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arXiv 2021年

作者： Andersen, Casper W. Armiento, rickard Blokhin, Evgeny Conduit, Gareth J. dwaraknath, Shyam Evans, Matthew L. Fekete, Ádám Gopakumar, Abhijith Gražulis, Saulius Merkys, Andrius Mohamed, Fawzi Oses, Corey Pizzi, Giovanni rignanese, Gian-Marco Scheidgen, Markus Talirz, Leopold Toher, Cormac Winston, donald Aversa, rossella Choudhary, Kamal Colinet, Pauline Curtarolo, Stefano di Stefano, davide draxl, Claudia Er, Suleyman Esters, Marco Fornari, Marco Giantomassi, Matteo Govoni, Marco Hautier, Geoffroy Hegde, Vinay Horton, Matthew K. Huck, Patrick Huhs, Georg Hummelshøj, Jens Kariryaa, Ankit Kozinsky, Boris Kumbhar, Snehal Liu, Mohan Marzari, Nicola Morris, Andrew J. Mostofi, Arash A. Persson, Kristin A. Petretto, Guido Purcell, Thomas ricci, Francesco rose, Frisco Scheffler, Matthias Speckhard, daniel Uhrin, Martin Vaitkus, Antanas Villars, Pierre Waroquiers, david Wolverton, Chris Wu, Michael Yang, Xiaoyu École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne1015 Switzerland Materials Design and Informatics Unit Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Sweden Tilde Materials Informatics Straßmannstraße 25 Berlin10249 Germany Materials Platform for Data Science Sepapaja 6 Tallinn15551 Estonia Theory of Condensed Matter Group Cavendish Laboratory 19 J.J. Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Lawrence Berkeley Labs BerkeleyCA United States Chemin des Étoiles 8 Louvain-la-Neuve1348 Belgium Department of Physics King's College London London United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Institute of Biotechnology Life Science Center Vilnius University Saulétekio av. 7 VilniusLT-10257 Lithuania Institute of Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics Vilnius University Naugarduko g. 24 VilniusLT-03225 Lithuania Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin14195 Germany Center for Autonomous Materials Design Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof Berlin12489 Germany École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Sion1951 Switzerland Trieste34136 Italy Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Materials Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Ansys 300 Rustat House 62 Clifton Rd CambridgeCB1 7EG United Kingdom De Zaale 20 Eindhoven5612 AJ Netherlands Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials Program Central Michigan University Mount PleasantMI48859 United States Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College HanoverNH03755 United States Los AltosCA940

The Open databases Integration for Materials design (OPTIMAdE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMAdE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Specifications

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Scale setting the Möbius domain wall fermion on gradient-flowed HISQ action using the omega baryon mass and the gradient-flow scales t0 and w0

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Miller, Nolan Carpenter, Logan Berkowitz, Evan Chang, Chia Cheng Hörz, Ben Howarth, dean Monge-Camacho, Henry rinaldi, Enrico Brantley, david A. Körber, Christopher Bouchard, Chris Clark, M.A. Gambhir, Arjun Singh Monahan, Christopher J. Nicholson, Amy Vranas, Pavlos Walker-Loud, André Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC27516-3255 United States Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institut für Kernphysik and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich54245 Germany RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Physics Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Escuela de Físca Universidad de Costa Rica San José11501 Costa Rica Arithmer Inc. R&D Headquarters Minato Tokyo106-6040 Japan School of Physics and Astronomy University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom NVIDIA Corporation 2701 San Tomas Expressway Santa ClaraCA95050 United States Design Physics Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Department of Physics College of William & Mary WilliamsburgVA 23187 United States Theory Center Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport NewsVA23606 United States

