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Electronics design Automation (ISEdA), International Symposium of

作者： Guangjian He Jing Xue Taian Fan Yayi Wei Computational Lithography R&D Center Guangdong Greater Bay Area Institute of Integrated Circuit and System Guangzhou China Achievement Transformation Department Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Integrated Circuits Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Advanced Semiconductor Technology Development Department Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The stochastic effects in photoresist patterning is of great concern in the implementation of EUV lithography. The stochastic nature of EUV chemically amplified resist requires new modeling approaches rather than the continuous model used in dUV. In this paper, a stochastic model based on Gillespie algorithm is introduced, which subdivides the resist volume into many rectangular small cells and simulates the reaction-diffusion behavior of molecules in a cell volume according to carefully calculated probability. In addition, we further explore the influence of the cell size on the stochastic model. There is an optimal cell size in consideration of precision and running time. When cell size is sufficiently large, the results will approximate to the continuous model.

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Sequential Optimization-Based Parameter Identification for Multi-Timescale Electromechanical Model of Battery

SSRN

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SSrN 2024年

作者： Choi, Hyunhee Choi, Yong Hwan Youn, Byeng d. Lee, Guesuk Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of R&D Division Hyundai Motor Company Hwaseong18280 Korea Republic of Institute of Advanced Machines and Design Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of OnePredict Inc. Seoul06160 Korea Republic of Korea Electronics Technology Institute Gyeonggi-do 13509 Korea Republic of

In the battery systems within electric vehicles, battery modules/packs are fixed, imposing mechanical stress due to the swelling effect. This stress significantly impacts the reliability of the battery cells and the safety design of external structures. To achieve an ideal stress condition internally, it is crucial for the battery system model to accurately simulate electromechanical behaviors. However, existing research on mechanical stress of battery systems has primarily considered only the viscoelastic properties or the interaction of swelling with the state of charge. Additionally, identifying these characteristic parameters necessitates conducting specific experiments or performing optimization-based parameter identification. These identification methods require either extensive experiments or the estimation of numerous parameters, demanding time and cost. This study proposes a multi-timescale electromechanical model that includes degradation, along with an efficient sequential optimization-based method for parameter estimation. The proposed method requires only a single experiment in a pressurized setup, significantly reducing costs in the development phase. The parameter identification process is divided into two timescales: short-term and long-term. The short-term identification enhances accuracy and computation time by sequentially estimating parameters using physics from internal structure. The long-term identification reflects model degradation through cycle-based updates. The validation process confirms the efficiency of our proposed method in parameter identification compared to existing techniques and highlights the importance of update due to degradation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Fermi-surface origin of skyrmion lattices in centrosymmetric rare-earth intermetallics

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bouaziz, Juba Mendive-Tapia, Eduardo Blügel, Stefan Staunton, Julie B. Peter Grünberg Institut Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA JülichD-52425 Germany Department of Physics University of Warwick CoventryCV4 7AL United Kingdom Department of Computational Materials Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Düsseldorf40237 Germany

We show from first-principles that barrel-shaped structures within the Fermi surface of the centrosymmetric intermetallic compounds Gdru2Si2 and Gd2PdSi3 give rise to Fermi surface nesting, which determines the strength and sign of quasi-two-dimensional ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida pairwise exchange interactions between the Gd moments. This is the principal mechanism leading to their helical single-q spin-spiral ground states, providing transition temperatures and magnetic periods in good agreement with experiment. Using atomistic spin-dynamic simulations, we draw a direct line between the subtleties of the three-dimensional Fermi surface topology and the stabilization of a square skyrmion lattice in Gdru2Si2 at applied magnetic fields as observed in experiment. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ground state

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Ab initio calculation of the magnetic Gibbs free energy of materials using magnetically constrained supercells

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Mendive-Tapia, Eduardo Neugebauer, Jörg Hickel, Tilmann Department of Computational Materials Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Düsseldorf40237 Germany Peter Grünberg Institut Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA JülichD-52425 Germany BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Berlin12489 Germany

We present a first-principles approach for the computation of the magnetic Gibbs free energy of materials using magnetically constrained supercell calculations. Our approach is based on an adiabatic approximation of slowly varying local moment orientations, the so-called finite-temperature disordered local moment picture. It describes magnetic phase transitions and how electronic and/or magnetostructural mechanisms generate a discontinuous (first-order) character. We demonstrate that the statistical mechanics of the local moment orientations can be described by an affordable number of supercell calculations containing noncollinear magnetic configurations. The applicability of our approach is illustrated by firstly studying the ferromagnetic state in bcc Fe. We then investigate the temperature-dependent properties of a triangular antiferromagnetic state stabilizing in two antiperovskite systems Mn3AN (A = Ga, Ni). Our calculations provide the negative volume expansion of these materials as well as the ab initio origin of the discontinuous character of the phase transitions, electronic and/or magnetostructural, in good agreement with experiment. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Gibbs free energy

