various sectors of the economy and management spheres, but depending on their needs for research results. The network's customers are organizational systems - sources of research results and their potential consumers, who use the research results in projects for the design of digital models and the development of microelectronic components and devices for unmanned vehicles for ground, air and other applications. The analysis of known models of a software-adaptable network is carried out and a new model is developed. The novelty of the model is determined by its architecture, which provides automatic identification of addresses of potential consumers of research results based on their needs recorded in the network and research metrics. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Software defined networking

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Novel SSD-Based Models for Detection of Multidimensional Pulmonary Nodules in CT Images 7

Novel SSD-Based Models for Detection of Multidimensional Pul...

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7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Information Security, ICSPIS 2024

作者： Ji, Zhanlin Hao, Shengnan Pang, Jianhua Ganchev, Ivan Zhejiang A&F University College of Mathematics and Computer Science Hangzhou China North China University of Science and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence Tangshan China University of Plovdiv 'Paisii Hilendarski' Department of Computer Systems Plovdiv Bulgaria Institute of Mathematics and Informatics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Limerick Telecommunications Research Centre Limerick Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368673

Lung cancer, as one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality rates in the world, has always been a big challenge that humans are constantly striving to address. Pulmonary nodules, as one of the early manifestations of lung cancer, constitute a breakthrough in early detection of this disease and its prompt treatment. Currently, significant progress has been made in object detection models based on deep learning in the context of increasingly scarce medical resources. To make pulmonary nodule detection more efficient and accurate, this paper proposes two novel models, based on the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) model. The proposed models adapt to the detection of small pulmonary nodules by changing the size of the feature map of the input prediction module. In addition, the prediction frame is modified to make greater use of the shallow feature layer. A group of up-sampling modules is added by increasing asymmetric convolution and a feature pyramid network (FPN) mechanism is used for improving the detection performance. The experimental results, obtained on the LUNA16 dataset, demonstrate that the proposed models achieve great performance improvement compared to the baseline (SSD). © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Lung cancer

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