We report on a subpercent scale determination using the omega baryon mass and gradient-flow methods. The calculations are performed on 22 ensembles of Nf = 2+1+1 highly improved, rooted staggered sea-quark configurations generated by the MILC and CalLat Collaborations. The valence quark action used is Möbius domain wall fermions solved on these configurations after a gradient-flow smearing is applied with a flowtime of tgf = 1 in lattice units. The ensembles span four lattice spacings in the range 0.06 . a . 0.15 fm, six pion masses in the range 130 . mπ . 400 MeV and multiple lattice volumes. On each ensemble, the gradient-flow scales t0/a2 and w0/a and the omega baryon mass amΩ are computed. The dimensionless product of these quantities is then extrapolated to the continuum and infinite volume limits and interpolated to the physical light, strange and charm quark mass point in the isospin limit, resulting in the determination of √t0 = 0.1422(14) fm and w0 = 0.1709(11) fm with all sources of statistical and systematic uncertainty accounted for. The dominant uncertainty in both results is the stochastic uncertainty, though for √t0 there are comparable continuum extrapolation uncertainties. For w0, there is a clear path for a few-per-mille uncertainty just through improved stochastic precision, as recently obtained by the Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal Collaboration. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Hadrons

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Testing an indirect method for identifying galaxies with high levels of Lyman continuum leakage

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yamanaka, Satoshi Inoue, Akio K. Yamada, Toru Zackrisson, Erik Iwata, Ikuru Micheva, Genoveva Mawatari, Ken Hashimoto, Takuya Kubo, Mariko Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Department of Environmental Science and Technology Faculty of Design Technology Osaka Sangyo University 3-1-1 Nakagaito Daito Osaka574-8530 Japan Department of Physics School of Advanced Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa252-5210 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 515 UppsalaSE-751 20 Sweden National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik An der Sternwarte 16 PotsdamD-14482 Germany Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8571 Japan

Using a sample of galaxies at z ≈ 3 with detected Lyman Continuum (LyC) leakage in the SSA22 field, we attempt to verify a proposed indirect method for identifying cases with high LyC escape fraction fesc based on measurements of the Hβ equivalent width (EW) and the β slope of the UV continuum. To this end, we present Keck/MOSFIrE Hβ emission line flux measurements of LyC galaxies (LCGs) at spectroscopic redshifts zspec ∼ 3.3, Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at photometric redshifts zphot = 2.7-3.7, and Lyα emitters at zphot = 3.1. We also reconfirm the spectroscopic redshifts and measure the Hβ emission line fluxes from 2 LCGs and 6 LBGs. For the LCG in our sample with the most extreme fesc, as revealed by the direct detection of LyC photons, we find that the EW(Hβ)-β method gives a broadly consistent estimate for fesc, although the error bars remain very large. We also discuss how a combination of fesc measurements based on direct and indirect methods can shed light on the LyC escape mechanism and the anisotropy of the leakage. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Simulated detector Performance at the Muon Collider