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γ′-size effect on the deformation microstructure and texture in a Ni-based superalloy using in-situ neutron diffraction

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Scripta Materialia 2023年第1期236卷

作者： Yan, Zhiran Srikakulapu, Kiranbabu Gao, Yi Qin, Hailong rong, Yi Bi, Zhongnan Xie, Qingge An, Ke Wang, Yan-dong Tan, Qing Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Düsseldorf40237 Germany Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced High Temperature Materials Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States

The γ′-size effect on the evolution of microstructure and grain rotation during tensile deformation in a polycrystalline Ni-based superalloy was investigated by in-situ neutron diffraction technique. diffraction profile analysis was employed to evaluate the dislocation density and deformed subgrain size distribution, revealing that alloys with fine and coarse γ′ possess dislocation shearing and Orowan dislocation bypassing, respectively. The high strain hardening in the coarse γ′ specimen is attributed to the more pronounced accelerated accumulation of dislocations compared to the fine γ′ specimen. Moreover, the specimen with coarse γ′ precipitate exhibits a lower orientation rotation rate, resulting in weaker and fiber texture components upon tensile straining. The use of neutron diffraction combined with electron microscopy provided multiscale insights into the deformation microstructure and changes in the lattice orientation. © 2023

关键词： Neutron diffraction

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dual-feed, dipole antenna system for 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz, tri-band WLAN laptop applications

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Progress In Electromagnetics research C 2020年 102卷 175-185页

作者： Wan, Che-Chi Su, Saou-Wen Antenna Design Department Advanced EM & Wireless Communication R&D Center ASUS Taipei11259 Taiwan

A low-profile, printed dipole antenna having two feed ports with two parasitic strips for tri-band operation in the 2.4 GHz (2400–2484 MHz), 5.2 GHz (5150–5350 MHz), and 5.8 GHz (5725– 5825 MHz) wireless local area network (WLAN) bands is presented. The strip dipole is coupled-fed via a chip capacitor connected to a dual-feed network and generates the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands with the aid of the tuning stubs in the feed network. The two parasitic strips are further employed to introduce additional resonance to cover the 5.8 GHz band. It was found that by loading the chip capacitor with proper values between the strip dipole and the dual-feed network, the port decoupling in both the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands can be improved, making a dual-feed and yet single antenna system possible. The design with constant strip width is simple in structure and occupies a compact size of 5 mm × 40 mm (about 0.04-λ × 0.32-λ at 2.4 GHz), which is well-suited to current narrow-bezel laptop computers. © 2020, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laptop computers

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Controlling Factors and Involved Mechanisms on Forming Alginate Like Extracellular Polymers in Flocculent Sludge

SSRN

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SSrN 2022年

作者： Hao, Xiaodi Li, Ji Gan, Wei van Loosdrecht, Mark M.C.M. Wu, Yuanyuan Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Beijing100044 China Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 HZ Delft 2629 Netherlands

Alginate like extracellular polymers (ALE) recovered from excess sludge have been evaluated as an eco-friendly, cost effective and sustainable alternative to highly valued materials. However, the ALE extraction from flocculent sludge ranges normally from 90 to190 mg/g VSS, which is only equivalent to the lowest edge of the ALE production from aerobic granular sludge (AGS). As flocculent sludge is much higher in production than AGS, it is worth investigating the key factors controlling the ALE formation in flocculent sludge for potential applications. For this reason, some influent characteristics & operational parameters and the associated mechanisms were experimentally investigated with flocculent sludge in lab-scale sequencing batch bioreactors (SBrs). The results indicate that flocculent sludge with starch being a substrate contained the highest ALE production (220.3±8.0 mg/g VSS). Low temperature was more favorable to enriching ALE, up to 303.3±21.5 mg/g VSS at 12 oC. Moreover, ALE reached up to 137.8±13.2 mg/g VSS at C:N=5:1 and slightly declined with increased or decreased C/N. The specific ALE yield was 63.7 mg ALE/(g BOd5) at a low organic load, which was twice as high as those with high organic loadings. However, SrT had a minor effect on the ALE formation. Although a band of the factors controlling the ALE formation in flocculent sludge needs to be further studied, different parameters would exert significant influence on the composition and chemical properties of ALE, which also implies that the parameters could be controlled to directionally cultivate ALE with the unique structures. In a word, adjusting or optimizing the influent characteristics and operational parameters could improve the formation, production and characteristics of ALE for wide applications. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Temperature

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Microstructure Engineering during directed Energy deposition of Al-0.5sc-0.5si Alloy Using Heated Build Platform