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bartosik, Nazar Krizka, Karol Griso, Simone Pagan Aimè, Chiara Apyan, Aram Mahmoud, Mohammed Attia Bertolin, Alessandro Braghieri, Alessandro Buonincontri, Laura Calzaferri, Simone Casarsa, Massimo Castelli, Luca Catanesi, Maria Gabriella Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni Cerri, Alessandro Chachamis, Grigorios Colaleo, Anna Curatolo, Camilla da Molin, Giacomo dasu, Sridhara denisov, dmitri denizli, Haluk di Micco, Biagio dorigo, Tommaso Errico, Filippo Ferrari, Anna Fiorina, davide Gallinaro, M. Giambastiani, Luca Gianelle, Alessio Giraldin, Carlo Herndon, Matthew Holmes, Tova ray Jindariani, Sergo Krintiras, Georgios K. Lee, Lawrence Li, Qiang Lipton, ronald Lomte, S. Long, Kenneth r. Lucchesi, donatella Mastrapasqua, Paola Meloni, Federico Montella, Alessandro Nardi, Federico Pastrone, Nadia Pellecchia, Antonello Potamianos, Karolos radicioni, Emilio radogna, raffaella riccardi, Cristina ristori, Luciano Salvini, Paola Sarra, I. Schulte, daniel Senol, Abdulkadir Sestini, Lorenzo Simone, Federica Maria Simoniello, rosa Stamerra, Anna Sun, Xiaohu Swiatlowski, Maximilian J. Tang, Jian Thompson, Emily Anne Vai, Ilaria Valente, Marco Valle, Nicolo Venditti, rosamaria Verwilligen, Piet Weber, Hannsjorg Zaza, Angela Zuliani, davide Acosta, d. Agashe, K. Allanach, B.C. Andreetto, P. Anulli, F. Apresyan, A. Asadi, P. Athanasakos, d. Azatov, A. Back, J.J. Bandiera, L. Barlow, r.J. Barzi, E. Batsch, F. Bauce, M. Berg, J.S. Berryhill, J. Bersani, A. Black, K.M. Bonesini, M. Booth, C. Bottaro, S. Bowring, d. Bross, A. Brost, E. Buttazzo, d. Caiffi, B. Calderini, G. Cameron, P. Capdevilla, r. Casaburo, F. Cavoto, G. Celona, L. Cesarini, G. Cesarotti, C. Chacko, Z. Chancé, A. Chen, S. Chien, Y.-T. Chiesa, M. Collazuol, G. Colling, d.J. Costa, M. Craig, N. Cremaldi, L.M. Crivellin, A. Curtin, d. d'Agnolo, r.T. dam, M. damerau, H. de Blas, J. de Matteis, E. deandrea, A. delahaye, J. delgado, A. densham, C. dermisek, r. di Petrillo, K.F. dickinson, J. duarte, J. Everaerts, P. Everett, L. Farinon, S. Somoza, J.F. Ferretti, G. Filthau INFN Sezione di Torino Italy Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory United States Università di Pavia Italy Department of Physics Brandeis University United States Fayoum University Egypt INFN Sezione di Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Pavia Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Universit'a di Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Bari Italy Italy MPS School University of Sussex United Kingdom Portugal Department of Physics Università degli Studi di Bari Italy INFN Sezione di Milano Italy University of Wisconsin United States Brookhaven National Laboratory United States Department of Physics Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Turkey Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Università Roma Tre Italy Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Germany University of Tennessee United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory United States Department of Physics and Astronomy United States Peking University China Imperial College London United Kingdom Université Catholique de Louvain Belgium Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Germany Department of Physics Oxford University United Kingdom CERN Switzerland State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University China TRIUMF Canada Sun Yat-Sen University China Institut für Physik Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Germany INFN-TIFPA Trento Institute of Fundamental Physics and Applications Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tre Italy STFC United Kingdom Institute of High-Energy Physics China Physics & Astronomy Department Rice University United States Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics University of Maryland United States DAMTP University of Cambridge United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Roma Italy Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States YITP Stony Brook United States SISSA International School for Advanced Studies Italy Department of Physics University of Warwick United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Ferrara Italy The University of Hu

In this paper we report on the current status of studies on the expected performance for a detector designed to operate in a muon collider environment. Beam-induced backgrounds (BIB) represent the main challenge in the design of the detector and the event reconstruction algorithms. The current detector design aims to show that satisfactory performance can be achieved, while further optimizations are expected to significantly improve the overall performance. We present the characterization of the expected beam-induced background, describe the detector design and software used for detailed event simulations taking into account BIB effects. The expected performance of charged-particle reconstruction, jets, electrons, photons and muons is discussed, including an initial study on heavy-flavor jet tagging. A simple method to measure the delivered luminosity is also described. Overall, the proposed design and reconstruction algorithms can successfully reconstruct the high transverse-momentum objects needed to carry out a broad physics program. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Charged particles

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Large format imaging spectrograph for the large submillimeter telescope (LST)

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kohno, Kotaro Kawabe, ryohei Tamura, Yoichi Endo, Akira Baselmans, Jochem J.A. Karatsu, Kenichi Inoue, Akio K. Moriwaki, Kana Hayatsu, Natsuki H. Yoshida, Naoki Yoshimura, Yuki Hatsukade, Bunyo Umehata, Hideki Oshima, Tai Takekoshi, Tatsuya Taniguchi, Akio Klaassen, Pamela d. Mroczkowski, Tony Cicone, Claudia Bertoldi, Frank dannerbauer, Helmut Tosaki, Tomoka Institute of Astronomy School of Science The University of Tokyo 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Nagoya464-8602 Japan Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Kavli Institute of NanoScience Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands SRON – Netherlands Institute for Space Research Utrecht Netherlands Department of Physics School of Advanced Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Department of Environmental Science and Technology Faculty of Design Technology Osaka Sangyo University 3-1-1 Nakagaito Daito Osaka574-8530 Japan Department of Physics School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan UT Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba277-8583 Japan RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Kitami Hokkaido090-8507 Japan UK Astronomy Technology Centre Royal Observatory Edinburgh Blackford Hill EdinburghEH9 3HJ United Kingdom Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 Garching85748 Germany Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics University of Oslo P.O. Box 1029 BlindernOslo0315 Norway Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Argelander-Institut für Astronomie University

We present a conceptual study of a large format imaging spectrograph for the Large Submillimeter Telescope (LST) and the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST). recent observations of high-redshift galaxies indicate the onset of earliest star formation just a few 100 million years after the Big Bang (i.e., z = 12–15), and LST/AtLAST will provide a unique pathway to uncover spectroscopically-identified "first forming galaxies" in the pre-reionization era, once it will be equipped with a large format imaging spectrograph. We propose a 3-band (200, 255, and 350 GHz), medium resolution (r = 2,000) imaging spectrograph with ∼1.5 M detectors in total based on the KATANA concept (Karatsu et al. 2019), which exploits technologies of the integrated superconducting spectrometer (ISS) and a large-format imaging array. A 1-deg2 drilling survey (3,500 hr) will capture a large number of [O iii] 88 µm (and [C ii] 158 µm) emitters at z = 8–9, and constrain [O iii] luminosity functions at z > 12. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Spectrometers

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{110} planar faults in strained bcc metals: Origins and implications of a commonly observed artifact of classical potentials

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Physical review Materials 2018年第9期2卷 093606-093606页

作者： Johannes J. Möller Matous Mrovec Ivan Bleskov Jörg Neugebauer Thomas Hammerschmidt ralf drautz Christian Elsässer Tilmann Hickel Erik Bitzek Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute I Martensstr. 5 D-91058 Erlangen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM Wöhlerstr. 11 D-79108 Freiburg Germany Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany Computational Materials Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str. 1 D-40237 Düsseldorf Germany University of Freiburg Freiburg Materials Research Center Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 D-79104 Freiburg Germany

Large-scale atomistic simulations with classical potentials can provide valuable insights into microscopic deformation mechanisms and defect-defect interactions in materials. Unfortunately, these assets often come with the uncertainty of whether the observed mechanisms are based on realistic physical phenomena or whether they are artifacts of the employed material models. One such example is the often reported occurrence of stable planar faults (PFs) in body-centered cubic (bcc) metals subjected to high strains, e.g., at crack tips or in strained nano-objects. In this paper, we study the strain dependence of the generalized stacking fault energy (GSFE) of {110} planes in various bcc metals with material models of increasing sophistication, i.e., (modified) embedded atom method, angular-dependent, Tersoff, and bond-order potentials as well as density functional theory. We show that under applied tensile strains the GSFE curves of many classical potentials exhibit a local minimum which gives rise to the formation of stable PFs. These PFs do not appear when more sophisticated material models are used and have thus to be regarded as artifacts of the potentials. We demonstrate that the local GSFE minimum is not formed for reasons of symmetry and we recommend including the determination of the strain-dependent (110) GSFE as a benchmark for newly developed potentials.

关键词： Atomic & molecular structure disclinations & dislocations Fracture Interatomic & molecular potentials Mechanical deformation Stacking faults density functional theory Molecular dynamics

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Corrigendum to "Integrating ‘nature’ in the water-energy-food nexus: Current perspectives and future directions" [Science of The Total Environment, Volume 966, 2025, 178600] (Science of the Total Environment (2025) 966, (S0048969725002347), (10.1016/***.2025.178600))