SSRN

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SSrN 2022年

作者： Singh, Amit Kumar Mundada, Yasham Bajaj, Priyanshu Wilms, Markus B. Patil, Jeet P. Mishra, Sushil Kumar Arora, Amit Advanced Materials Processing Research Group Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gandhinagar382355 India Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Düsseldorf40237 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT Aachen52074 Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

Achieving a specific solidification morphology during the directed energy deposition process can be key to desired properties of the deposited part. The careful control of thermal gradient and cooling rates can be utilized to achieve these grain morphologies. The heating of the build platform and post-deposition heat treatment are two ways in which we have shown to control these solidification parameters. Three-dimensional heat transfer and material flow model along with columnar-to-equiaxed transition diagram have been used to model the process and the microstructure evolution during laser-assisted directed energy deposition of Al-0.5Sc-0.5Si alloy powder. The computed results have been validated using the experimentally measured thermal cycles and melt pool shape and sizes. The computed thermal gradient and cooling rates are used to predict the solidification morphology compared with the experimentally observed microstructure. For a specific set of deposition parameters, the fraction of equiaxed grains is least in the bottom layers, highest in the middle layers, and reduced in the top layer. The increasing build platform temperature increases the fraction of equiaxed grains in any specific deposited layer. The microhardness of various layers in different specimens as a function of build platform temperature is also shown to be a function of the solidification microstructure. The developed and validated numerical model is able to predict the microstructure evolution and can be a tool for further microstructure engineering during the L-dEd process. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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A diverse set of two-qubit gates for spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ni, Ming Ma, rong-Long Kong, Zhen-Zhen Chu, Ning Zhu, Sheng-Kai Wang, Chu Li, Ao-ran Liao, Wei-Zhu Cao, Gang Wang, Gui-Lei Guo, Guang-Can Hu, Xuedong Li, Hai-Ou Guo, Guo-Ping CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China Department of Physics University at Buffalo SUNY BuffaloNY14260 United States Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology Beijing100176 China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230088 China Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited Anhui Hefei230026 China

To realize large-scale quantum information processes, an ideal scheme for two-qubit operations should enable diverse operations with given hardware and physical interaction. However, for spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots, the common two-qubit operations, including CPhase gates, SWAP gates, and CrOT gates, are realized with distinct parameter regions and control waveforms, posing challenges for their simultaneous implementation. Here, taking advantage of the inherent Heisenberg interaction between spin qubits, we propose and verify a fast composite two-qubit gate scheme to extend the available two-qubit gate types as well as reduce the requirements for device properties. Apart from the formerly proposed CPhase (controlled-phase) gates and SWAP gates, theoretical results indicate that the iSWAP-family gate and Fermionic simulation (fSim) gate set are additionally available for spin qubits. Meanwhile, our gate scheme limits the parameter requirements of all essential two-qubit gates to a common J~∆EZ region, facilitate the simultaneous realization of them. Furthermore, we present the preliminary experimental demonstration of the composite gate scheme, observing excellent match between the measured and simulated results. With this versatile composite gate scheme, broad-spectrum two-qubit operations allow us to efficiently utilize the hardware and the underlying physics resources, helping accelerate and broaden the scope of the upcoming noise intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

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Characterising voids and wrinkles in curved carbon fibre reinforced polymer parts using µ-CT and optical microscopy 18

Characterising voids and wrinkles in curved carbon fibre rei...

引用

18th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM 2018

作者： ramesh, Abhiram Battley, Mark Allen, Tom Hickey, Chris Centre for Advanced Composite Materials Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Auckland 314-390 Khyber Pass Road Newmarket Auckland New Zealand Centre for Advanced Composite Materials Department of Engineering Science University of Auckland 314-390 Khyber Pass Road Newmarket Auckland New Zealand R and D and Design Southern Spars Ltd 15 Jomac Place Avondale Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781510896932

defects such as voids and wrinkles may be formed in high performance carbon fibre reinforced polymer parts during manufacturing. These defects have been found to occur more frequently and in higher severities near areas of curvature, especially for thicker laminates, and have previously been shown to result in reduction of the elastic properties and strengths of parts. This study investigates techniques to identify and characterise these defects using micro-computer tomography, microscopy and image processing tools in order to improve their classifications and provide geometric information for analysis of their effects. Two independent techniques were developed during this study to characterise defects. The first method utilises micro-CT scans and is able to successfully determine features such as the shape, size & location of voids. The second method involves analysing micrographs taken using an optical microscope to automatically identify the edges of the plies within a laminate in order to characterise their wrinkle geometry. In addition to characterisation of the defects, these techniques will underpin further numerical and analytical studies into understanding the effects of voids and wrinkles on the performance of carbon fibre parts. © CCM 2020 - 18th European Conference on Composite Materials. All rights reserved.

关键词： defects

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