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 980卷 179482页

作者： Lucca, Enrico Kofinas, dimitris Avellán, Tamara Kleemann, Janina Mooren, Caro E. Blicharska, Malgorzata Teutschbein, Claudia Sperotto, Anna Sušnik, Janez Milliken, Sarah Fader, Marianela Đorđević, dejana dašić, Tina Vasilić, Violeta Taiwo, Bamgboye Baubekova, Aziza Pineda-Martos, rocío Spyropoulou, Alexandra Baganz, Gösta F.M. el Jeitany, Jerome Oral, Hasan Volkan Merheb, Mohammad Castelli, Giulio Pagano, Alessandro Sambo, Beatrice Suškevičs, Monika Arnold, Mona rađenović, Tamara Psomas, Alexander Masia, Sara La Jeunesse, Isabelle Amorocho-daza, Henry das, Sherin S. Bresci, Elena Munaretto, Stefania Brouwer, Floor Laspidou, Chrysi Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze50145 Italy Department of Civil Engineering University of Thessaly Volos38334 Greece Faculty of Technology University of Oulu Oulu Finland 06120 Germany Halle-Jena-Leipzig Puschstraβe 4 Leipzig04103 Germany KWR Water Research Institute Nieuwegein Netherlands Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands Natural Resources and Sustainable Development Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala University Villavägen 16 Uppsala75236 Sweden Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics University of Ca’ Foscari Venice Italy Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country Biscay Spain Land and Water Management Department IHE Delft Institute for Water Education Delft Netherlands School of Design University of Greenwich Park Row LondonSE10 9LS United Kingdom Luisenstraße 37 MunichD-80333 Germany Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos Área de Ingeniería Agroforestal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Universidad de Sevilla Ctra. de Utrera km. 1 Seville41005 Spain Berlin Senate Department for Urban Mobility Transport Climate Action and the Environment Berlin Germany Univpersità degli Studi di Firenze Via di S. Marta 3 Firenze50139 Italy Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis Institute of Geoecology Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamper Street 19c Braunschweig38092 Germany İstanbul Aydın University Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering İstanbul Turkey Institut Agro Rennes-Angers Angers France UNESCO Chair in Hydropolitics University of Geneva Genève Switzerland University of Geneva Genève Switzerland Water Research Institute—National Research Council Bari Italy Venice Italy Eurac Research Center for Global Mountain Safeguard Research Viale Druso 1 Bolzano39100 Italy Institute of

The authors regret that there were two formatting mistakes: 1. definitions of key "Nexus" and "ecosystems" terms appear as a paragraph on page 4 rather than within Box 1. The revised Box 1 is [Table presented] Box 1. Glossary of key terms. 2. The caption for Fig. 7 is separated from the figure and appears as a paragraph on page 15. The revised caption of Fig. 7 is [Figure presented] Fig. 7. Proposed hybrid WEFE Nexus paradigm – elements and interlinkages. Examples for some of the interlinkages are provided. Connection 4: the provisioning ecosystem service of wild foods, but also the expected trends due to planning and strategic conservation efforts that can lead to an increase in their availability and use (Sajeev et al., 2023). Connection 5: the provisioning ecosystem service of wood and biomass, as well as the influence of the energy sector on the use and management of land resources. Connection 6: provisioning of fresh water and water purification as ecosystem services, on one hand, and policy and governance measures for protection and preservation of aquatic habitats and biodiversity, prevention of overexploitation of freshwater, sustaining environmental flows from reservoirs, on the other. Connection 7: the social and governance processes involved in setting aside land and resources for new sectoral developments (e.g., a new reservoir), as well as constraints to such new developments arising from policy (e.g., the EU biodiversity strategy for 2030) and social dynamics;sectoral activities providing livelihoods;global and national agreements setting targets on emissions reductions, as well the socio-economic implications of decarbonization plans (Plazas-Niño et al., 2022), just transition plans (Wang and Lo, 2021), and the economic transformation towards net-zero economies, job creation in emerging sectors, innovation and investment, and social adjustments (Krishnan et al., 2022). Connection 8: the impact of infrastructure development in the water sector (e.g., a

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Ultrastrong steel via minimal lattice misfit and high-density nanoprecipitation

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Nature 2017年第7651期544卷 460-464页

作者： Jiang, Suihe Wang, Hui Wu, Yuan Liu, Xiongjun Chen, Honghong Yao, Mengji Gault, Baptiste Ponge, dirk raabe, dierk Hirata, Akihiko Chen, Mingwei Wang, Yandong Lu, Zhaoping State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße Düsseldorf 40237 Germany WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan Mathematics for Advanced Materials-OIL AIST-Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore 21218 MD United States

Next-generation high-performance structural materials are required for lightweight design strategies and advanced energy applications. Maraging steels, combining a martensite matrix with nanoprecipitates, are a class of high-strength materials with the potential for matching these demands. Their outstanding strength originates from semi-coherent precipitates, which unavoidably exhibit a heterogeneous distribution that creates large coherency strains, which in turn may promote crack initiation under load. Here we report a counterintuitive strategy for the design of ultrastrong steel alloys by high-density nanoprecipitation with minimal lattice misfit. We found that these highly dispersed, fully coherent precipitates (that is, the crystal lattice of the precipitates is almost the same as that of the surrounding matrix), showing very low lattice misfit with the matrix and high anti-phase boundary energy, strengthen alloys without sacrificing ductility. Such low lattice misfit (0.03 ± 0.04 per cent) decreases the nucleation barrier for precipitation, thus enabling and stabilizing nanoprecipitates with an extremely high number density (more than 10 24 per cubic metre) and small size (about 2.7 ± 0.2 nanometres). The minimized elastic misfit strain around the particles does not contribute much to the dislocation interaction, which is typically needed for strength increase. Instead, our strengthening mechanism exploits the chemical ordering effect that creates backstresses (the forces opposing deformation) when precipitates are cut by dislocations. We create a class of steels, strengthened by Ni(Al,Fe) precipitates, with a strength of up to 2.2 gigapascals and good ductility (about 8.2 per cent). The chemical composition of the precipitates enables a substantial reduction in cost compared to conventional maraging steels owing to the replacement of the essential but high-cost alloying elements cobalt and titanium with inexpensive and lightweight aluminium. Strengthening of

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Artificial Thermal Sensation: Stretchable Skin‐Like Cooling/Heating device for reconstruction of Artificial Thermal Sensation in Virtual reality (Adv. Funct. Mater. 29/2020)

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advanced Functional Materials 2020年第29期30卷

作者： Jinwoo Lee Heayoun Sul Wonha Lee Kyung rok Pyun Inho Ha dongkwan Kim Hyojoon Park Hyeonjin Eom Yeosang Yoon Jinwook Jung dongjun Lee Seung Hwan Ko Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 Korea Interactive and Networked Robotics Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 Korea Thermochemical Energy System R&D Group Korea Institute of Industrial Technology 89 Yangdaegiro‐gil Ipjang‐myeon Seobuk‐ku Cheonan‐si Chungcheongnam‐do 31056 Korea Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU‐IAMD)/Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National University Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 Korea

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{110} planar faults in strained bcc metals: Origins and implications of a commonly observed artifact of classical potentials

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Möller, Johannes J. Mrovec, Matous Bleskov, Ivan Neugebauer, Jörg Hammerschmidt, Thomas drautz, ralf Elsässer, Christian Hickel, Tilmann Bitzek, Erik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute I Martensstr. 5 ErlangenD-91058 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM Wöhlerstr. 11 FreiburgD-79108 Germany Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 BochumD-44780 Germany Computational Materials Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str. 1 DüsseldorfD-40237 Germany University of Freiburg Freiburg Materials Research Center Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 FreiburgD-79104 Germany

Large-scale atomistic simulations with classical potentials can provide valuable insights into microscopic deformation mechanisms and defect-defect interactions in materials. Unfortunately, these assets often come with the uncertainty of whether the observed mechanisms are based on realistic physical phenomena or whether they are artifacts of the employed material models. One such example is the often reported occurrence of stable planar faults (PFs) in body-centered cubic (bcc) metals subjected to high strains, e.g., at crack tips or in strained nano-objects. In this paper, we study the strain dependence of the generalized stacking fault energy (GSFE) of {1 1 0} planes in various bcc metals with material models of increasing sophistication, i.e., (modified) embedded atom method, angular-dependent, Tersoff, and bond-order potentials as well as density functional theory. We show that under applied tensile strains the GSFE curves of many classical potentials exhibit a local minimum which gives rise to the formation of stable PFs. These PFs do not appear when more sophisticated material models are used and have thus to be regarded as artifacts of the potentials. We demonstrate that the local GSFE minimum is not formed for reasons of symmetry and we recommend including the determination of the strain-dependent (1 1 0) GSFE as a benchmark for newly developed potentials. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crack tips

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